1、高考英语阅读解题高考英语阅读解题方法指导方法指导一、一、猜词技巧猜词技巧大家好1设问特点：1、从原文中找单词，短语或句子设问。2、所问词或句与该词该句常见意思不同，无法望文生义,只有在具体的上下文中才可判断准确。3、所考单词有的是生词，有的是旧词新意。4、正确选项的特征是放在原文不仅单句合理，全文也合理。5、错误选项或是字面意思，或是故意胡说。大家好1.对考纲外生词的猜测The underlined word cultivated(paragraph 1)roughly means _.2.对考纲内熟词新义的猜测The underlined word“hit”(paragraph 1)roug
2、hly means4.对句义的猜测When I got back out into the street,the world seemed brand-new to me.He was something out of an ancient legend3.对代词的猜测The underlined part“it”(in Para.4)refers to_.大家好词义理解题常见的题型有词义理解题常见的题型有:1.The word“”refers to/probably means/could best be replaced by _.2.What do you think theexpres
3、sion“”stands for?3.The underlined sentence“”means _.大家好4How do you deal with the unfamiliar words or phrases while reading?Ignore them and continue reading?Look them up in the dictionary?Guess the meaning 大家好51.He would _ the gold from his grandma.2.Unlike his brother,Hobart is quite _.How to guess
4、the missing words?Harvey is a thief:he would _ the gold from his grandma and not feel guilty.stealUnlike his brother,who is truly a handsome person,Hobart is quite _.ordinary-lookingplain/homely大家好6Skills for guessing unknown words:1.The lion has its“territory”,which is an area that an animal,usuall
5、y the male,claims（声称）as its own.“territory”means _an area(that-own)动物地盘2.He is a resolute man.Once he makes up hismind to do something,he wont give it up halfway.The underlined word means_.A.strong B.determined C.kind D.clever定语从句或其后的句子其实是一种定义或解释大家好7技巧归纳1:Use _利用_definition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义m
6、ean,refer to,be called,be known as,can be defined as,in other words,that is,that is to say,namely，be called，be identified as，to put it differently 括号,引号,破折号，定语从句.etc.大家好8Pruningis important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots(嫩芽）,or young leaves of trees.The word“pruning”means_A.Regula
7、r cutting of the plantsB.Frequent wateringC.Regular use of chemicalsD.Growing the plants high in the mountain技巧归纳 2：Using_根据_common sense or experience普通常识和经验大家好9技巧归纳3:利用_from_2.The period of adolescence,the period between childhood and adulthood,may be long or short.A 少儿期B 幼儿期C 青春期D 成人期同义/同位语simila
8、rity/appositive1.In fact,only about 80 ocelots,an endangered wild cat,exist in the U.S.today“ocelot”means _an endangered wild cat 大家好10The largest player Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices,such as deluxe sedans,minivans,station wagons,coaches.Santana sedans are the bi
9、g favorite of the tourists.The underlined words used in the text refer to _.A.cars in the making B.car rental firms C.cars for rent D.car makers 技巧归纳4:利用_举例 from examplesSignal words：for example，for instance，such as，like，as，etc.大家好11技巧归纳5：利用_From_1.The snow was falling.Big flakesdrifted(飘）with the w
10、ind like feathers.2.Unlike her gregarious sister,Jane is a shy person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends.雪花，雪片爱交际的比较或对比comparison or contrastSignal words:as,like,the same as，unlike,but，however,on the contrary,while,insteadect.大家好12技巧归纳6:利用_From_(1)Overwork may cause diseases.over
11、（过分的、过量的）workoverwork“工作过度”。(2)There was a dissatisfied look in the managers eyes.dis“不”+satisfied“满意的=dissatisfied“不满意的”。构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）Word formation大家好13合成 Compounding转化 Conversion派生 Derivation构词法Word formationprefixsuffix大家好表否定un-,non-,in-,dis-表相反un-,de-,dis-,counter-错误失当错误失当mis-,mal-,pseudo-表
12、向背pro-,anti-表程度arch-,super-,ultra-,over-,under-,mini-,semi-,表时间pre,fore-,post-表方位表方位sub-,inter-,trans-prefixdecontrol transplant counterattack解除控制移植反击大家好suffix-able （能的）-less （无，不）-wards （向）-ship （身份；资格；权力；性质）-some （易于的）-hood （状态；性质；时期）-ish （如的；有点儿的）-proof (防的；不能穿透的）-scape （景）-most (最的）waterproof st
13、reetscape innermost speechless大家好?He is said to be“undersized with“short legs and a“round stomach”.（08广东卷）?Tales of the supernatural are common in all parts of Britain.（08广东卷）?They caught the emotional landscapefrom heartbreak to joy,but share the undeniable longing for recovery and hope.(2010深一模)派生
14、派生 Derivation小尺寸的;较矮小的;超自然的风景不可否认的大家好?He was something out of an ancient legend,his very strange,dusty felt hat,his funny accent from who-knows-where（06广东卷）合成 Compounding谁都不知是什么地方大家好?Great cultural changes led to more open communication and a more democratic process that encourages everyone to have
15、a say.（08广东卷）?She rested herself against a post close to the tracks（09广东卷）转化转化 Conversionv.n.发言，发表意见n.v.倚靠大家好1.Is he intelligent or stupid?2.Most women in Ghana-the educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewiv
16、es and mothers.Their reputation for economic independence,self-reliance,and hard work is well known and well deserved.The underlined word“illiterate”in the passage means _.A.Repeated B.reiterated.C uneducated D.sickclever技巧归纳7:利用_From_同义词或反义词的关系猜词。Synonym or Antonym.大家好201.I feel that since you are
