1、telescopeuniversecrucialorbitastronomermerelyadministration n.望远镜望远镜n.(the universe)宇宙，宇宙，天地万物天地万物adj.至关重要的，关键性的至关重要的，关键性的 vt.&vi.围绕围绕运动，沿运动，沿轨道运行轨道运行 n.（天体等运行的）轨道（天体等运行的）轨道 n.天文学家天文学家adv.仅仅，只不过仅仅，只不过n.行政部门；管理，行政行政部门；管理，行政 Read after the tape and speak out the Chinese immediately.agencycomprise*scan
2、plain to seefoundationlay the foundation forn.机构；代理处机构；代理处vt.包括，包含；组成，包括，包含；组成，构成构成vt.&vi.扫描；细看；浏览扫描；细看；浏览n.扫描检查；快速查阅扫描检查；快速查阅显而易见的显而易见的n.基础，根据；地基；基础，根据；地基；创办；基金会创办；基金会 为为打下基础打下基础a noun,noun phrase or pronoun representing the person or thing that performs the action of the verbabout which something
3、is stated in a passive sentence,that is affected by the action of the verbI sat down.The house is very old.The tree was blown down in the storm.1.David arrived last night.2.Who is speaking,please?3.Two will be enough.4.Looking up all the new words in the dictionary took him a lot of time.5.To transl
4、ate this ideal into reality needs hard work.6.How to do well is an important question.7.What has happened proves that our policy is right.n.pron.num.v-ingto dophrasesentencesubject clauseBelow is a newspaper feature article on the use of telescopes to explore space.Find the sentences with subject cl
5、auses.Check your answers!()()()()1.That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes,2.Whether life on other planets does exist is yet to be proved,but the signs are promising.3.It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing
6、the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries.4.How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination.that whetheritFocus on Focus on 基本用法基本用法在在复合句复合句中，如中，如作主语的是一个从句作主语的是一个从句，该从句，该从句被称为被称为主语从句主语从句。主语从句必须用主语从句必须用陈述语序陈述语序。That she
7、was beautiful was plain to everyone.How a book will sell depends much on the reviewer(评论者评论者).Whether hell come hasnt been decided.=It hasnt been decided whether hell come.That the earth moves around the sun is well known.Whether he will come or not is not known yet.1.that 2.whether连词连词Who will be s
8、ent there has not been decided.What you need is more practice.1.who 2.whatWhich one is the best is not clear.3.whichWhoever comes first will get a free book.Whatever he did was right.Whichever team gains the most points wins.4.“whoever,whatever,whichever”等等连接代词连接代词When they will come hasnt been made
9、 public.Where he has gone is a question.Why there is gravity is hard to understand.How he can earn a living in Britain remains a big problem.1.when,where2.why,how连接副词连接副词 That he speaks English so well surprises all of us.That she became an artist may have been due to her fathers influence.1.1.that在
10、主语从句中在主语从句中不充当任何成分，也无意不充当任何成分，也无意 义，只起连接作用，不能省略义，只起连接作用，不能省略。Its uncertain whether/if hell come this evening.2.2.whether和和if:whether与与if 引导主语从句引导主语从句 位于句中有时可换用位于句中有时可换用。It was doubtful whether/if Tom really saw Sharon.用用不用不用 的情况：的情况：1.1.Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.It make
11、s no difference whether you will go today or tomorrow.2.2.Whether or not he will come still remains a question.Whether well succeed remains to be seen.1.1.主语从句主语从句时；时；位于句首位于句首2.2.从句后有从句后有或紧跟或紧跟时时oror not Why he didnt attend the meeting wasnt clear.3.3.连接代词连接代词和和连接副词连接副词在句中在句中既保留自己的疑既保留自己的疑 问含义、又起连接作
12、用，在从句中充当从句问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句 的成分的成分。When the plane will take off has not been announced.Who will come to teach us is not known.What hurt my feelings was the judges comment.What we need are more books.Who won the match is still unknown.主语从句后的谓语动词一般用主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式单数形式。What she lacks is experience.
