1、医学英语视听说(第二版)Unit Twelve First AidMedical English Communication:Listening and Speaking(2nd edition)1ContentsPart I Introduction to the First AidPart II First Aid ways and techniquesPart III Celebrity and First AidPart IV Further Thinking 2Part IVideo:Introduction to the First Aid3Think and Talk It is
2、 very important for everyone to learn some first aid techniques,because you never know when you will need it.If you are very skilled in doing first aid rescue,you will be very calm and confident to act during an emergency.In daily life you may be needed to deal with everyday cuts and scrapes and eve
3、n with asthma,fractures,sunburn,poisons,low blood sugar and more.Emergencies occur every minute;therefore,it is of vital significance to obtain some basic first aid skills for all of us.Reference4Task One:Questions and Answers1.First Aid is the management of sudden illness or injury given before the
4、 emergency service arrives and provide professional medical care.2.No,it is not medical treatment.And it cannot be compared with what a paramedic or doctor would do.Watch and Do5Part I-VideoTask Two:Questions and Answers3.The process requires the combination of compassion,skill and knowledge.4.The p
5、rinciples of first aid are to preserve life,prevent deterioration and promote recovery.5.Providing First Aid and life-saving skills involves following a structured sequence of steps.Each step will impact on the chances of the patient surviving a life-threatening condition.Watch and Do6Part I-VideoTa
6、sk Two:Blank Filling(1)deteriorating (2)professional(3)interactive(4)well-being(5)treatmentWatch and Do(6)qualified(7)alleviating(8)take charge(9)accessible(10)surviving 7 Task Three:Description First Aid is the management of sudden illness or injury given before the emergency service arrives and pr
7、ovide medical care,but it is not medical treatment.Learning to perform First Aid is an interactive process requiring the combination of compassion,skill and knowledge.The principles of First Aid are to preserve life,prevent deterioration,and promote recovery.The First-aider will know how to assess t
8、he situation,provide the relevant medical treatment and call on professional help when appropriate.Watch and Do8Part II First Aidways and techniques 9Part IIFirst Aidways and techniques Video OneChild CPR Video TwoHow to Deal with Foot Cramp AudioHow to Do“Hands-Only”CPR 10Video One Child CPR11Think
9、 and TalkThe following are some tips which may help prevent your child from getting hurt in some accidents:l Keep dangerous stuff out of childs reach,such as power,knife,medicine,etc.l Teach your child how to make a phone call to his or her parents.l Teach your child to watch for cars and ride bikes
10、 safely.l Make sure you follow the guidelines for using childs car seats.l Predict carefully about the potential dangers around your child.l Carefully choose the age-appropriate toys for your child.Reference12Part II-Video OneTask One:True or False1.F 2.F 3.T 4.T 5.FWatch and Do13Part II-Video OneWa
11、tch and DoTask Two:Blank Filling(1)danger (2)conscious (3)Open their airway (4)chin (5)pressure(6)chest (7)Pinch their nose (8)30 (9)push down (10)cycles 14Part II-Video OneTask Three:Description Check for danger before approaching a casualty.Find out if they are conscious by gently tapping their sh
12、oulders and speaking to them.If they dont respond,check whether theyre breathing normally.Open their airway by putting one hand on their forehead and gently tilting their head back.Lift the chin by placing two fingers on the point,taking care not to put any pressure on their neck which could block t
13、heir airway.Look for movements of their chest,feel for breath on your cheek and listen for sounds of breathing for ten seconds.Watch and DoWatch and Do15Part II-Video OneTask Three:Description If they are not breathing normally,give them 5 initial recue breaths.Pinch their nose,seal your mouth over
14、theirs and blow for about a second each.Then place your hand in the middle of their chest and give 30 chest compressions.You need to push down about a 3rd of the depth of their chest and at a rate of 100 per minute.Continue cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths.Watch and DoWatch and D
15、o16Part II-Video OneVideo Two How to Deal with Foot Cramp 17Think and TalkRest.You need to take a rest and protect the sore area.Ice.Cold will reduce pain and swelling.Apply an ice or cold pack right away to prevent or minimize swelling.Apply the ice or cold pack for 10 to 20 minutes,3 or more times
