1、导入导入1句子类型/结构简单句并列句复合句2例句I do.Both of us like singing and dancing.We help them and they help us.Nanjing is an attractive city which gives you the impression of being both ancient and modern.(口语）3练习 I have explained everything _I can to you.A.that B.what C.all D.which _ wants to go rafting this weeken
2、d,raise your hands,please.A.Anyone who B.Those who C.Anyone D.WhoIs this the reason _at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A.he explained B.what he explained C.how he explained D.why he explained4练习A whale is a mammal,it is warm-blooded and gives milk to its young.a.whob.which c.which mean
3、s thatd.that5定语从句基本结构 主主 句句先行词先行词 +关系词关系词 +(主语主语)+谓语谓语+(宾语）宾语）6先行词的定位There has been a significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce in Australia.(阅读)Q:Which group of people has seen a significant increase in number in Australia?7先行词的定位1、的，多为adj.或短句
4、2、出现两次以上的名词或代词 这本词典是我爸爸在美国买的。这本词典是我们的英语老师极力推荐的。This dictionary which my father bought in America has been highly recommended by our English teacher.8关系词关系代词：关系代词：who,whom,which,that,whose关系副词：关系副词：when,where,why关系代词as和but910关系词关系词修饰的先行词修饰的先行词在在从句从句中所作的成分中所作的成分Who人主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语Whom人宾语宾语Which物主语、宾语
5、、表语主语、宾语、表语That人或物主语、宾语、表语主语、宾语、表语Whose人或物定语定语When时间名词时间状语时间状语Where地点名词地点状语地点状语why原因名词原因状语原因状语The young lady _ is standing by the window is our English teacher.The dress _I wanted to buy yesterday was sold out.Where is the student _ Professor Hopkins praised at the meeting yesterday?11That is the ma
6、n _ house was broken into by burglars yesterday.He lives in the room _windows face south.12I shall never forget that day _ we moved into a new house.This is the place _John always parks his car.She did not know the reasons _she was fired by her company.13关系词的用法小结1、口语中常用who代替whom，但介词后只能用whom。2、that=w
7、ho/whom/which3、关系代词在从句中作动词宾语宾语时可省略4、关系代词在从句中作表语表语时可省略 John is not the naughty boy(who/that)he used to be.The city is not the one(that)it was years ago.14关系词的用法小结5、whose=of whom/which6、关系副词相当于介词+which 的结构7、that有时可以替代when/where/why/介词+which，其先行词常为the way,the time,the day,the place,the reason等表示时间、地点、方
8、式、理由的名词。口语中that常被省略。8、先行词为the place,the reason,the way时，关系副词常省略15介词和关系代词1、关系代词紧跟介词作介词宾语介词宾语时，不可用that,只能用whom或which；但当介词位于从句句尾时，作为介词宾语的代词仍可用that,或者省略。This is the house in which we lived last year.The woman with whom I went is my aunt.This is the house(which/that)we lived in last year.The issue is a h
9、ot topic(which/that)people are talking about.16介词和关系代词2、在含有介词的动词固定词组动词固定词组中，其介词不可前置，只能在原来位置上。This is the person whom you are looking for.17定语从句口语考试经典句型(名词或代词名词或代词)is the kind of(person/place/thing)who(which/that)is(名词或代词名词或代词)is a(person/place)who(which)gives you the impression of being(名词或代词名词或代词)i
10、s one of the most(形容词形容词)(名词名词)I have ever seen/met/known.(地点名称地点名称)is a place where you can do sth.(时间名词时间名词)is a day(occasion/the time)when you do sth.18The commission acknowledged that neither vast amounts of money nor a large staff can ensure the safety of people who live in the vicinity of a nu
11、clear plant,but it approved the installation because it believed that all reasonable precautions had been taken.尽管该委员会承认数额巨大的钱和大量的工作人尽管该委员会承认数额巨大的钱和大量的工作人员都不能给生活在核电站附近的人以安全保障，员都不能给生活在核电站附近的人以安全保障，但它还是批准了建造但它还是批准了建造(核电站核电站)，因为它相信一切，因为它相信一切可能的防范措施都已经被采用了。可能的防范措施都已经被采用了。19Evidence for this inconsistent
12、 level of performance comes from modern researches and practices which have shown that with skilled training and opportunity for development,people with intellectual disability have much greater potential for acquiring skills and for participation in community life than previously had been thought p
13、ossible.20有关这种不连贯表现的证据来自于现代的研有关这种不连贯表现的证据来自于现代的研究和实践，这些研究和实践已经证明究和实践，这些研究和实践已经证明:有了有了技能培训和发展机遇，与人们以前的看法相技能培训和发展机遇，与人们以前的看法相比，患有智力障碍的人有更大的潜力来获得比，患有智力障碍的人有更大的潜力来获得技能并参加社区生活。技能并参加社区生活。21 For academics whose experience is primarily of study on-campus,there is some challenge in distance education,because
