1、中考语法中考语法被动语态被动语态 单项选择完形填空阅读理解词汇应用A词汇应用B写作C O N T E N S目目 录录内容一：被动语态定义内容二:被动语态构成内容三：被动语态应用 （结合不同时态）内容四：被动语态特殊用法及注意事项被动语态的定义被动语态的定义0101 被动语态(passive voice)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。e.g.Many people speak English.(many people 是 speak 动作的执行者)English is
2、spoken by many people.(English 与speak 是动作的承受者)被动语态的构成被动语态的构成0202 被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被、受、给”等被动词来表示被动意义。其结构是由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词done”构成的。be本身无词义，但有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化与时态中的变化一致。English is spoken by many people.Some pens were bought for his children by him.Panckes are eaten by me ever
3、y morning.主动语态的主语变为被动语态的宾语，并用介词by连接。谓语动词改为被动形式：be+done.主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（主谓一致）e.g.Many people speak English.e.g.English is spoken by many people.e.g.I eat pancakes every morning.Panckes are eaten by me every morning.e.g.The boy broke the window yesterday.The window was broken by the boy yesterday.e.
4、g.His mother will punish the naughty boy.The naughty boy will be punished by his mother.e.g.My father is repairing my bike.My bike is being repaired by my father.e.g.They were carrying the hurt player then.The hurt player was being carried by them.e.g.Tom has translated this book into many languages
5、.This book has been translated into many languages by Tom.现在进行时或过去进行时都是现在进行时或过去进行时都是“be+doing”“be+doing”的形式，的形式，人称、时和数人称、时和数的变化只在的变化只在bebe动词体现动词体现。而被动态则是。而被动态则是“be”“be”加上加上being donebeing done的形式，的形式，“being done”“being done”是是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动语语态是被动态是被动语语态的重点，容易搞错。态的重点，容易搞错。不同时态的被
6、动语态不同时态的被动语态 主动语态被动语态 一般时现在：do(v-s 或 v-es)现在：be（am/is/are)done过去：did过去：was/were done将来：will do将来：will be done进行时现在：be/is/are doing现在：is/are being done过去：was/were doing过去:was/were being done完成时现在：have/has done现在：have/has been done过去：had done过去：had been donee.g.We believe him.被被:He is believed by us.e
7、.g.He bought his children some pens.被:Some pens were bought for his children by him.e.g.Everyone will know the truth soon.被:The truth will be known by everyone.e.g.Mary is making a doll.被:A doll is being made by Mary.e.g.They were painting the wall.被被:The wall was being painted by them.e.g.He has re
8、ceived the letter.被被:The letter has been received by him.含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有“can、may、must、need、should”等，分别表示“能够被”，“可以被”，“必须被”，“需要被”，“应该被”等。e.g.We must keep this in mind.我们必须把这个记在心里。被动:This must be kept in mind.e.g.We can put the refrigerator in that place.我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。被
9、动:The refrigerator can be put in that place.I should be criticized for it.我应该为此受到批评。e.g.将下列句子变成被动语态。将下列句子变成被动语态。1.They threw away the old book yesterdayThe old book was thrown by them yesterday.2.He had written a letter to his mother.A letter had been written to his father by him.3.People have seen
10、the bear in this village.The bear has been seen by the people on this village.4.The workers are repairing the bridge.The bridge is being repaired by the workers.将下列句子变成被动语态。将下列句子变成被动语态。5.You shouldnt bring dictionary to the English exam.The dictionary shouldnt be brought to the English exam.1.The bo
11、y _ to get supper ready after school.C A.were told B.is telling C.was told D.tells2.The earth is a planet and it _ around the sun.A A.goes B.went C.was gone D.is gone3.This dictionary mustnt_ from the library.DA.take away B.taken away C.are taken away D.be taken away4.The Peoples Republic of China _
12、 on October 1,1949.DA.found B.were founded C.is founded D.was found5.Why didnt you come to Jennys birthday party yesterday？CBecause I _.A.didnt invite B.isnt invited C.wasnt invited D.havent invited不同时态的被动语态不同时态的被动语态0303不同时态的被动语态不同时态的被动语态 主动语态被动语态 一般时现在：do(v-s 或 v-es)现在：be/is/are done过去：did过去：will b
13、e done将来：will do将来：was/were done进行时现在：be/is/are doing现在：is/are being done过去：was/were doing过去:was/were being done完成时现在：have/has done现在：have/has been done过去：had done过去：had been done主语主语+be+过去分词过去分词+（by）eg.He is often asked to do this work(by his boss).肯定句：肯定句：被动语态由被动语态由助动词助动词be+及物动词的过及物动词的过去分词去分词构成。助动
14、词构成。助动词be 有人称、数有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为作为连系动词时完全一样。连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：主语主语+be not+过去分词过去分词+（by）eg.I am not invited to the party(by him).否定句：否定句：被动语态由被动语态由助动词助动词be+及物动词的过及物动词的过去分词去分词构成。助动词构成。助动词be 有人称、数有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为作为连系动词时完全一样。连系动词时完全一
15、样。被动语态的肯被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：Be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+（by）？）？eg.Are your clothes washed by yourself?一般疑问句：一般疑问句：被动语态由被动语态由助动词助动词be+及物动词的过及物动词的过去分词去分词构成。助动词构成。助动词be 有人称、数有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为作为连系动词时完全一样。连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：疑问词疑问词+be+主语主语+过去分词过去分词+（
16、by）？）？eg.What is this sweater made of?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句：被动语态由被动语态由助动词助动词be+及物动词的过及物动词的过去分词去分词构成。助动词构成。助动词be 有人称、数有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为作为连系动词时完全一样。连系动词时完全一样。被动语态的肯被动语态的肯定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：定式、否定式及疑问式列表如下：（2019年包头中考）3.Why did you leave that position?I _a better position in another factory.A.offerB.