16、 a day.Compression.Compression,or wrapping the injured or sore area with an elastic bandage,will help decrease swelling.Dont wrap it too tightly,because this can cause more swelling below the affected area.Loosen the bandage if it gets too tight.Elevation.Elevate the injured or sore area on pillows
17、while applying ice and anytime you are sitting or lying down.Try to keep the area at or above the level of your heart to help minimize swelling.Reference18Part II-Video TwoTask One:Questions and Answers1.7 steps should be taken.Step 1:Put your weight on the painful foot.Step 2:Walk around.Step 3:Rem
18、ove shoes and socks.Step 4:Flex your toes.Step 5:Massage the affected area.Step 6:Pull toes back.Step 7:Repeat the process.2.OpenWatch and Do19Part II-Video TwoTask Two:Blank Filling1.effected foot 2.walking the pain off 3.in spasm 4.flex your toes 5.massage the foot6.pull your toes back7.the pain s
19、ubsidesWatch and Do20Part II-Video TwoAudioHow to Do“Hands-Only”CPR21Think and Talk If you see someone suddenly collapses and stops breathing,just calling ambulance and waiting arent enough.By the time paramedics arrive,the chance of survival for the possible cardiac arrest victim is often zero.But
20、if a bystander immediately begins to do chest compressions,which is similar to the hearts pumping action,it can buy critical time until the paramedics arrive.Chest compression is the main and only action for hands-only CPR.It is simple and does not involve the mount-to-mouth breathing,which many bys
21、tanders are unwilling to do.Hands-only CPR can also be effective in restoring a victims blood circulation and breathing according to extensive research in various journals all over the globe.Reference22Part II-AudioThink and TalkIt is the newest and easiest way to treat cardiac arrest.All in all,han
22、ds-only CPR is the alternative form of conventional CPR for those who are not trained or certified.It is a method of CPR that requires only the use of your hands to provide chest compressions.Reference23Part II-AudioTask One:Multiple Choice1.C 2.B 3.D 4.A 5.DListen and Do24Part II-AudioTask Two:Ques
23、tions and Answers1.Place your hands,one on top of the other,on the center of the chest.Push hard and fast.Aim for a rate of about one hundred presses in a minute.Chest compressions keep the blood flowing to the brain,heart and other organs.2.The organization says the hands-only method was just as ef
24、fective as traditional CPR in several studies.Scientists say there is enough oxygen remaining in a persons system for several minutes after breathing stops.They also say people need less oxygen when the heart is at rest.Listen and Do25Part II-AudioTask Two:Questions and Answers3.It says traditional
25、CPR with a combination of breaths and compressions should be used for babies and children.4.Because there are many examples of cases where CPR with mouth-to-mouth breathing may be more helpful than hands-only CPR.5.The first aider may make use of some devices(something like CPR mask)to make indirect
26、 contact during the mouth-to-mouth CPR.Listen and Do26Part II-AudioTask Three:Compound Dictation(6)unconscious (7)cardiac arrest (8)Chest compressions (9)enough oxygen(10)CollapseListen and Do(1)brain damage(2)thirty times (3)two breaths (4)getting sick(5)hands-only27Part II-AudioPart IIICelebrity a
27、nd First AidVideo OnePeter Safar and CPRVideo TwoHenry Heimlich and Heimlich Maneuver 28Video OnePeter Safar and CPR29Think and Talk Peter Safar,an Austrian physician,a pioneer in critical care medicine and a three-time Nobel prize nominee for medicine,was generally known as the father of cardiopulm
28、onary resuscitation(CPR).Meanwhile,he is also credited for helping to create the very first intensive care unit in the United States and the first paramedic service.He also pioneered cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation,or CPCR,means of preventing brain damage in persons suffering from cardiac arr
29、est.Peter Safar was born on April 12th,1924,of Jewish ancestry who managed to evade the Nazis as a young man.Safars experiences during the Nazi years had a profound effect on his vision of the world and he worked tirelessly for things like nuclear disarmament,international law,and world peace.Refere
30、nce30Part III-Video OneThink and TalkIn 1966,while Safar was away,his 11-year old daughter Elizabeth fell into an asthma induced coma and died.Safar became convinced and determined that lay people,not just doctors,had to be involved in resuscitation.One year after his daughters death Peter Safar des