14、 the assumptions which underpin individualized learning may be quite different from those with which they are familiar.对于基本上以在校学习为主的大学生而言，远程对于基本上以在校学习为主的大学生而言，远程教育具有一定的挑战，因为后者侧重自主学习，教育具有一定的挑战，因为后者侧重自主学习，这与大学生所熟知的在校学习为主的方式有很大这与大学生所熟知的在校学习为主的方式有很大不同。不同。22定语从句的分类根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，将定语从句
15、分为：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句23Mr.Jacksons son,who is pursuing his doctoral studies in Australia，came back home last week for holiday stay.Mr.Jacksons son who is pursuing his doctoral studies in Australia came back home last week for holiday stay24对比限制性定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句限定你正在谈论的事物给出附加的非本质信息that可以替换who
16、或者which不能用that和why（whom不可以用who来替代）如果关系代词指的是宾语，可以省略关系代词不可省略无逗号必须有逗号25抓句子主干Such expansion,which was to take the English language west to America and east to India,was supported by scientific developments such as the discovery of magnetism.(剑剑5 阅读）阅读）It is very likely that the key board,which we have u
17、sed for over a century,will soon be replaced by voice-activated computers which take dictation as we speak to them.（阅读）（阅读）26揣测生词的意思Another interest-based procedure is mediation,in which a third party assists the disputants,the two sides in the dispute,in reaching argument.（阅读）（阅读）The most typical r
18、ights procedure is adjudication,in which disputants present evidence and arguments to a neutral third party who has the power to make a decision that must be followed by both disputants.（阅读）（阅读）27口语与写作中的运用Nanjing,which is a great city,attracts many visitors everyday.Michael Jackson,who was my favori
19、te idol,died in 2009.This book,which I have read a few times,is very interesting.In China,the most important traditional festival is Spring Festival,when all the family members would come back home and get together.28n./pron.+prep.+关系代词I have a lot of English books a few of which I bought myself at
20、the Foreign Language Bookstore last year.Greenberg is in a minority among fellow linguists,most of whom favour the notion of a great many waves of migration to account for the more than 1,000 languages spoken at one time by American Indians.（剑七 阅读）29prep.+关系代词+n.In 1960 he came to London,in which ci
21、ty he has lived ever since.The building may be in a conservation area or near housing,in which case it will be much more difficult to consider changes.(剑七 阅读）30which引导非限制性定语从句由which引导的非限制性定语从句，其先行词对应的不仅可以是一个词或短语，也可以是主句的一部分甚至一个完整的句子；而在限制性定语从句中which就绝对不能用于修饰一个句子。31which引导非限制性定语从句(口语)My brother is a bo
22、ok-worm,when deeply absorbed in his books,which he often is,he will forget about everything.(口语)I am quite an outgoing person,which my brother is not.(阅读)Fathers spend less time in housework and childcare,which is regarded by some scientists as a major contributor to the stress-related anxiety of em
23、ployed mothers.32which的其他用法which在一些特定情况下也可用来指人在一些特定情况下也可用来指人1、当先行词是婴儿或儿童时 My elder sister had a baby which was a girl yesterday.He made a face to the child which was in the mothers arm.2、当先行词指人的集体名词时，可以把它看做整体而作为单数名词使用，使用which Yao Ming is very grateful to American public which warmly supports him.33w
24、hich的其他用法3、当先行词是强调某人所具有的性格、人品、素质、地位或职业时，可以用which Bonny is quite different from the girl which I thought her to be.He is a professor which commands our great admiration.34Where的用法Where的先行词通常是表地点或处所的名词，如place,the city,country,street,house,room,village等，但也可以是抽象名词，例如：point,case,condition,situation,stage
25、,position.35whereWe were in a situation where there were no easy solutions.Im almost at the stage where Im ready to quit my job and go into business for myself.Ive reached the point where I feel I should just give up.36关系代词asas可以指人或物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或可以指人或物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语表语1、引导限制性定语从句，相当于who或which It i
