1、grammarHas/have been done现在完成时现在完成时(have/has+过去分词过去分词)n现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，现在完成时的动作或情况虽然发生在过去，但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现但它强调的是与现在的关系，用来说明现在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示在的情况。现在完成时不能与表示确定的确定的过去时间的状语过去时间的状语连用连用,如如:yesterday,two weeks ago,in 1978,when I got there 等等.n现在完成时常与现在完成时常与 already,always,often,ever,never,yet,not.yet,j
2、ust等不表示明等不表示明确的时间副词连用确的时间副词连用,还可以和表示时间一直还可以和表示时间一直延续到目前的带延续到目前的带since,for 的状语及包括现的状语及包括现在在内的词连用。如在在内的词连用。如:now,today,this month,this year,recently,these few days 等。等。n1.动作发生在过去,但再说活之前已完成,对现在仍有影响 -Have you had lunch yet?-Yes，I have.Ive just had it.你吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。n2.表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作或状态可能仍然在
3、进行。n He has taught here since 1981 n他自1981年就在这儿教书。nI havent seen her for four years.n我有四年没见到她了。n一般过去时则只表示过去某时发生的动作一般过去时则只表示过去某时发生的动作或情况或情况,与现在毫无关系。与现在毫无关系。nWho has opened the door?谁把门开了？谁把门开了？（现在门还开着）（现在门还开着）Who opened the door?谁开的门？谁开的门？(指过指过去，与现在无关。现在门是关着还是开着，去，与现在无关。现在门是关着还是开着，没有说明。没有说明。)nI have
4、had breakfast.(现在不饿)nI had breakfast.(只强调吃过早饭了,并不涉及现在饿不饿)n1.(07福建)Danny_ hard for long to realize his dream and now he is popular.A.works B.is working C.has worked D.workedn2.(07浙江卷)Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where_ yet.A.hasnt been decided B.havent de
5、cided C.isnt being decided D.arent decidedn3.(08陕西陕西)Did you go to the show last night?Yeah.Every boy and girl in the area _ invited A.were B.have been C.has been D.wasn4.(08重庆重庆)Judy is going to marry the sailor she _ in Rome last year.A.meets B.met C.has met D.would meet现在完成进行时 n构成:has/have been d
6、oingn表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，可能在说话时刻之前刚刚结束也可能还将持续下去n现在完成进行时和现在完成时区别:1.现在完成进行时强调的是在一段时期内某项活动的持续性，强调的是动作本身 2.现在完成时则是强调动作产生的结果或取得的成就，而不是动作本身。n1.My hands are very dirty.Ive been painting the house.n2.I have painted the house green.The house was white,but now its green.n1.(07湖南卷湖南卷)Cathy is taking notes of t
7、he grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School,where she _ English for a year.nA.studies B.studied nC.is studying D.has been studying n(07江西江西)I have got a headache.nNo wonder.You _ in front of that computer too long.nA.work B.are working nC.have been working D.worked现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态n现在完成时的被动语
8、态表示动作发生在过现在完成时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去去,到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响,其其构成是构成是:have/has been+done。例如：。例如：n 1.The dirty clothes have been washed.n 脏衣服都已经洗了。脏衣服都已经洗了。n 2.The plan has been studied by the n experts for three times.n 这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。这项计划已经由专家研究过三次了。n1.-How long _ at this job?n-Since 1990.n A.were
9、 you employed n B.have you been employedn C.had you been employed n D.will you be employednWhen and where to go for the on-n salary holiday _ yet.n A.are not decided n B.have not been decidedn C.is not being decided n D.has not been decidednThat book _into at least 20 foreign languages.nA.has said to be translatednB.has been said to have translatednC.is said that it had been translatednD.is said to have been translated