13、what引导的从句作主语时，引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由谓语动词的数由后面的表语决定后面的表语决定。What you said is perfectly true.certain clear important necessary probable possible主语从句常用主语从句常用it作作形式主语形式主语放放句首句首,从句从句为为真正真正的主语的主语，放在，放在句末句末，使句子更平衡。，使句子更平衡。常用句型有：常用句型有：It is/was+that clause1.It+be+形容词形容词+that从句从句 It is certain that she will do wel
14、l in her exam.可以肯定的是，她会在考试中做得很好。可以肯定的是，她会在考试中做得很好。It is probable that he told me everything.他可能把一切都告诉我了。他可能把一切都告诉我了。It is natural that they should have different views.他们有不同观点是很自然的。他们有不同观点是很自然的。It is strange that he knows nothing about it.很奇怪他对此竟一无所知。很奇怪他对此竟一无所知。2.It+be+名词词组名词词组+that从句从句 pity shame
15、duty It is a pity that he missed such a good chance.It is/was a+that clause It is a shame that youre sick.很遗憾他错过了这么好的机会。很遗憾他错过了这么好的机会。真遗憾你病了。真遗憾你病了。3.It+be+V-ed+that从句从句 said reported thought hoped believed known It is+that clause It is said that he is the best student in the class.It is thought tha
16、t Joe drives badly.据说他是班上最好的学生。据说他是班上最好的学生。人们认为乔开车开得不好。人们认为乔开车开得不好。It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It happened that I was out that day.It appears to me that you dont want to come to the party.4.It+seem,happen,appear等不及物动词等不及物动词 +that从句。从句。爱丽丝似乎根本不会来参加晚会。爱丽丝似乎根本不会来参加晚会。碰巧我那天外出了。
17、碰巧我那天外出了。在我看来，你不想来参加聚会。在我看来，你不想来参加聚会。1.The space mission went so well was beyond our expectations.2.Whether they are able to grow more vegetables in space depend on how much time it takes.3.It was not clear how long he will stay on the space station.4.What the lunar probe did not land was a worry fo
18、r the people back on the Earth.5.That makes the Chinese people happy is that China has successfully launched a space rocket.Circle the mistakes and correct them in the blanks.P21 B1That the dependswas改为改为is 或或 will改为改为would That What Check your answers!The passage below is about the Chinese Lunar Ex
19、ploration Program.Complete the passage with the correct subject clauses in the box below.There is one clause you do NOT need to use.Write the letters in the blanks.Check your answers!P21 B2ebacWrite down your prediction about the development of space exploration,using subject clauses.Possible answer
20、:It is clear that many exciting things will happen in the development of space exploration in the future.I think manned space missions to Mars will happen in my lifetime and a permanent base on Mars will also be established.Hopefully,new energy sources will be developed,which will make space flight
21、cheaper and faster.But how soon and how far we advance in developing the required technology to do so depends on the collaboration between the many countries around the world.It is possible that the technology will be available before 2040 and I am looking forward to that.1.(2021全国卷甲卷阅读理解全国卷甲卷阅读理解D)
22、Its said that history is written by the victors,and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club.据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为天才俱乐部设立了准入标准。胜利者为天才俱乐部设立了准入标准。直击高考直击高考翻译句子。翻译句子。2.(2020(2020江苏卷江苏卷)It is not a problem _ we can win the battle;its just a matter of time.A.whether
23、B.why C.when D.where【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。是问题；这只是时间问题。A.whether是否；是否；B.why 为什为什么；么；C.when什么时候；什么时候；D.where 在那里。根据下文在那里。根据下文its just a matter of time可知，此处指可知，此处指“我们能否打赢这场战我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正引导的从句是真正的主语。故选的主语。故选A。直击高考直击高考2.2.引导主语从句
24、的词有：引导主语从句的词有：连词连词_,_;连接代词连接代词_,_,_,_,_,_;连接副词连接副词_,_,_,_等。等。3.3.主语从句常用主语从句常用_作形式主语放句首作形式主语放句首,从句从句 为为_，放在句末。，放在句末。1.1.主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语从句在复合句中作句子的_。主语主语thatwhetherwhowhatwhichwhenwhere howwhywhoever whateverit真正的主语真正的主语whicheverIndividual activityI.用适当的连接词填空。用适当的连接词填空。1._ struck me most in the movie
25、was the fathers deep love for his son.2._ he will refuse the offer is unlikely.3._ well go camping tomorrow or not depends on the weather.4._ the ancient Egyptians built the Pyramids puzzled people for centuries.5.It is not yet clear _ broke the window of the classroom.6._ he will come back from Fra
26、nce is unknown,and I will check the time.7.It is possible _ Bob will be present at the meeting tomorrow.8._ team will win the game is difficult to predict.WhatThatWhetherHowwhoWhenthatWhichII.根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。根据汉语意思，完成下列句子。1.无论谁最后离开房间，都应该把灯关掉。无论谁最后离开房间，都应该把灯关掉。_ ought to turn off the lights.2.他昨天为什么来这里
27、是个秘密。他昨天为什么来这里是个秘密。_ is a secret.3.我们不知道杰克什么时候能完成这本书的翻译。我们不知道杰克什么时候能完成这本书的翻译。_ is unknown to us.4.飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。飞机何时起飞还没有宣布。_ when the plane is to take off.5.你不喜欢他不关我的事。你不喜欢他不关我的事。_ is none of my business.6.很遗憾你不能参加我的生日聚会。很遗憾你不能参加我的生日聚会。_ you cant attend my birthday party.Whoever leaves the room lastWhy he came here yesterdayWhen Jack will finish translating the bookIt has not been announcedThat you dont like himIt is a pity thatCan you use subject clauses correctly?Finish the exercises of the Grammar part in Learning English.
