1、 - 1 - 阅读理解专题阅读理解专题 13 A Whether you prefer burning the midnight oil or going to bed early so you can get up at the break of dawn depends on your genes,according to experts. I jump out of bed each morning,eager to start an active day.But I can hear my neighbours alarm clock ringing non-stop every mo
2、rning and I doubt he gets to work on time. A lot of noise comes from his flat in the evening.Hes happy to stay up watching TV till after midnight,while I go to bed early and try to sleep. Well,it might not be his fault after all.Im called “a lark(百灵鸟)” and my neighbour “an owl(猫头鹰)”. We all have ins
3、ide “clocks” in the brain to control all kinds of bodily functions and it is reset every day by light.These inside clocks run to a different schedule in “larks” and “owls”.If you have a fast clock,you like to do things early,and if you have a slow clock,you like to do things late. Because we live in
4、 a 24/7 world,scientists believe its important to understand a persons “chronotype”the time of the day when they function the best.It could help us lead a healthier life. A US professor has studied sleeping patterns and thinks work times should be changed and made more individual to fit in with our
5、chronotypes. And he has advice for those who cant choose their working hours:“If thats not possible,we should be more careful about light exposure,” says the professor.“You should try to go to work not in a covered vehicle but on a bike.The minute the sun sets we should use things that have no blue
6、light,like computer screens and other electronic devices.” 【语篇导读】 本文是一篇说明文。作者通过分析自己和邻居不同的作息情况,说明 了每个人都有自己的睡眠类型:有的人晚上的工作效率高,有的人白天的工作效率 高。 但是,如果无法选择工作时间,那么就应在晚上尽量避免蓝色的光,因为蓝色的光 可能会导致睡眠问题。 1.How is the passage mainly developed? A.By presenting and solving problems. B.By explaining the cause-effect relat
7、ionship. C.By giving examples and drawing a conclusion. D.By analyzing differences and providing advice. 答案:D 解析:写作手法题。作者通过分析自己与邻居不同的作息情况,提到这是由于基因的 不同造成的。然后,作者对此提出建议,即不同的人应该采用不同的作息时间。故选 D 项。 2.We can learn from the passage that the authors neighbour . A.almost always gets to work on time B.has to wo
8、rk deep into the night every day C.is passive during the day but energetic at night - 2 - D.is easily woken up by his alarm clock in the morning 答案:C 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“But I can hear.to work on time.”和第三段可 知,作者的邻居白天状态消极,晚上却精力充沛。故选 C 项。 3.Things with blue light are not recommended after sunset becaus
9、e blue light . A.will make you nervous B.may cause sleep problems C.will reduce your work efficiency D.may make you sleepy 答案:B 解析:推理判断题。 根据文章最后一段第一句可知,如果我们无法选择工作时间,不得 不在白天工作而在晚上休息,我们就应该更加注意光的照射,尤其是不要在晚上接 触蓝色的光。由此可推知,蓝色的光可能会导致睡眠问题。故选 B 项。 B (2019 全国卷,A) OPENINGS AND PREVIEWS Animals Out of Paper Yol
10、o!Productions and the Great Griffon present the play by Rajiv Joseph,in which an origami(折纸术) artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.Merri Milwe directs.In previews.Opens Feb.12.(West Park Presbyterian Church,165 W.86th St.212-868-4444.) The Audience Helen Mirren stars in th
11、e play by Peter Morgan,about Queen Elizabeth of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years.Stephen Daldry directs.Also starring Dylan Baker and Judith Ivey.Previews begin Feb.14.(Schoenfeld,236 W.45th St.212-239-6200.) Hamilton Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote t
12、his musical about Alexander Hamilton,in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.Thomas Kail directs.In previews.Opens Feb.17.(Public,425 Lafayette St.212-967-7555.) On the Twentieth Century Kristin Chenoweth and Peter Gallagher star in the musical comedy by Betty Comden and Ado
13、lph Green,about a Broadway producer who tries to win a movie stars love during a cross-country train journey.Scott Ellis directs,for Roundabout Theatre Company.Previews begin Feb.12.(American Airlines Theatre,227 W.42nd St.212-719-1300.) 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了二月份有四部要演出的戏剧。 1.What is the play by Raji
14、v Joseph probably about? A.A type of art. B.A teenagers studio. C.A great teacher. D.A group of animals. 答案:A 解析:细节理解题。由题干 Rajiv Joseph 定位到 Animals Out of Paper 部分,根据本段 中的“.in which an origami artist invites a teenage talent and his teacher into her studio.”可知,这部戏剧是关于折纸艺术的。故选 A 项。 2.Who is the direc
15、tor of The Audience? - 3 - A.Helen Mirren. B.Peter Morgan. C.Dylan Baker. D.Stephen Daldry. 答案:D 解析:细节理解题。 根据 The Audience 部分中的“Stephen Daldry directs.”可知,Stephen Daldry 是 The Audience 的导演。 3.Which play will you go to if you are interested in American history? A.Animals Out of Paper. B.The Audience.
