1、特特 殊殊 句句 式式1倒倒 装装完全倒装完全倒装部分倒装部分倒装谓语部分全部提谓语部分全部提前到主语之前前到主语之前只将助动词、系动只将助动词、系动词或者情态动词提词或者情态动词提前到主语之前前到主语之前21 1.here,there,now,thus,then.here,there,now,thus,then位于句首，动词位于句首，动词又为又为be,go,comebe,go,come等，应完全倒装等，应完全倒装。来了一辆来了一辆2路汽车。路汽车。_ _ a No.2 bus.起飞的命令到了起飞的命令到了_ _ the order to take offThencameHere2.以以awa
2、y,off,out,in,up,down,onaway,off,out,in,up,down,on 等方位副词开头，等方位副词开头，且动词为表且动词为表“移动移动”的词：的词：go,come,leave,fly,rush,go,come,leave,fly,rush,fall,dropfall,drop等等,用全部倒装用全部倒装冲出了一条狗冲出了一条狗_ _ a dog.Outrushed comes3(09福建）福建）For a moment nothing happened.Then _ all shouting together.A.voices had come B.came voic
3、es C.voices would come D.did voices come B43.当表示地点的介词词组位于句首，并且主当表示地点的介词词组位于句首，并且主语为名词，谓语为不及物动词时，用完全倒语为名词，谓语为不及物动词时，用完全倒装。装。1.In the dark forests _,some large enough to hold several English towns.(2005辽辽宁宁,35)A.stand many lakes B.lie many lakesC.many lakes lie D.many lakes stand B唐山的南面有一个大湖泊。唐山的南面有一个
4、大湖泊。South of Tangshan lies a big lake.5 4.完全倒装也用于完全倒装也用于“表语表语+连系动词连系动词+主语主语”中。中。注意：这种结构中主语较长注意：这种结构中主语较长e.g.妇女被看不起的日子一去不复返了妇女被看不起的日子一去不复返了_ _ the days when women were looked down upon.Goneare 完全倒装中应注意的是：完全倒装中应注意的是：1)当主语为代词时动词不提前当主语为代词时动词不提前！Out rushed he!2)只用一般现在时或一般过去时只用一般现在时或一般过去时Correct the follo
5、wing:Out he rushed!There was the train going.There went the train.61.如果如果never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,barely,little,at no time,not once,by no means,not 和和not until等否定意义的副词或连词或短语等否定意义的副词或连词或短语位于句首时，要用部分倒装。位于句首时，要用部分倒装。1)Not until I came home last night _ to bed.A.Mum did go B.did Mum go C.went Mum D.
6、Mum went B2)我一个字没说呀我一个字没说呀Not a single word did I say!(09 四川）四川）72.表示表示“刚刚刚刚就就”No soonerthan,和和hardlywhen,结构中，要用部分倒装。结构中，要用部分倒装。他刚刚出去就开始下雨了他刚刚出去就开始下雨了Hardly had he gone out when it began to rain.=No sooner had he gone out than it began to rain.3.Only+状语状语置于句首时用部分倒装置于句首时用部分倒装。注意。注意:only+状语从句状语从句置于句首时
7、，其置于句首时，其主句主句部分倒装部分倒装Correct the following:Correct the following:1)Only can the teachers enter the room.2)Only when the war ended he was able to work.was he84.在句型在句型“sothat”和和“suchthat”中，如果中，如果so或或such提前放在句首时，提前放在句首时，前半句半倒装后半句不倒装前半句半倒装后半句不倒装;not onlybut also连接分句时，连接分句时，not only 所引导的分所引导的分句倒装。句倒装。So
8、sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape.(09山东）山东）A.did the attack B.the attack did C.was the attack D.the attack was.So difficult _it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.(2006广东广东,33)A.I did find B.did I find C.I have found D.have I foundCB3)Not only everything was tak
9、en from him,but also his German citizenship.改错改错was everything95.在在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，可表语，动词状引导的让步状语从句中，可表语，动词状语提前，若从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。语提前，若从句的表语是名词，其名词前不加任何冠词。._,he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class.(2005重庆重庆,27)A.A quiet student as he may be B.Quiet student as he may beC.Be a qu
10、iet student as he may be D.Quiet as he may be a student._,Carolina couldnt get the door open.(2005广广东东,23)A.Try as she might B.As she might try C.She might as try D.Might she as tryBA(3)Unsatisfied _ with the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience.(09 重庆）重庆）A.though was he B.though
