1、Unit 1People of achievement1.vital adj.至关重要的(be of the greatest importance);生死攸关的 单句填空Enough sleep is vital _the students well-being and health.It is vital that we _(take)measures to prevent the disease from spreading.As far as Im concerned,it is vital_(raise)peoples awareness of environmental prote
2、ction.to/for(should)take to raise(1)be vital to/for.对重要it is vital to do.做是重要的it is vital that.(should)do sth 重要的是(2)vitally adv.极其;绝对 一句多译重要的是,我们应从失败中吸取教训。正如谚语所说:“失败乃成功之母。”_something from failure.Just as the saying goes,“Failure is the mother of success.”(主语从句)_something from failure.Just as the sa
3、ying goes,“Failure is the mother of success.”(it作形式主语)Whats vital is that we should learnIts vital that we(should)mit vt.承诺;保证(某个人、机构等)(promise sincerely)vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活动等)(devote)单句填空The local government has committed large amount of money_housing projects.The government committed _(it)to reducin
4、g taxes.The poor woman made a_(commit)that she would take care of her children forever.The contract commits him to_(play)for the next three years.toitselfcommitmentplaying(1)commit sb to(doing)sth 使某人承诺(做)某事commit oneself to(doing)sth 答应(做)某事commit suicide/a crime/a murder 自杀/犯罪/谋杀(2)make a commitme
5、nt 做出承诺3.evaluate vt.评价;评估(assess)单句填空The students should rewrite their papers and submit them for their final_(evaluate).Dont evaluate people _their clothes.evaluationon(1)evaluate on 根据评价某人(2)evaluation n.评估4.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得;赢得(receive,get)vi.(规章、习俗等)存在(exist);流行单句填空Further information can_(ob
6、tain)from head office.The results are obtained_repeated experiments.First editions of these books are now almost impossible_(obtain).John_(obtain)his parents permission before he went abroad.be obtainedthroughto obtainhad obtained(1)obtain sth from sb/sth 从某人/某物获得某物obtain sth through 通过获得(2)obtainab
7、le(=available)可获得的注意get、obtain、acquire、gain 都含“得到;获得”的意思。get指“以某种方法或手段得到某种东西”,如:Did you get my telegram last Sunday?上星期天你收到我的电报了吗?obtain是较正式用语,常指“通过努力工作、奋力或请求而得到所需的东西”,如:He obtained experience through practice.他通过实践获得了经验。acquire强调“经过漫长的努力过程而逐渐获得”,如:We should try to acquire good habits.我们应该努力养成良好的习惯。
8、gain往往指“通过努力或有意识行动而获得某种有益的东西”,如:I hope you will gain greater success.我希望你们能获得更大的成就。5.acknowledge vt.承认(accept or admit);确认;答谢单句填空He finally acknowledged _(make)a mistake._is acknowledged that the shortest distance between persons is a sincere smile.having madeIt(1)acknowledge sb/sth to be/as.认为某人/某物
9、是;承认某人/某物是acknowledge doing/having done sth承认做了某事acknowledge that.承认It is universally acknowledged that.是大家公认的(2)acknowledgement n.承认;感谢一句多译众所周知,除非我们创造一个污染更少的世界,否则我们不可能看到更蓝的天空。_ unless we create a less polluted world.(it作形式主语)_ unless we create a less polluted world.(定语从句)It is acknowledged that we
10、can never expect a bluer skyAs is acknowledged,we can never expect a bluer sky6.defeat n.失败;挫败(failure to win or to be successful)vt.击败;战胜(win a victory over)用defeat、beat、win的正确形式填空We_their team by ten points.Jack _the race at last.In that battle,our soldiers_the enemy.At the school sports meeting,m
11、y class _Class 3 and _the basketball match.defeated/beatwondefeated wondefeated/beat(1)defeat sb in a match 在比赛中击败某人defeat.by 以战胜(2)admit/acknowledge defeat 承认失败suffer defeat 遭受失败注意defeat/beatdefeat和beat都可以表示在比赛或竞争中打败某人或某个团体;defeat还可表示在战场上打败敌人,beat还可意为“(连续/有规律地)敲打;(心脏等)跳动”winwin的宾语多是game、war、prize等,
12、不能是人或比赛方7.conclusion n.结论;推论单句填空John said he could conclude _Janes expression that Jane had stolen his money.In_(conclude),I would like to thank everybody who helped me.fromconclusion(1)draw/come to/reach a conclusion得出结论make a conclusion下结论bring.to a conclusion使结束in conclusion最后;总之(2)conclude vt.&v
13、i.断定;推断出;结束;终止;达成;缔结(协定)conclude sth with.以结束某事conclude sth(from sth)=conclude(from sth)that.(从中)推断出to conclude总而言之;最后注意表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有in short、in brief、in a word、all in all、to sum up、briefly speaking等。8.circumstance n.usually pl.条件;环境;状况(condition)in/under no circumstances 决不(置于句首,句子要用倒装语序)in/under
