1、Unit 4Natural Natural DisastersDisastersPART 1语法导学PART 2达标检测Discovering Useful StructuresRestrictive Relative Clauses(1)PART 1语法导学语法导学感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题语法感知1.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls.2.Eleven kilometers directly below the city，one of the most deadly eart
2、hquakes of the 20th century had begun，a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometers away in Beijing.3.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.4.The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,000.5.Soon after the quakes，the army s
3、ent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.6.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.7.The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.1.以上定语从句由关以上定语从句由关系词系词 引导引导，修饰名词或代词，置，修饰名词或代词，置
4、于被修饰词于被修饰词的的 。2.关系代词关系代词which，that，who在定语从句中可以在定语从句中可以作作 ，也可以也可以作作 ；关系代词关系代词whose在定语从句中在定语从句中作作 。Who,which,that,whose后面后面主语主语宾语或表语宾语或表语定语定语在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫做定语从句。被定在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。语从句修饰的名词或代词叫作先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当一定的句子
5、成分。关系关系词的主要作用是连接主句和从句，并在从句中充当一定的句子成分。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose等；关系副词有等；关系副词有when，where，why等。等。一、关系代词的用法一、关系代词的用法1.who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。The number of people who were killed in the accident was over 100.在那次事故中丧生的人数超过了在那次事故中丧生的人数超过了100。He is the m
6、an who I met yesterday.他他就是我昨天遇见的那个人就是我昨天遇见的那个人。语法精析2.whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。指人，在定语从句中作宾语，常可省略。The boy(whom)the teacher often praises is their monitor.老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。老师经常表扬的那个男孩是他们的班长。注意：注意：(1)关系代词关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用在口语或非正式文体中常可用who/that来代替。来代替。The boy(who/whom/that)we saw yesterday is Johns bro
7、ther.昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。昨天我们看到的那个男孩是约翰的哥哥。(2)在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，用whom，不用，不用who。The man to whom you spoke just now is a relative of mine.刚才和你说话的男人是我的一个亲戚刚才和你说话的男人是我的一个亲戚。3.which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The gold medal(which)she won has been given to her old
8、school.她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。她获得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。4.that既可以指人，相当于既可以指人，相当于who或或whom；也可以指物，相当于；也可以指物，相当于which。在定语。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。The woman(that/who/whom)I read about in the newspaper has just won a gold medal.我在报纸上读过相关报道的那位女士，她刚刚赢得一枚金牌。我在报纸上读过相关报道的那位女士，她刚刚赢得一枚金牌。The report(that/whi
9、ch)Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的特纳先生递交的报告是关于汽车比赛的。注意注意：(1)宜用宜用that不宜用不宜用which的情况的情况当先行词是当先行词是all，little，few，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done.一切一切能做的都已经做完了。能做的都已经做完了。当先行词被当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，muc
10、h，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。等修饰时。Music is the only thing that interests me.音乐音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。当先行词中既有人又有物时。当先行词中既有人又有物时。She
11、 described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。当主语是以当主语是以which开头的特殊疑问句时。开头的特殊疑问句时。Which are the books that you bought for me?哪些哪些是你买给我的书是你买给我的书？(2)宜用宜用which不宜用不宜用that的情况的情况关系代词前有介词时。关系代词前有介词时。The house in which I used to live
12、 has become a shoe shop.我过去住的房子现在已经变成了一家鞋店。我过去住的房子现在已经变成了一家鞋店。在非限制性定语从句中。在非限制性定语从句中。Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl?你读过这本由一个年轻女孩写的书了吗？你读过这本由一个年轻女孩写的书了吗？先行词本身就是先行词本身就是that时。时。Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么刚才在天空中一闪而过的是什么？关系代词后有插入语时。关系代词后有插入语时。
13、Here is the English grammar book which，I think，can help improve your English.这就是那本我认为能帮你提高英语水平的英语语法书这就是那本我认为能帮你提高英语水平的英语语法书。(3)宜用宜用who不宜用不宜用that的情况的情况当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如：one，ones，anyone。Anyone who does that must be mad.谁谁那样做都一定是疯了。那样做都一定是疯了。当先行词是当先行词是I，you，he，they等人称代词时等人称代词时(常用于谚语中常用于谚语