26、s one of those things as people used not to know much about.Those as want to come can with me.37as2、限制性定语从句中常与such搭配 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.He was such a listener as most musicians would be glad to welcome.Jeffrey is not such a diligent student as you think.Such people as have
27、 made great contributions to the world should be greatly respected.38as区别Network has such great influence(that)it can make a person famous overnight.suchthat引导结果状语从句结果状语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分，口语中可以省略39as3、the sameas结构的定语从句，as 不可省略(与the samethat的区别）She knew he felt just the same as she did.4、asas(so as),前
28、一个as 为副词，后一个as 为关系代词 He smokes as expensive a cigarette as he can afford.You can take as many candies as you want.We havent so much food as you need.40as5、as 也可以引导非限制性定语从句，所修饰的常常是整个主句内容 He was an Englishman,as they can perceived by his accent.To write a dull book,as any poor writer could do,was unwo
29、rthy of him.The movie is very touching,as most audience say.41as6、as用于as we all know 等句式中She,as we all know,can speak three foreign languages.He is a great hero,as is described in the report.She has made much progress,as we had expected.As is known to the United States,Mark Twain is a great American
30、 writer.Daniel is absorbed in work,as he often was.42关系代词butbut 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语主语。当主句含否定意义时，but可作关系代词引导限制性定语从句，意为“没有什么不”，相当于that not,who not。（注意：but在从句中充当主语时，从句中不会再有其他的主语）43butThere is no man but would be surprised at the news.没有人不对这个新闻感到惊讶。There is no habit so old but may be cured by a strong will.只
31、要有坚强的意志，没有什么老毛病是改不掉的。There is not one of us but wishes to help you.我们之中没有一个人不愿意帮助你的。44that与which1、先行词为不定代词如 anything,nothing,everything,all,any,little,few,none,much,one，something等时用that There is nothing that does not contain contradiction.The conference was similar to any that had gone before.I dont
32、 want to come again.2、先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时用that The third tree that I planted was cut down by someone again.The worst matter that I am afraid of happened in the end.45that与which 3、先行词被all.any,every,few,no,some,the very,the last,the only 等词修饰时用that I have no money that I can spare.Wou
33、ld you please correct any wrong spellings that you find?They pushed open all the windows that remained closed for a whole month.4、先行词既有人又有物时用that He was watching the children and parcels that filled the car.46that与which5、主句是由who或which开头的疑问句时，关系代词用that Which of the books that you bought yesterday was
34、 written by Bacon?6、非限制性定语从句用which，介词后用which7、先行词本身就是that时用which,先行词后有插入语时用 which I have that which you give me.Here is the English grammar book which,as Ive told you,will help improve your English.47that与who先行词是指人的不定代词one,ones,anyone或those时宜用whoThe ones who flatter me dont please me.Those who have
35、good manners will be highly respected.（补充：the one常与定语从句连用）He is the one who suggested I became a teacher.That house is the one where I grew up.48that与who先行词指人且后置定语较长；或先行词与定语从句分割时宜用whoThe boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.There be 开头的句子中宜用whoThere are many young men wh
36、o support him.49transformation1、be动词定语从句的变形 如果关系词which/who/that在定语从句中作主语，后面跟的谓语动词是be动词，则可以将关系词和be动词一起省略。这种用法在阅读和写作考试中非常普遍。50transformationScientists are seeking a drug(which is)able to prolong life.(剑6 阅读)The teacher(who is)giving a lecture now just returned from England.I love the poems(which were)
37、written by Shelly.51transformation2、实义动词定语从句的变形 关系词which/who/that在定语从句中作主语且紧跟在其后的谓语动词为实义动词时，可以省略关系词，此时谓语动词变为现在分词。52transformationResearch,relating to identical twins,has highlighted how significant inherited characteristics can be for an individuals life.That is my home standing at the top of the mo
38、untain.53transformationMy brother,who lived in France for ages,now lives in Beijing.My brother,having lived in France for ages,now lives in Beijing.My mother,who hasnt been used to living in the city,has made up her mind to settle in the country.My mother,not having been used to living in the city,has made up her mind to settle in the country.54
