1、it 作形式宾语作形式宾语 it 作形式宾语时，作形式宾语时，可以代替三种形式：不定式（短语）、可以代替三种形式：不定式（短语）、动名词（短语）和宾语从句。动名词（短语）和宾语从句。it 作形式宾语时，作形式宾语时，需具备两个条件：需具备两个条件：当不定式（短语）在复合宾语结构中作某些动词（如当不定式（短语）在复合宾语结构中作某些动词（如think,make,find,consider,feel,suppose等）的宾语时。等）的宾语时。I find it pleasant to work with him.They felt it my honor to be invited to spea
2、k here.）这只限于少数句型，这只限于少数句型，在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些。在多数情况下用不定式时更多一些。The professor considers it no good reading without understanding.Do you consider it any good trying again?He found it useless(no use)arguing with him.1 1）某些表示）某些表示“喜，怒，哀，乐喜，怒，哀，乐”的动词，的动词，如如like,enjoy,love,hate,appreciate等，往往不能直接接宾语从句，而是先用等，往往
3、不能直接接宾语从句，而是先用itit作形式宾语，作形式宾语，再把真正的宾语从句放再把真正的宾语从句放在后面。在后面。I dont like it that hes so lazy.I hate it when my mother asks me to eat eggs.We really appreciated it when she offered to help.2)that引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语，引导的宾语从句不能直接作介词的宾语，而是先用而是先用itit作形式宾语，作形式宾语，再把再把真正的宾语从句放在后面。常见于某些动词加介词的短语中，真正的宾语从句放在后面。常见于某些动
4、词加介词的短语中，如如depend on,rely on,see to,stick to,answer for,等。等。You may depend on it that we shall always help you.Would you see to it that she gets home early?She insisted on it that she was innocent.3)3)由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，由及物动词与介词组成的固定搭配中，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，宾语从句若作该动词的宾语时，须借用须借用it.I leave it to your own judge
5、ment whether you should do it.We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident.I took it for granted that they were not coming.4)4)当从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词（如当从句在复合宾语结构中作某些动词（如think,make,find等）的宾语时。等）的宾语时。They found it pleasant that they worked with us Chinese.5)动词动词+it+过去分词过去分词+从句从句He made it known to e
6、veryone that he was right.1 I consider it no use _(quarrel)with him about it.2 I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.3 Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back?4 I would appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer.5 The Interne
7、t makes it possible _(share)the latest news.6 I think _ my duty to help her.7 We all thought it a pity _ the conference should have been cancelled.8 They took _ for granted that I would be no good at it.quarreling it it it to share it that it直击高考直击高考1 1 孩子们觉得和父母在一起是安全和幸福的。孩子们觉得和父母在一起是安全和幸福的。Children
8、 feel it safe and happy to be with their parents.2 2 我发现很难与她相处。我发现很难与她相处。I find it hard to get along with her.3 3 现代技术使得在太空飞行成为可能。现代技术使得在太空飞行成为可能。Modern technology has made it possible to fly in space.4 4 大雨使我们更难按时完成工作。大雨使我们更难按时完成工作。The heavy rain made it more difficult for us to finish the work on
9、time.5 5 我们认为向他解释清楚发生了什么事没有用处。我们认为向他解释清楚发生了什么事没有用处。We thought it no use explaining to him what happened.translation1 What does“it”refer to in sentences(a)and(c)?2 What is the difference between the sentences in each group?a.No visitor would think it surprising that the island is a UNESCO World Herit
10、age Site.b.No visitor would think that the island being a UNESCO World Heritage Site is surprising.c.Experts felt it necessary to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island.d.Experts felt to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island was necessary.1“It”in senten
11、ce(a)refers to“the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site”.“It”in sentence(c)refers to“to come up with a plan to remove all the rabbits from the island”.2 When the object of a sentence is a that-clause(b)or an infinitive(d),we sometimes use“it”as an empty object and put the real object later to keep
12、 balance.For example,sentence(a)uses“it”as the empty object of“think”,referring to the real object:“the island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site”.Sentence(b)uses that-clause as the object of“think”.1.many people think it a good idea to keep this turtle as a pet2.believe it no big issue to release them
13、 into the wild3.people have found it a threat to other species to release these turtles into the wild4.Experts consider it important for owners to keep their pets in an enclosed areaRewrite the underlined parts using it as an empty object.I think it a breakthrough to transform a desert into a forest
14、Look at the pictures of the Saihanba National Forest Park and describe its changes using it as an empty object where appropriate.1960spresent daynouns/adjectivesbreakthrough impossible likely unrealisticto do/thatinvestigate plant trees transform Producers absorb water and dissolved nutrients from t
15、he soil.They also make their own food by absorbing light from the sunPrimary consumers rely on vegetation to provide energy.They feed on green plants.Secondary consumers prey on primary consumers as well as eating other animal matter.Decomposers dead animals and vegetable matter into nutrients.The d
16、issolved chemicals are then back into the food chain,to be used by producers.1.What does the diagram show?2.What are the relationships between the living things?The living things are closely connected with each other by the food they eat.Secondary consumers prey on primary consumers,Primary consumer
17、s feed on producers,and producers absorb light from the sun,and water and dissolved nutrients from the soil,which are provided by decomposers.The diagram shows a food chain the connection between the living things.Look at the diagram and answer the questions.Pay attention to the words and expression
18、s in bold.Complete the passage with the correct form of the words and expressions in activity 5.In a woodland ecosystem,trees and other plants are producers.They 1_ water,and take in nutrients from the soil and energy from the sun.Insects are an example of a primary consumer.They 2_ the producers to
19、 provide food for them,and are 3_ by secondary consumers:small mammals and birds.They 4_ the primary consumers.Fungi and bacteria are decomposers.They 5_ animal waste and the remains of living things.The chemicals these decomposers 6_ fertilise the soil and give the plants the nutrients they need to
20、 grow.absorb rely on fed on prey on break down releaseOne of the oldest species in the ecosystem,the honey bee has been in existence for millions of years.A honey bee can fly as fast as 24 kilometres per hour and its wings can beat 200 times per second.In just one journey to collect pollen and necta
21、r,one single honey bee can pollinate as many as 50 to 100 flowers.Did You Know?Listen to the conversation and choose the true statements.1.Bees are very important to our food supply because they provide honey.2.The bee population is declining.3.Without bees,humans would die out.4.All human crops dep
22、end on bees for pollination.5.If bees became extinct,other insects could pollinate enough crops.6.Humans are responsible for the decline in the bee population.Listen again and complete the flow chart.1.Pesticides and climate change2.declining very quickly3.have fallen by 17%4.be unable to reproduce5.Other insects6.bees are responsible for pollinating about 70%7.would die outComplete the boxes with the expressions from the conversation.You must be kidding!I dont believe it!Are you sure about?Its a fact!Dont forget thatCheck it out for yourselfAccording to statistics