17、offered C.am offeredD.was offered（2018中考词汇A）70.Mark was the only student that was _ to attend the meeting.(choose)（2019中考词汇A）72.The new bridge,which is sea crossing,has been _and ready for us.(complete)被 动 语 态 特 殊 用 法被 动 语 态 特 殊 用 法0404当强调动作的承受者时。当强调动作的承受者时。Eg.This book was written by LuXun.当没有必要说出动
18、作的执行者或者根本不知道动作的执行者是谁时。当没有必要说出动作的执行者或者根本不知道动作的执行者是谁时。Eg.The window was broken.当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。例：当动作的执行者不是人时，多用被动语态。例：The window was blown by wind.窗户被风吹开了。The whole village has been washed away by the flood.整个村庄都被洪水冲走了。冲走了。It is said that+从句及其他类似句型从句及其他类似句型It is said that据说It is reported that据报道It
19、is believed that大家相信It is well-known that众所周知2.带有双宾语的动词的被动语态其被动语态有两种主动语态：I gave him a book.被动语态：He was given a book by me.被动语态：A book was given to him by me.当直接宾语（物）作为主语时，间接宾语前面加上相应的介词(to/for)。3.含有助动词的被动语态带有助动词的句子转化为被动语态时，这些助动词或情态动词要根据新主语做相应的变化.主动语态：We shall not use the washing machine again.被动语态：Th
20、e washing machine will not be used again.4.含有宾补的被动语态当当动词动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语结构变为被动语态时，将宾语结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette.The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.5.使役动词的被动语态在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但
21、变为被动结构时，要加to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building.A stranger was seen to walk into the building.6.动词词组的被动语态有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如动词+介词，动词+副词等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。We will put off the meeting till Friday.The meeting will be put off till Friday.谓语动词主动形式表被动感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：感官
22、系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain等。等。(1)Do you like the material?Yes,it feels very soft.误：It is felt very soft.(2)The food tastes delicious.误：The food is tasted delicious.(3)The pop music sounds beautiful.误：The pop music is sounded beautiful.谓语是及物动词谓语是及物动词leave,enter,reach,suit,ha
23、ve,benefit,lack,own等。等。e.g.He entered the room and got his book.误：The room was entered and his book was got.e.g.She had her hand burned.误：Her hand was had burned.不及物动词没有被动语态，如：不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。等。e.g.When we got to the top of the mountain,the sun had already risen.误：The s
24、un had already been risen.e.g.After the earthquake,few houses remained.误：After the earthquake,few houses were remained.不及物动词短语没有被动语态：不及物动词短语没有被动语态：take place,break out,belong to,lose heart,consist of,add up to等。等。e.g.The fire broke out in the capital building.误：The fire was broke out in the capital
25、building.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语e.g.I taught myself English.误：Myself was taught English.e.g We love each other.误：Each other is loved.e.g.She dreamed a bad dream la
26、st night.(对)She likes to swim./(错)To swim is liked by her.be covered with 被覆盖be made of 由制作(发生物理变化)be made from 由制作(发生化学变化)be made in 由(某地)制造be made by 被(某人)制造be used for 被用来be used as 被当作(作为)来使用be used to do sth.被用来做某事It is said that.据说It is hoped that.希望It is well known that.众所周知初中教材中与被动语态相关的短语初中教材中与被动语态相关的短语非 谓 语 主 动 形 式 表 被 动非 谓 语 主 动 形 式 表 被 动thanksthanks
