1、牛津英语单元词汇详解选择性必修三Unit 4 Protecting our heritage sites 1*heritage/hertd/n.遗产（44）【原句背诵】Some of the heritage sites face serious dangers.Heritage in danger【联想拓展】cultural heritage 文化遗产natural heritage 自然遗产heritage preservation 遗产保护World Heritage Site 世界（文化）遗产；世界遗产保护区Chinas rich cultural heritage 中国的丰富文化遗产
2、【经典例句】Forests are one of the main elements of our natural heritage.森林是我们自然遗产的主要组成部分之一。People talk about their family heritage,city heritage and national heritage.人们谈论他们的家族遗产、城市遗产和民族遗产。The historic building is as much part of our heritage as the paintings.这座历史建筑和这些绘画作品一样也是留给我们的遗产的组成部分。2 awe/vt.使惊叹，使敬
3、畏 n.敬畏，惊叹（44）3 civilization /svlazen/(also civilization)n.文明；社会文明；文明社会，文明世界（44）【原句背诵】Before we begin,I want to ask you:have you ever been awed by national wonders?Have you ever been fascinated by human civilization?【联想拓展】awe and respect 敬畏和尊敬awe and wonder 敬畏和惊奇be/stand in awe of sb/sth 对敬畏；对望而生畏awe
4、-inspiring adj.使人敬畏的；令人惊叹的awesome adj.令人敬畏的；使人畏惧的；可怕的；极好的the technology of modern civilization 现代文明的技术the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome 古希腊和古罗马的社会文明socialist political civilization 社会主义政治文明建设civilized adj.文明的；有礼貌的;v.教化；使文明；启发（civilize的过去分词）civilize vt.使文明；教化；使开化;vi.变得文明【经典例句】I was totally
5、 in awe,seeing some of their creations.看到他们的一些创造，我完全怀有敬畏之心。They looked at him with a mixture of horror,envy,and awe.他们带着害怕、羡慕和敬畏的混合表情看着他。The money was mysterious,and we were in awe of it.钱是神秘的，我们对它望而生畏。Environmental damage threatens the whole of civilization.环境的破坏威胁着整个文明世界。European civilization was
6、the first to impose itself across the whole world.欧洲文明是最先传扬到全世界的。China is one of the birthlands of ancient civilization.中国是古代文明的发源地之一。【链接高考】（2015江苏卷）Some 2,500 years ago Greece discovered freedom.Before that there was no freedom.There were great civilizations,splendid empires,but no freedom anywhere
7、.大约2500年前，希腊发现了自由。在此之前没有自由。有伟大的文明，辉煌的帝国，但没有自由。（2012山东卷）For thousands of years,Polynesian people lived the remote island of Nauru,far from western civilization.数千年来，波利尼西亚人居住在偏僻的瑙鲁岛，远离西方文明。4 preserve/przv/vt.维护，保护，保存；维持（44）【参考词条47】【原句背诵】If so,you might already understand why UNESCO is fighting to pres
8、erve sites of cultural and natural importance to mankind.【联想拓展】preserve the ecological environment 保卫生态环境preserve from 保护使免遭掩护preservation n.保存，保留preserved adj.保藏的；腌制的；喝醉的preservative n.防腐剂；预防法；防护层;adj.防腐的；有保存力的；有保护性的【误区】reserve /rzv/n.自然保护区；储备 vt.预订；预留；保留【经典例句】We will do everything to preserve peac
9、e.我们将竭尽全力维护和平。The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction.成立这个协会是为了保护濒危物种不致灭绝。With refrigerators and freezers,we can preserve a lot of different foods in our homes.有了冰箱和冰柜，我们可以在家里保存很多不同的食物。Environmental organizations want to preserve the land surrounding the Wilgrinn Wilder
10、ness Area from residential development.环保组织希望保护威尔格林荒野地区周围的土地不受住宅开发的影响。【链接高考】（2020江苏卷）He said that he had heard the calls to preserve the boxes and had seen how some of them were listed as historic buildings.他说，他听到了保护这些盒子的呼声，也看到了其中一些盒子是如何被列为历史建筑的。（2017北京卷）A machine with a specific purpose has another