14、中)。He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。不到长城非好汉。当先行词为指人的当先行词为指人的those时。时。Those who have good manners will be highly respected.那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。在在there be结构中，先行词指人时。结构中，先行词指人时。There is a young man who wants to see you.有有一个年轻人想见你一个年轻人想见你。5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从
15、句中作定语。指物时，通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语。指物时，“whose名词名词”可用可用“限定词名词限定词名词of which”或或“of which限定词名词限定词名词”来代替。来代替。Please pass me the book whose cover is green.(Please pass me the book the cover of which/of which the cover is green.)请递给我那本绿皮的书。请递给我那本绿皮的书。This is the person whose story surprised everybody.就是这个人的故事让所
16、有人感到吃惊。就是这个人的故事让所有人感到吃惊。The classroom whose door is broken can hold 40 students.那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳那间被弄坏了门的教室能容纳40个学生个学生。二二、使用定语从句的注意事项、使用定语从句的注意事项1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。一致。The suitcase that/which lies on the ground is hers.地上地上放的那个手提箱是她的。放的那个手提箱是她的。注意：注意：“o
17、ne of复数名词复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of复数名词复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯这是查尔斯狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。狄更斯所写的书的其中一本。He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的他是我们班男生中唯一一个学过法语的。
18、2.为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词所代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。译译昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。误误The film(that/which)we saw it last night is very frightening.正正The film(that/which)we saw last night is very frightening.3.关系代词的省略。关系代词的省略。(1)关系代词作主语时不能省略。关系代词作主语时不能省略。(2)作动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词
19、，如果不直接位作动词宾语的关系代词可以省略。作介词宾语的关系代词，如果不直接位于介词后，可省略；如果直接位于介词后，则不能省略。于介词后，可省略；如果直接位于介词后，则不能省略。We visited the house(that/which)Lu Xun once lived in.We visited the house in which Lu Xun once lived.我们参观了鲁迅曾住过的房子。我们参观了鲁迅曾住过的房子。(3)关系代词关系代词which在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。在非限制性定语从句中不能省略。单句语法填空单句语法填空1.They were well trained
20、 by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.(2019全国全国)2.The students benefitting most from college are those are totally engaged(参与参与)in academic life.(2019北京北京)3.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of
21、running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(2018全国全国)高考链接高考链接who/thatwhothat/which4.Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(2018浙江浙江)5.In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one
22、 of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.(2017江苏江苏)6.The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.(2017北京北京)who/thatwhosethatPART 2达标检测1.We dont know the number of people lost their homes in the disaster.2.Those want to go to the English party must b
23、e at the school gate by 730 pm.3.The first museum he visited in China was the History Museum.4.The film you are looking forward to seeing will be on tomorrow.5.I know the person house was destroyed in the earthquake.6.It is the tallest building Daming has seen ever since he came here.7.My father bou
24、ght a new bike for me price added up to more than 1,000 yuan.单句语法填空单句语法填空who/thatwhothatthat/whichwhosethatwhose8.She said she would do anything could help her mother recover from the disease.9.Anyone has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.10.The boy and the dog are in the picture ar
25、e very lovely.thatwhothat11.Do you know the man?The man spoke to the headmaster just now.Do you know the man?12.The woman is my mother.You are looking after her.The woman is my mother.13.My grandparents live in a house.The house is more than 100 years old.My grandparents live in a house .14.Last wee
26、k Mary wore the dress.I gave it to her.Last week Mary wore the dress .用定语从句合并句子用定语从句合并句子who/that spoke to the headmaster just now(that/who/whom)you are looking afterwhich/that is more than 100 years old(that/which)I gave to her15.The girl is from America.Her father is a teacher.The girl is from America.16.The room is mine.Its windows face north.The room is mine.whose father is a teacherwhose windows face north
