1、Welcome Unit Grammar LaoziA thousand-mile journey begins with the first step.Discovering Useful Structure 语法之句法 Syntax 句子成分Members of the sentence句子结构Sentence structure句子成分句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。英语：包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语八种。Tim writes his parents an em
2、ail every week and tells them waht happened othe ship.My parents bought me some fruits.Att 定语AttributiveThere are so many trees in our school.DO直接宾语Direct ObjectMy mother doesnt allow me to go out alone in the evening.Welcome UnitTim writes his parents an email every week and tells them waht happene
3、d othe ship.Discovering Useful StructureTim writes his parents an email every week and tells them waht happened othe ship.S V IO DO V IO DO/SPMy dream has come true.句子成分（英文）S 主语ubjectV 谓语 Verb O 宾语ObjectP 表语 Predicative Att 定语AttributiveAdv 状语 Adverbial DO直接宾语Direct Object IO 间接宾语Indirect Object C 宾
4、语补足语 Object Complement A同位语AppositiveS 主语ubject 主语是动作的发出者/被说明的主体。可以充当主语的成分有：名词，代词，名词化的形容词，数词，动词不定式，名词化了的动词或从句等。The weather becomes cold day by day.It is hot today.Swimming is a good sport in summer.The young are mostly ambitious.V 谓语 Verb 谓语表示主语的动作。或具有的特征和状态。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。在英语中，动词按作用和功能主要分为两大类，一类是谓语
5、动词，另一类是非谓语动词。I like walking.I enjoy speaking English.He reads English every morning.O 宾语Object 宾语是动作的承受着。位于及物动词或介词后面。可以做宾语的有：名词，代词，数词，名词化的形容词，不定式，动名词，或从句等。I often play basketball.I like eight.DO直接宾语 Direct ObjectIO 间接宾语 Indirect Object My parents bought me some fruits.He gave me a present yesterday.
6、P 表语 Predicative 表语是对主语的说明。说明主语的身份，特征和状态。一般位于系动词be，become，get，look，grow，turn，seem之后。一般由名词，代词，形容词，数词，非谓语动词等。My new deskmate is an American boy.I will be fifteen next year.She looks beautiful.Att 定语Attributive 定语 修饰和限定主语或宾语。由名词，代词，介词短语，形容词，数词，非谓语动词，副词，从句等作定语。单个的词作定语常放在它所修饰的词之前，短语或从句作定语常放在所修饰词之后。My sch
7、ool is larger than hers.She likes the yellow dress.The car which is black is mine.Adv 状语 Adverbial 状语是修饰和限定动词，形容词，副词和整个句子的成分。能充当状语的有：副词，介词短语，非谓语动词，少数形容词，独立结构，从句等。状语按其用途可分为：时间，地点，原因，结果，目的，条件，让步，程度，方式，伴随，比较等种类。Frankly,I have no money.In order to find a better job,he studies very hard.If it rains tomor
8、row,I will stay at home.C 宾语补足语 Object Complement 宾语补足语 表示 对宾语的补充说明。名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，非谓语动词都可以做宾语补足语。We should keep our room clean and tidy.My mother doesnt allow me to go out alone in the evening.He found it very interesting to ride a horse on the farm.句子结构句子的基本结构指的是简单句的几种基本句型：主谓，主谓宾，主系表，主谓间直宾和主谓宾补。句型
9、结构：主谓 S+VTime flies！We laughed.主谓宾 S+V+OI can speak English.I miss my grandma.主系表S+P 常见的系动词是be动词I am a student.English is very important.主 谓 间宾 直宾S+V+IO DO My mother bought me a schoolbag.My father told me a funny story.主谓宾宾补S+V+O+CI found my classmates friendly and helpful.主谓状S+V+Adv He talked too
10、much.主谓宾状S+V+O+Adv：I had my first maths class at senior high school.There be.某地有某物There is a pen,two books and a toy in my bag.There are so many trees in our school.句子成分排序口诀：主语在前，谓中间，宾语状语排后面；短语定语主宾后，形容词，代词定语，主宾前；间接宾语若在后，直间要用to，for连；宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。We will have an exam next week.My father often tells
11、 me stories about Chairman Mao on sundays.He asked me to help him at school yesterday.主谓宾状S+V+O+Adv：由名词，代词，介词短语，形容词，数词，非谓语动词，副词，从句等作定语。The weather becomes cold day by day.DO直接宾语Direct Object单个的词作定语常放在它所修饰的词之前，短语或从句作定语常放在所修饰词之后。宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。If it rains tomorrow,I will stay at home.Att 定语Attributiv
12、e主 谓 间宾 直宾S+V+IO DOThe car which is black is mine.宾语补足语 表示 对宾语的补充说明。I will be fifteen next year.ExerciseAnalyse basic sentence structures.We laughed.The 100-year-old school lies in the centre of the city.We must act.The maths homework is easy.SV SVA SV SP My mum bought me a new dictionary.Tom is loo
13、king forward to meeting the new exchange student.There is an English Corner at our school.We had chemistry in the newly built lab.SVOC SVIODO SVO SVOAName:Age:We laughed.Name:Age:说明主语的身份，特征和状态。一般由名词，代词，形容词，数词，非谓语动词等。I can speak English.宾补位于宾语后，地状常在时状前。My school is larger than hers.一般位于系动词be，become，g
14、et，look，grow，turn，seem之后。Adv 状语 AdverbialStudying and doing homework seem much more fun.He found it very interesting to ride a horse on the farm.Analyse the structures.My dream has come true.Tim and his classmates are living on a ship.They also learn about ships and the sea.SV SVA SVO Tim writes his
15、 parents an email every week and tells them waht happened othe ship.There is always something exciting to do.Studying and doing homework seem much more fun.S V IO DO V IO DO/SP Reading for WritingStudent Profile Name:Age:Grade:School:Personality:Favourite subject:Chinese,Maths,English,Politics,History.Learning style:Learning by seeing/listening/doing Hobbies:Future plans and dreams:Homework根据以上信息写一篇自我介绍。字数60以上。My name is and I am a student at Beijing Linchuan School.