11、 quality,one that we usually associate with living things:a wish to preserve its own existence.具有特定用途的机器还有另一种特性，我们通常会把它与生物联系在一起：一种希望保持自身存在的愿望。（2015湖北卷）On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles,Loe and her family grow,can(装罐)and preserve much of the food they consume.洛伊和她的家人在洛杉矶仅有的1/10英亩土地上种植，罐装并保存他们消
12、费的大部分食物。（2013江西卷）Increased understanding in planning world-wide tourism can preserve the market for these companies.提高对全球旅游规划的理解可以为这些公司保住市场。5 urgent/ju/adj.紧急的，紧迫的；催促的，急迫的（44）【原句背诵】There are currently around 1,100 sites in more than 160 countries worldwide.Unfortunately,they face a variety of danger
13、s and many of them are in urgent need of protection.【联想拓展】an urgent appeal for information 紧急呼吁提供信息a problem that requires urgent attention 需要紧急处理的问题urgent need 迫切需要urgency n.紧急，迫切；迫切需要；紧急的事【经典例句】He tried desperately to convey how urgent the situation was.他不顾一切地试图说明情况是多么紧急。There is an urgent need fo
14、r food and water.急需食品和水。The matter is urgent and somethings got to be done about it at once.事情很急迫，得赶快处理。The attack added a new urgency to the peace talks.这次攻击事件使和平谈判愈加紧迫。【链接高考】（2014安徽卷）To support these worthy causes,Ashoka provides money for the worlds most promising changemakers seeking to solve(解决
15、)urgent problems and would like to create a world in which every citizen is a changemaker.为了支持这些有价值的事业，阿育王为世界上最有希望的寻求解决紧迫问题的“变革者”提供资金，并希望创造一个每个公民都是变革者的世界。6 wear down（使）磨损，（使）逐渐磨平（44）【参考词条17】【原句背诵】Heritage sites are at risk from natural forces.The long-term natural forces,such as wind,water and tempe
16、rature,can gradually wear down heritage sites.【联想拓展】wear away/wear sth away（因重复使用而）变薄，变光滑；磨薄；磨光wear off 逐渐消失；消逝；逐渐停止wear out/wear sth out 磨薄；穿破；磨损；用坏wear oneself/sb out 使疲乏；使筋疲力尽；使厌烦【经典例句】The engine parts will wear down if not properly cared for.若未妥善照料，引擎的部分将会被磨损。If youre physically tired,it will we
17、ar down your immune system.如果你体力不支，将会拖垮你的免疫系统。The comfortable and stable work environment can wear down your will.安逸稳定的工作环境会消磨人的意志。Youll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard.你要是继续这样拼命工作，身体会吃不消的。7*pyramid/prmd/n.金字塔（44）【原句背诵】For instance,the Great Pyramid of Giza is now several meters sh
18、orter than it was originally.8 ruin/run/vt.破坏，毁坏；使破产，毁灭 n.毁坏，毁灭；破产；残垣断壁（44）9 incredible/nkredbl/adj.极好的，极大的；不能相信的，难以置信的（44）【原句背诵】Natural disasters,the sudden and powerful natural forces,can lead to the destruction of heritage sites:in 2003,a terrible earthquake shook south-eastern Iran and ruined la
19、rge parts of the city of Bam,an incredible UNESCO cultural heritage site.【联想拓展】in ruins 毁坏；严重受损；破败不堪；成为废墟an incredible story 不可思议的故事an incredible amount of work 极大量的工作incredibly adv.难以置信地；非常地【同义词】incredible的同义词可用unbelievable。【经典例句】The bad weather ruined our trip.天气恶劣，破坏了我们的旅行。That one mistake ruined
20、 his chances of getting the job.正是这个错误断送了他得到那份工作的机会。The country was ruined by the war.这个国家因战争而遭到严重破坏。We visited the ruins of a Norman castle.我们参观了一座诺曼式城堡的遗迹。He was determined to build a new life out of the ruins of his career.他决心从事业失败中爬起来，重新开始新的生活。Siberias forests are being logged at an incredible r