31、igned and fulfilled the first ambulance service with a physician and volunteers trained in CPR.As a professor of resuscitation medicine,University of Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,Peter Safar,died from cancer on 3 August 2003,leaving a wife and two sons.Reference31Part III-Video OneTask One:Questions and
32、Answers1.CPR stands for cardio-pulmonary resuscitation.2.It is very likely due to his family background as his father was an ophthalmologist,and his mother was a pediatrician.3.Peter researched basic life support techniques.Watch and Do32Part III-Video OneTask One:Questions and Answers4.A stands for
33、 Airway.B stands for Breathing.C stands for Circulation.5.Along with James Elom,Peter combined several existing procedures from his colleagues at Johns Hopkins to create something he called the ABCs.Today we call this Stuff of Genius CPR.Watch and Do33Part III-Video OneTask Two:True or False1.F 2.F
34、3.T 4.F 5.TWatch and Do34Part III-Video OneTask Three:Description Peter Safar was born in Austria in 1924.His father was an ophthalmologist,and his mother was a pediatrician.After earning his M.D.for medicine from the University of Vienna,Peter moved to Connecticuts Yale-New Haven Hospital in 1950,a
35、nd concluded his studies at the University of Pennsylvania.From there he traveled to several hospitals,eventually settling in Baltimore.Watch and Do35Part III-Video OneTask Three:DescriptionWhile at the Baltimore City Hospital,Peter researched basic life support techniques.Along with James Elom,Pete
36、r combined several existing procedures from his colleagues at Johns Hopkins to create something he called the ABCs,which stands for a patients Airway,Breathing,and Circulation.Today we call this Stuff of Genius CPR.Watch and Do36Part III-Video OneVideo TwoHenry Heimlich and Heimlich Maneuver 37Think
37、 and Talk The term Heimlich maneuver is named after Dr.Henry Heimlich,who first invented it in 1974.Since then it has saved more than 100,000 US lives.Henry Heimlich advocated abdominal thrusts,claiming that back blows were proven to cause death by making foreign objects into the windpipe.For a long
38、 time,Heimlich maneuver were the only recommended treatment for choking in the American Red Cross published guidelines.In 2006,the Red Cross downgraded the use of the technique by recommending back slaps first.In some areas,such as Australia,authorities do not recommend the use of Heimlich maneuver
39、in first aid.They recommend chest thrusts.Henry Heimlich also alleged that his technique could be a treatment for drowning and asthma attacks,but the Red Cross contested his claims.His son,Peter M.Heimlich,also claimed later not to believe the effectiveness of his fathers technique.Reference38Part I
40、II-Video TwoTask One:Multiple Choice1.A 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.BWatch and Do39Part III-Video TwoTask Two:Questions and Answers1.He saved a strangers life using his invention of Heimlich maneuver.2.He thought he was watching history happen.3.He got his arms from behind her and put his fist right above her bel
41、ly button,and exert pressure.4.She was proud and happy.She thought she would have died.5.Last night.Watch and Do40Part III-Video TwoTask Three:DiscussionIdea A:If I encounter the same situation as Dr.Henry Heimlich,I will not do the same thing like him.Because I dont know how to do it.Even if I know
42、 how to do Heimlich maneuver,I will not do it either.Because Patty Gill looks so old and we dont know whether she has other illnesses or not.Idea B:If I encounter the same situation as Dr.Henry Heimlich,I will do the same thing like him.Because life is precious and maybe my action could save her fro
43、m dying.That is a very good experience for me as well as for the victim.Watch and Do41Part III-Video TwoPart VFurther Thinking42Further Thinking Among the first aid skills,the most important one must be CPR.Almost all the first aid training programs include CPR teaching,which covers both chest compr
44、ession and mouth-to-mouth breathing.But nowadays there arise different views about how to do CPR.Some experts argue that CPR should concentrate on blood pumping rather than on mouth-to-mouth breathing,especially when cardiac arrest occurs since it is crucial for the heart to pump blood.As a medical student,what your opinion about how to do CPR and how to inform more people of the first aid knowledge?State your idea within 150 words.43Enjoy Learning！44