11、 he wasC.he was though D.was he thoughB106.“So/neither/nor+be/助动词或情态动词助动词或情态动词+主语主语”构构成部分倒装，表示成部分倒装，表示“另一方也如此另一方也如此”；但是如果只把；但是如果只把So/nor等提前构成：等提前构成：so/nor/neither+主语主语+be等，其含等，其含义为：义为：“确实确实”，所谈论的，所谈论的主语是同一人或物主语是同一人或物。e.g.1)他去过纽约几次，我也去过。他去过纽约几次，我也去过。He has been to New York several times.So have I.2)-
12、It is so cold today.-So it is and so was it yesterday.确实冷确实冷昨天也冷昨天也冷11.-I reminded you not to forget the appointment.(2006江西江西,31)-_A.So you did B.So I do not C.So did you D.So do I.Father,you promised!(2005湖北湖北,34)Well,_.But it was you who didnt keep your word first.A.so was I B.so did I C.so I was
13、 D.so I didAD倒装小结倒装小结全部倒装全部倒装 1_ 2_ 3_ 4_部分倒装部分倒装 1_ 2_ 3_ 4_ 5_6_12It is/was+被强调成分被强调成分+that+句子其他部分句子其他部分有时态变化有时态变化通常为主语、通常为主语、宾语和状语宾语和状语被强调部分被强调部分为人时，可为人时，可以用以用who去掉去掉it is that句子仍句子仍然完整然完整判判 断断一般疑问一般疑问特殊疑问特殊疑问131.It was in this way that he could finish the work so quickly.2.It is I that is comple
14、tely right.3.It was after being beaten for six times that he and his men drove the English out of Scotland.4.It is then that the new type of camera was developed.5.It were my classmates that helped me whenever I was in trouble.6.It was this hotel that we stayed last night.amwaswasat14It was by the t
15、ime he was fourteen that Einstein had already taught himself advanced mathematics.It was Einstein that had already taught himself advanced mathematics.Was it by the time he was fourteen that Einstein had?Was it Einstein that had already?15It was in this way that he could finish the work so quickly.I
16、t was the long low whistle that she would hear at night.What It was after being beaten for six times that he and his men drove the English out of Scotland._ was it that he could finish?_ was it that she would hear?_was it that he and his men drove?HowWhatWhen16Where did you buy the book?What made th
17、e little boy so angry?I dont know what.Where was it that you bought the book?What was it that made the little boy so angry?I dont know what it was that made the little boy so angry.17It was not until she got home_ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.(2006全国全国II）A.when B.that C.where D.beforeIt w
18、as after he got what he had desired _ he realized it was not so important.(2006 辽宁）辽宁）A.that B.when C.since D.asIt _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common.(07)A.was until;when B.was until;thatC.wasnt until when D.wasnt until;thatBAD18-Where did you get to know
19、 her?-It was on the farm _ we worked.(07 山东）山东）A.that B.there C.which D.whereI dont know _ it was _ made him from attending the meeting?A.the reason/B.whybecauseC.whatthat D.why/DC191.“主语主语+think(believe,say,imagine,suppose,suggest,expect,consider,guess 等等)”用做插入语，用做插入语，形形 式：式：判断准则：判断准则：去掉插入语句子成分仍然完整
20、。2.“do+主语主语+think(believe,say,imagine,suppose,suggest,expect,consider 等等)”在特殊疑问句中放在疑问词后用做插入语，在特殊疑问句中放在疑问词后用做插入语，20-Do _ you think is right,whatever others say.-Yes,I will.A.that B.what C.which D./去掉插入语后，看从句中缺少什么成分再进去掉插入语后，看从句中缺少什么成分再进行选择行选择B21注意插入语后不再加连词。注意插入语后不再加连词。1.你认为他们什么时候回来？你认为他们什么时候回来？When do
21、 you believe they will be back?改错改错1）Who do you believe that will win the game?2)The scientist had made another discovery,what I believe is of great importance.which定语从句中也常用插入语，注意结构分析定语从句中也常用插入语，注意结构分析22All finished,we sat down to enjoy _ we thought the most delicious dinner.A.that B.which C.what D.