21、ate.西伯利亚的森林正以惊人的速度被砍伐。It seemed incredible that people would still want to play football during a war.在战争期间人们仍然想踢足球，这似乎不可思议。【链接高考】（2020浙江卷）It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection,for that would,indeed,ruin the pleasure of reading,discussing,and t
22、hinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.我并不想指出这本专辑里每一部戏剧的中心主题，因为那样做的确会破坏阅读、讨论和思考这些戏剧以及剧作家的创作效果的乐趣。（2016北京卷）When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins.当他们第二天回到洛克威时，他们发现他们的社区已是一片废墟。10 clay/kle/n.粘土，陶土（44）11 sculpture/sklpt(r)/n.雕像，雕塑品；雕刻术
23、（45）12 missile/msal/n.导弹（45）13 violence/valns/n.暴力，暴行；狂热，激情（45）【原句背诵】Another big danger is human activities.Wars can cause a great deal of damage to both cultural and natural heritage sites.Sometimes,amazing ancient clay sculptures and buildings are accidentally destroyed by missile attacks during p
24、eriods of violence.【联想拓展】feet of clay 致命的弱点；泥足（指站不住脚的事物）the techniques of sculpture in stone 石雕技艺sculptural adj.雕刻的；雕刻般的sculpturer n.雕塑师（=sculptor）violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的violent crime 暴力犯罪a violent explosion 剧烈的爆炸a violent change 急剧的变化a violent headache 剧烈的头痛【经典例句】Eric is sad because his idol has feet o
25、f clay.埃里克心里很难受，因为他崇拜的偶像竟是 泥足巨人。He collects modern sculpture.他收藏现代雕塑。The group does not advocate the use of violence.该团体不支持使用暴力。Twenty people were killed in the violence.有20人在这起暴力事件中被杀害。The violence in her tone gave Tyler a shock.她语气激烈，使泰勒大为震惊。Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies(=
26、that show a lot of violence).不应允许儿童看暴力电影。A nearby volcano erupted violently,sending out a hail of molten rock and boiling mud.一座附近的火山猛烈爆发，喷出大量熔岩和沸腾的泥浆。【链接高考】（2021全国乙卷）He builds massive sculptures out of plastic garbage,forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.他
27、用塑料垃圾建造了巨大的雕塑，力图让观众重新审视它们与一次性塑料产品的关系。（2021全国乙卷）Made of 168,000 plastic straws collected from several volunteer beach cleanups,the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shopping center in Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam.这座雕塑由几名海滩清理志愿者收集的16.8万根塑料吸管制成，首次出现在越南胡志明市的Estella Place购物中心。（2019江苏卷）
28、At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.在过去的某个时候，黄石公园一定曾以远远超过人类所知的规模的暴力爆炸过。14 conflict/knflkt/n.（军事）冲突，战斗；争论；矛盾，不一致 /knflkt/vi.冲突，抵触（45）15 civil/svl/adj.国民的；国家的；民事的（45）【原句背诵】In some conflict areas where civil wars often
29、 break out,fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose.【联想拓展】in conflict with 和冲突conflict with 冲突；与抵触in conflict 有矛盾；不一致conflict of interest 利益冲突cultural conflict 文化冲突a conflict between two cultures 两种文化的冲突【经典例句】The violence was the result of political and ethnic conflicts.那次暴力是政治与种族冲突的结果
30、。She found herself in conflict with her parents over her future career.她发现自己在将来择业的问题上与父母存在着分歧。John often comes into conflict with his boss.约翰经常和他的老板发生争执。The government has done nothing to resolve the conflict over nurses pay.政府未采取任何措施来解决护士工资问题引发的冲突。Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes c