16、 C.Hamilton. D.On the Twentieth Century. 答案:C 解析:细节理解题。根据 Hamilton 部分中的“.in which the birth of America is presented as an immigrant story.”可知,如果对美国历史感兴趣可以观看 Hamilton。 C (2018 全国卷,B) Good Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm
17、in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.An
18、d the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11. “We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant,”she explains.“I pay 5 for a porti
19、on(一份),but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour,water,sugar and oil.Everybody can buy takeaway food,but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.” The eight-part series(系列节目),Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Health,
20、which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market. With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspi
21、ration on a budget.The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一档新节目,其内容为如何在资 金紧张的情况下做出营养可口的饭菜。 1.What do we know about Susanna Reid? A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B.She has started a new programme. C.She disl
22、ikes working early in the morning. D.She has had a tight budget for her family. 答案:B 解析:推理判断题。根据文章的第一段,特别是其中的转折部分“.but she is cooking up a storm in her latest roleshowing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious - 4 - meals on a tight budget.”可知,她最近的角色是教观众如何在资金紧张的情况下做出 营养可口的饭菜。由此推测,她现在开始了一个新
23、节目,所以选 B 项。 2.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna? A.He buys cooking materials for her. B.He prepares food for her kids. C.He assists her in cooking matters. D.He invites guest families for her. 答案:C 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“.with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,whil
24、e preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day.”可知,Matt Tebbutt 在烹饪方面给予了她帮助,所以选 C 项。 3.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A.Summarize the previous paragraphs. B.Provide some advice for the readers. C.Add some background information. D.Introduce a new topic for discussion. 答案:C 解析:推理
25、判断题。作者在第四段中提到“The eight-part series,Save Money:Good Food,follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money:Good Health.”,由此可知,作者写 这一段是为了提供一些有关节目的背景信息,所以 C 项正确。 4.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B.Balancing Our Daily Diet C.Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D.Cooking W
26、ell for Less 答案:D 解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了苏珊娜 里德的新节目 Save Money:Good Food,再结合第一段中的“.how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.”可知,D 项可概括全文的内容。 A、 C 两项以偏概全,B 项无中生有。 D We know the famous onesthe Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bellsbut what about the less famous inventors?
27、What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper(雨刮器)?Shouldnt we know who they are? Joan McLean thinks so.In fact,McLean,a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range,feels so strongly about this matter that shes developed a course on the topic.In addition to l
28、earning “who” invented “what”,however,McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions.According to McLean,“When students learn the answers to these questions,they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more motivated to give inventing a
29、try.” Her students agree.One young man with a patent for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLeans statement.“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention,” said Tommy Lee,a senior physics major,“I would never have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm
30、into something so constructive.” Lee is currently negotiating to sell his patent to an umbrella producer. So,just what is the story behind the windshield wiper?Well,Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City.The day was cold and stormy,but - 5 - Anderson still wanted
31、to see the sights,so she jumped aboard a streetcar.Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield,she found herself wondering why there couldnt be a built-in device for cleaning the window.Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birmingham,Alabam
32、a,Anderson started drafting out solutions.One of her ideas,a lever(操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside,became the first windshield wiper. Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations.Its hard to imagine driving without Garrett A.Morgans traffic ligh