22、ifWhere do you suggest we(should)go during the summer holiday?注意：当插入语部分含有注意：当插入语部分含有suggest时，句子时，句子的谓语部分要用的谓语部分要用should do,should可以省可以省略。略。C231.He was a fool to have ever left them,he thought.2.What is it,do you think?3.It must cost a good deal to live here,dont you think?4.The view he put forward,I
23、 think,is worth paying attention to.Read the followingRead the following241.The pen I _ I _ is on my desk,right under my nose.A.think,lost B.thought,had lost C.think,had lost D.thought,have lost2.On the bus I saw a student_ I thought was your brother.A.who B.whom C.which D.whoeverPracticePracticeBA2
24、53._ first in the swimming competition?A.Whom do you think cameB.Who you think did comeC.Who do you think came out D.Who did you think come 4._ be sent to work there?A.Who do you suggestB.Who do you suggest that shouldC.Do you suggest who shouldD.Do you suggest whom shouldCA26感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子。感叹句
25、是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子。一般由一般由how或或what开头。开头。用用what howwhat how 填空，然后归纳句型结构：填空，然后归纳句型结构：1._ news you have told us!2._ great progress he has made!3._ long rivers they are!4._ a tall tree it is!5._ deep a hole this is!6._ delicious the food is!7._ sad the news is!WhatWhatWhatHow HowHowWhat8._ I love you-beau
26、tiful girl!How27归纳归纳：1.What可以修饰可以修饰？so/too/as/how so/too/as/how such2.what 的结构用法和的结构用法和_ 一样？一样？1）U 2)C 3)pl 4)a/an+N 3.How 在感叹句中的用法有在感叹句中的用法有?4.与与 how 的结构用法相似的有的结构用法相似的有?Translate the following:1）这棵树太高了爬不上去）这棵树太高了爬不上去This is too tall a treetoo tall a tree to climb.2）这条河流和那条一样长。）这条河流和那条一样长。This is as
27、 long a riveras long a river as that one.3)他是如此努力的学生，我们都佩服他。他是如此努力的学生，我们都佩服他。So hardworking a studentSo hardworking a student is he that we admire him.281)You and I could hardly work together,_?A.could you B.couldnt I C.couldnt we D.could we(09湖南湖南)D2)He must be helping the old man to water the flow
28、ers,_?A.is he B.isnt he C.must he D.mustnt he B29完成句子并归纳用法：完成句子并归纳用法：1.You have never read Mark Twains stories,_?2.He has few friends here,_?3.He look unhappy today,_?4.You dislike football,_?归纳一：陈述部分带有归纳一：陈述部分带有否定意义否定意义的词时，视为否定的词时，视为否定句，如句，如:seldom/never/hardly/rare/nothing/little/few等，附加部分用肯定形式。但是
29、带有通过加等，附加部分用肯定形式。但是带有通过加后后缀，前缀缀，前缀构成的否定意义的词时，视为肯定句，附构成的否定意义的词时，视为肯定句，附加部分用否定形式。加部分用否定形式。have youhas hedoesnt hedont you301.Come in and sit down,_?2.Give me a hand,_?3.Dont make so much noise,_?4.Let us have another try,_?但是但是：Lets take a break,_?will/wont youwill/wont youwill youwill youshall we归纳二归