31、onflict.个人道德与职业道德之间有时会相冲突。He held firm opinions which usually conflicted with mine.他持有坚定的、通常跟我的相冲突的观点。These results conflict with earlier findings.这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾。As visitors,the least we can do is be civil to the people in their own land.作为游客，我们至少要能做到文明地对待当地人民。【链接高考】（2017北京卷）If we are not careful,the
32、n,we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined,super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own,with the real world as the chessboard.如果我们不小心，那么，我们可能会面临一场全球性的国际象棋比赛，对手是意志坚定的超级智能机器，它们的目标与我们的目标相冲突，与现实世界的棋盘相冲突。（2016江苏卷）According to a paper in 2011 by Mr Hsiang and
33、 co-authors,civil conflict is related to El Ninos harmful effectsand the poorer the country,the stronger the link.根据向先生和他的合作者在2011年发表的一篇论文，国内冲突与厄尔尼诺的危害影响有关国家越贫穷，这种联系就越强。（2016北京卷）What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescents desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.当
34、今缺少的是青少年对自主的渴望和他们对不安全世界的理解之间的冲突。16*status /stets/n.身份，地位；状况，情形（45）【原句背诵】Meanwhile,World Heritage status may give rise to a series of problems.【经典例句】Women are only asking to be given equal status with men.妇女只是要求得到和男人平等的地位。She achieved celebrity status overnight.她一夜之间成为名流。The job brings with it status
35、 and a high income.担任这一职务既有显贵的地位又有丰厚的收入。Nurses are undervalued,and they never enjoy the same status as doctors.护士们没有得到足够重视，她们从未享受和医生一样的地位。17 wear and tear（正常使用造成的）磨损，损耗（45）【参考词条6】【原句背诵】Millions of tourists travel to UNESCO World Heritage Sites every year,so it is only natural that the sites suffer a
36、 bit of wear and tear.【经典例句】The carpet is designed to stand up to a lot of wear and tear.这种地毯设计得十分耐用。When you calculate the value of the car you must allow for wear and tear.计算这辆车的价值时，必须考虑到它的损耗情况。Rest is a vital and essential process that decreases wear and tear on the mind and body.休息是减少我们思想和身体耗损和痛
37、苦的一个至关重要和必不可少的过程。18 internal/ntnl/adj.内部的；国内的（45）【原句背诵】Every day,thousands of tourists climbing up the narrow stone steps are wearing down these ancient buildings and the long-term consequences could lead to irreplaceable destruction of the internal structure.【联想拓展】the internal structure of a buildi
38、ng 大楼的内部结构internal organs/injuries 内脏；内伤an internal inquiry 内部调查internal affairs/trade/markets 内政；国内贸易市场an internal flight(=within a country)国内航班internalize vt.使（习俗等经吸收同化而）内在化；使藏在心底internalization n.内在化；成为主观【反义词】external adj.外部的，外面的；对外的；外用的【经典例句】He does not want to interfere in the internal affairs
39、of another country.他不想干涉他国的内部事务。A combination of internal and external factors caused the company to close down.内外因结合导致了公司的倒闭。【链接高考】（2014上海卷）The idea is that once youve put yourself in anothers shoes youre less likely to think ill of them,because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that
40、 person.这个想法是说，一旦你“设身处地为他人着想”，你就不太可能会把别人想得不好，因为你的大脑已经内化了你是那个人的感觉。19 outcome /atkm/n.结果，效果（45）【原句背诵】Such dangers can have disastrous outcomes not only for the sites themselves,but also for people.【经典例句】Shes not very optimistic about the outcome of the talks.她对会谈的结果不太乐观。We are waiting to hear the fina