33、t.Its equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J.Blodgetts innovation that makes glass invisible.Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses? 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。我们了解著名人物及其发明,如爱迪生的电灯和 留声机,贝尔的电话等,但是又有多少人知道红绿灯和雨刮器的发明者呢? 1.By mentioning “traffic light” and “windshield wiper”,the
34、 author indicates that countless inventions are . A.beneficial,because their inventors are famous B.beneficial,though their inventors are less famous C.not useful,because their inventors are less famous D.not useful,though their inventors are famous 答案:B 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段内容并结合下文可推断,作者提到交通信号灯、雨刮 器等发明,是想
35、说无数的发明对人类十分有益,虽然它们的发明者没有太大的名气。 故选 B 项。 2.Professor Joan McLeans course aims to . A.add colour and variety to students campus life B.inform students of the windshield wipers invention C.carry out the requirements by Mountain University D.prepare students for their own inventions 答案:D 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段最后
36、一句可知,John McLean 教授开设这门课程的目 的就是让学生有足够的准备去尝试自己发明东西。故选 D 项。 3.Tommy Lees invention of the unbreakable umbrella was . A.not eventually accepted by the umbrella producer B.inspired by the story behind the windshield wiper C.due to his experience of being caught in a snowstorm D.not related to Professor
37、Joan McLeans lectures 答案:B 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段的“If I had not heard the story of the windshield wipers invention.I would never have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so constructive.”可知,Tommy Lee 发明的“不会折断的雨伞” 就是受到了雨刮器背后的故事的激励。故选 B 项。 4.Which of the following can best s
38、erve as the title of this passage? A.How to Help Students to Sell Their Inventions to Producers? B.How to Design a Built-in Device for Cleaning the Window? - 6 - C.Shouldnt We Know Who Invented the Windshield Wiper? D.Shouldnt We Develop Invention Courses in Universities? 答案:C 解析:主旨大意题。 纵观全文,特别是第一段指
39、明了文章的主题,即我们应该了解雨刮 器和红绿灯背后的发明者的故事。故选 C 项。 E (2018 全国卷) If you are already making the time to exercise,it is good indeed!With such busy lives,it can be hard to try and find the time to work out. 1 Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit. Your productivity is
40、 improved.Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 2 Your metabolism(新陈代谢) gets a head start. 3 If you work out in the mornings,then you will be getting the calorie(卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day,not in your sleep. 4 Studies found that people
41、 who woke up early for exercise slept better than those who exercised in the evening.Exercise energizes you,so it is more difficult to relax and have a peaceful sleep when you are very excited. 5 If you work out bright and early in the morning,you will be more likely to stick to healthy food choices
42、 throughout the day.Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food?You will want to continue to focus on positive choices. There are a lot of benefits to working out,especially in the mornings.Set your alarm clock an hour early and push yourself to work out!You will feel energized all
43、 day long. A.You will stick to your diet. B.Your quality of sleep improves. C.You prefer healthy food to fast food. D.There is no reason you should exercise in the morning. E.You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours after exercise. F.After you exercise,you continue to burn calories throughout the
44、 day. G.If you are planning to do exercise regularly,or youre doing it now,then listen up! 答案与解析: 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。锻炼身体的好处很多,尤其是早上锻炼,会让你一 整天都容光焕发。文章主要介绍了锻炼给我们带来的各种好处,最后作者呼吁大家: 定好闹钟,早起锻炼吧! 1.G 解析:此句为过渡句,承上启下。根据下文的“Working out in the morning provides additional benefits beyond being physically fit.”可知,此
45、处表示“假如你计划 定期锻炼,或者现在正在锻炼的话,那么听好了!”,故选 G 项。 2.E 解析:此句为总结句。根据上文可知,此处讲述的是锻炼会使你更加清醒,而 E 项表示“锻炼之后,你可以保持头脑清醒 4 至 10 小时”,与前文相吻合,故选 E 项。 3.F 解析:此句为段中承上启下的过渡句。根据本段开头提到的“Your metabolism gets a head start.”以及后面的“getting the calorie burning”可知,此处表示“锻炼之后, 在一整天里你都会继续燃烧卡路里。”故选 F 项。 4.B 解析:此句为主题句。根据后文可知,研究表明,早起锻炼的人的睡眠质量要好 于晚上锻炼的。此处是指“你的睡眠质量会提高”,故选 B 项。 - 7 - 5.A 解析:此句为主题句。根据后文可知,如果你早上锻炼的话,你更可能一整天都 保持健康的饮食习惯。此处表示“会让你坚持自己的饮食习惯”,故选 A 项。