30、纳二:肯定形式的祁使句肯定形式的祁使句,+will you或或wont you?否定形式的祁使句否定形式的祁使句,+will you?311.He said that he was late for school this morning,_?2.Tom didnt turn up until we were about to leave,_?3.Its the first time that he has visited Beijing,_?但是但是:I believe/think/suppose/imagine/expect that he has told a lie,_?didnt h
31、edid heisnt ithasnt he归纳三归纳三:在主从复合句中在主从复合句中,附加部分应根据主句附加部分应根据主句部分确定但在部分确定但在I believe/think/suppose/imagine/expect/I am sure等主从复合句中，等主从复合句中，根据从句确定根据从句确定注意注意:主语必须是主语必须是I/we和否定转移和否定转移.32情态动词表推测时的反意疑问句情态动词表推测时的反意疑问句:He must be a doctor,_?He must have read the book,_?He must have seen the film last night,
32、_?You must have stayed here for five days,_?The man must have been a soldier when he was young,_?isnt hehasnt hedidnt hehavent you归纳四：归纳四：must 表推测时，附加部分视具体情况表推测时，附加部分视具体情况而定要特别注意而定要特别注意must后跟的动词后跟的动词,be还是还是do.wasnt he33 省略可分词法、句法和替代三种形式省略可分词法、句法和替代三种形式一、词法省略：一、词法省略：改错：改错：I had a good time at Mr Smit
33、h.1.名词所有格后的名词指商店、住宅、办公室等地点时名词所有格后的名词指商店、住宅、办公室等地点时可以省略这些名词可以省略这些名词The teacher came in,a book in hand2.独立结构中常用独立结构中常用“名词名词+介词介词+名词名词”的结构的结构Smiths The rainy weather has lasted a whole week3.last“持续持续”，时间状语前可省介词，时间状语前可省介词 for。344.动词不定式中注意：动词不定式中注意：1）并列结构中为了避免重复常省）并列结构中为了避免重复常省略略 to。2）当两个不定式有对照或对比时则后一个）
34、当两个不定式有对照或对比时则后一个to不省。不省。3）在）在 why,why not所引导的特殊疑问句中省略所引导的特殊疑问句中省略 to,而直而直接加动词原形。接加动词原形。4)介词介词but或或except前如有前如有do/does/did 包括包括do的完成形式时，省略的完成形式时，省略but后的后的 to。改错：改错：a:Im really puzzled what to think or to say.b:I came not to scold but praise you.to c:Why talked so much about it?talk d:I will do it fo
35、r you but I dont know how to.=I dont know how to do it for you.e:He has no choice but accept the fact.tof:I have done nothing today except to read.35承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词承前省略的动词不定式如果有助动词have 或或be，则保留，则保留be 或或have。Read and pay attention to the following:1)-Are you a teacher?-No,but I used to be(a teacher)
36、.be(a teacher).2)-He hasnt finished the work yet.-Well,he ought to havehave (finished the work).(finished the work).36二、句法的省略二、句法的省略请分析下面例句可以省略什么。请分析下面例句可以省略什么。1)He has gone but no one knows where he has gone.2)Someone has taken my dictionary but I dont know who has taken it.3)I did as I had been to
37、ld.4)Her mouth is moving as if she is eating something.5)While I was waiting,I was reading a book.分析总结：分析总结：1.wh-clause 所引导的宾语从句中的谓语与所引导的宾语从句中的谓语与主句相同，则从句中可以只保留主句相同，则从句中可以只保留wh-连词。连词。2）状语从句）状语从句中的主语和主句的一致或从句的主语是中的主语和主句的一致或从句的主语是 it，且含，且含be时，可时，可省从句中的主语和省从句中的主语和“be”。6)If it is possible,come and see me next week.37三、替代省略：三、替代省略：用用so,not或或it代替，而省略上文某些内容。常见的代替，而省略上文某些内容。常见的有下列：有下列：How so?Why so?Is that so?I dont think so.He said so.I believe notI hope notI suppose not 38