14、 the circumstances 在这种情况下;既然这样in/under any circumstances 在任何情况下if circumstances allow/permit 如果情况允许9.found vt.创立;建立(establish,set up);把建立在(base)单句填空He was one of the_(found)of the universitys medical faculty.Tsinghua University,_(found)in 1911,is one of the best universities in China.foundersfounded
15、 (1)found on/upon 建立在之上;以为基础或根据(2)founder n.建立者;发起人foundation n.基础;基金1.insist on坚持;一定要单句填空The old man insisted _staying with me in the forest that evening.I insisted that they_(wait)for our return.Mike insisted that he _(be)right.on/upon(should)waitwasinsist on/upon(doing)sth 坚持(做)某事insist后接从句时,表示“坚
16、持说”,从句用陈述语气;表示“坚持要求”,从句用虚拟语气,即“(should+)动词原形”。注意insist on指的是坚持认为、坚决主张或坚决要求,其后接名词或动名词作宾语。stick to指的是坚持立场、观点、原则、决定、计划、诺言、意见等,有“执意不改变”之意,通常后接名词或代词。2.take up 占用(时间/空间);继续;开始(从事);接受(adopt);拿起写出下列句子中take up的含义Playing computer games and watching TV take up much of my spare time.When did you take up paintin
17、g?Tom took up the story where John had left off.Are you going to take up the challenge?Mrs Green took up her bag and left the room.占用开始从事继续接受拿起take away 带走;夺走take back 收回(说过的话)take down 写下;记下;拆除take.for granted 认为理所当然take in 吸收;接纳;领会;欺骗take off 脱掉(衣服等);(飞机)起飞;(事业)腾飞take on 呈现;雇用;承担;从事take over 接管;接手
18、;接替3.非限制性定语从句Later,the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered.后来,这种药物被用于在疟疾患者身上做试验,大部分人都康复了。单句填空More than twenty people were injured in the accident,most of _were rushed to hospital nearby.Cooperation or teamwork,the importance of _is stressed,plays an important part in footb
19、all matches.whomwhich本句是一个含有非限制性定语从句的复合句。主句是the medicine was tested on malaria patients,most of whom recovered是“不定代词+of+关系代词”引导的定语从句。“不定代词/数词/名词+of+关系代词”引导定语从句时可在从句中作主语,说明整体中的一部分。注意在非限制性定语从句中,当先行词指人时,关系代词用whom;先行词指物时,关系代词用 which。The newly-built caf,the walls of which are painted light green,is reall
20、y a peaceful place for us,specially after hard work.新建的咖啡馆,墙粉刷成淡绿色,这里对我们来说真的是一个安宁的地方,尤其是在劳累的工作后。4.独立主格结构He made numerous contributions to the world,the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc2.他为世界做出了许多贡献,其中最著名的是广义相对论和E=mc2公式。单句填空The work _(finish),they lef
21、t the office and went home.The exam _(hold)tomorrow,I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.The students _(do)all the exercises,the teacher went on to explain the text.She _(be)absent,the meeting had to be put off.finishedto be heldhaving donebeing(1)分词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语;但有时分词(短语)有自己的主语,这种结构称为独立主格结构,独立主格
22、结构在句中作状语。(2)独立主格结构的基本形式:名词/代词+现在分词(表示主动和进行)名词/代词+过去分词(表示被动和已经完成)名词/代词+不定式(表示将要发生的动作)名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/名词(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)with+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语/副词/动词不定式1提升练习提升练习1.He held a number of(patent)for his many innovations.2.Over the years several similar(theory)have been put forward.3.(2021天津
23、第一次)Society pushes us to specialize,to become experts.This requires_(commit)to a particular occupation,branch of study or research.4.(2020全国)As the small boat moved _(gentle)along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.5.The weather turned out to be f
24、ine,was more than I could expect.patentstheoriescommitmentgentlywhich6.It was a pity that we _(defeat)in the final last month.7.When Linda got home,_ suddenly hit her that she had left her schoolbag in the bus.8.(2020浙江)I couldnt see Don,but as I approached the tractor he jumped out onto the road,_(
25、apparent)unhurt,and dashed back to me.9.(2021浙江1月)The _(science)discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda,and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.10.(2020全国)As a(novel),Ive found a new relationship with libraries.11.(2021天津)Most universities host welcome events before the(academy)year officially begins,including freshmen orientations(迎新会),campus picnics,and entertainments like concerts.were defeateditapparentlyscientistsnovelistacademic