41、l outcome of the negotiations.我们在等待谈判的最终结果。These costs are payable whatever the outcome of the case.无论讼案结果如何，这些费用都应照付。【链接高考】（2019全国卷I）In analyzing his and other research，Dr.Prinstein came to another conclusion:Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes,but it is also responsible for th
42、ose outcomes,too.在分析他的研究和其他研究时，普林斯坦博士得出了另一个结论:讨人喜欢不仅与积极的生活结果有关，而且也对这些结果负责。（2012北京卷）“Stress affects how people learn,”says Professor Mara Mather.“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”马拉马瑟教授说:“压力影响人们的学习方式。”“人们在压力下更了解积极的结果，而不是消极的结果。”20*reef/rif/n.礁，礁脉（45）21*coral/krl/
43、n.珊瑚 adj.珊瑚色的（45）22 ecology/ikldi/n.生态，生态学（45）【原句背诵】For instance,the Great Barrier Reef off the north-east coast of Australia is a natural heritage site in danger.Due to high seawater temperatures caused by global warming,a large amount of coral is killed and parts of the reef are seriously affected
44、,which harms its fragile natural ecology.【联想拓展】ecology environment 生态环境ecology system 生态系统ecology and environment 生态和环境plant/animal/human ecology 植物动物人类生态学the ecology movement 生态保护运动ecological adj.生态的，生态学的ecologist n.生态学者；生态保护论者【经典例句】Oil pollution could damage the fragile ecology of the coral reefs.
45、石油污染可能破坏珊瑚礁脆弱的生态环境。The way coffee is grown affects the global ecology.咖啡的种植方式影响着全球生态。【链接高考】（2015陕西卷）Both locally and globally,the continued spread of full-sun coffee plantations(种植园)could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.无论是在当地还是全球范围内，日照充足的咖啡种植园的继续扩张可能意味着对雨林生态的破坏。（2015陕西卷）It is obvious
46、 that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life,from the local environment to the global ecology.很明显，咖啡的种植方式影响了生活的许多方面，从当地环境到全球生态。23 agenda /dend/n.计划，方案；议程表，议事日程（45）【原句背诵】Heritage protection is at the top of the agenda for the benefit of all mankind.【经典例句】For the government,educatio
47、n is now at the top of the agenda(=most important).对政府来说，现在教育是当务之急。In our company,quality is high on the agenda.我们公司高度重视质量。Does television set the agenda on foreign policy?电视安排了有关外交政策的议题了吗？This is sure to be an item on the agenda next week.这必将成为下周议事日程上的一项议题。24*pagoda /pd/n.佛塔（47）【原句背诵】Today I learnt
48、 a lot about the Wooden Pagoda of Yingxian County,Shanxi Province.25 nail /nel/n.钉子；指甲 vt.固定（47）【原句背诵】It is one of the oldest wooden structures without a single nail in the world and attracts millions of tourists every year.【联想拓展】nail sth down（用钉子）将钉牢，将固定；达成一致；作出决定nail sb down(to sth)迫使明确保证（或准确说出想做之
49、事）nail sth up 用钉子将固定到（墙上、柱子上等）【经典例句】I nailed the sign to a tree.我将标示牌钉到了一棵树上。All the parties seem anxious to nail down a ceasefire.各方面似乎都渴望将停火之事敲定。She says shell come,but I cant nail her down to a specific time.她说要来，但我无法让她敲定具体什么时候来。26 panel /pnl/n.专家咨询组，讨论小组；嵌板；仪表盘（47）27 specialist /spelst/n.专家；专科医生
50、 adj.专业的（47）28 assess/ses/vt.评估，评定；估算（47）【原句背诵】For years,a panel of specialists discussed and assessed different means of repairing the pagoda.【联想拓展】an advisory panel 顾问组 a panel of experts 专家组a panel discussion 专家小组讨论 an instrument panel 仪表盘a control/display panel 控制显示面板a specialist in ancient hist