17、my superior（上司）,it would be presumptuousof me to tell you what to do.”The word“presumptuous”is closest in meaning to“”.Afull of respectBrude and too confident Clacking in experienceDtoo shy and quietB技巧归纳8：利用_From _原因与结果关系猜词from Cause and ResultSignal words:because,so,so thathence,thereforeAs a resu
18、lt,assince,for,thus大家好21The official asked the man what hisoccupation was.The mantoldhim thatheworked asanengineer.A.workB.studyC.name D.interest技巧归纳9:Use_利用_worked as an engineer.context or related information上下文的语境大家好22利用上下文利用上下文熟词新义生活常识找信息词指代关系大家好1.When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years
19、 ago,how could they even begin to picture modern life?2.The mayor made an address to the citizens at the meeting yesterday.imaginespeech大家好?（福建卷）Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping upCO2from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.Currently the trees in the Amazon take in
20、 around 500 million tons of CO2each year,equal to the total amount of CO2giving off in the UK each year.?64.The phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.A.cleaning up B.taking in C.wiping out D.giving out大家好?When I first became a reporter I knew a man who gave up a very well paid respectable job at
21、 the Daily Telegraph to go and edit a small weekly newspaper.At the time I was astonished by what appeared to me to be his completely abnormal(反常的反常的)mental state.How could anyone turn his back on Fleet Street in central London for a small local area?The underlined phrase“turn his back on”most proba
22、bly mean _.A.leave for B.return to C.give up D.rely on 大家好(2009年全国卷年全国卷I)If your child is unwilling to discuss something,dont insist he tell you whats on his mind.The more you insist,the more likely that hell clam up.69.What does the phrase“clam up”in Paragraph 2 probably mean?A.become excited B.sho
23、w respectC.refuse to talk D.seek help大家好?As a woman,I feel unsafe here.I spend a bomb on taxis because I will not take public transport after 10 p.m.I used to use it,but now Im afraid.(04 广东卷广东卷)?58.The underlined part“it”refers to_.A.a taxi B.the money C.a bomb D.public transport this,that,it,them,
24、one等代词指代内容一般是在此词的前面,理解上下文特别是上句的意识和本句的意思是解题的关键.大家好猜词技巧Tips for guessing the meaning of words1.利用定义或解释2.利用普通常识和经验3.利用同义/同位语4.利用举例5.利用比较或对比6.利用构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）7.利用同义词或反义词8.利用原因与结果关系猜词9.利用上下文的语境大家好29More practice.Finish Exx.1 to 10,then discuss the answers with your group.大家好301.A good teacher works in
25、 quite a different way.His audience take an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions,they obey orders,and if they dont understand something,they say so.The word“audience”in theparagraph means_.A.studentsB.peoplewhowatch aplayC.peoplewhoactonthestageD.peoplewholistentosomething常识常识 teach
26、er-students大家好31 2.When some kind of pain killer(止痛药）was brought out recently,researchers found that the colours turned the customers offbecause they made the product look weak and ineffective（无效的）.The underlined part“the colours turned the customers off”means that the colours_?Attracted the custome
27、rs strongly?Had weak effects on the customers?Tricked the customers into shopping?Caused the customers to lose interestD因果关系because大家好323.Collins decided that she must go,although the hazards of the trip were many,for example,the unbearable heat,the possibility of getting lost,the presence of wild a
28、nimals and poisonous snakes.“hazard”means _A.pleasure,B.problem,C.danger,D.attractionC举例举例for example大家好33 4.In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players,they strongly blame competition.Among the most vocalare youngsters who have suffered under competitive
29、pressures from their parents or societyThe underlined phrase“the most vocal”means_?Those who try their best to win?Those who value competition most highly?Those who are against competition most stronglyA.Those who rely on others most for successC上下文语境context or related information大家好345.Without exam
30、inations,employers will look for employees from the highly respected schools and from families known to thema form of favoritism will replace equality.The word 甥?挱慦潶楲楴浳is used to describe the phenomenon that _.A.bright children also need certificates to get satisfying jobs B.children from well-respe
31、cted schools tend to have good jobs C.poor children with certificates are favored in job markets D.children attending ordinary schools achieve great success破折号（定义或同位语）大家好356.Grown-ups also have a sense of object permanence.That is to say,if we put a box in a room and lock the door,the box will still
32、 be there when we come back.“Object permanence”means that when out of sight,an object _?Still exists B.keeps its shapeA.C.Still stays solid D.is beyond reachA1.定义definitionthat is to say也就是说2.构词法permanentpermanence大家好367.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle;instead,it can be a basket o
33、f fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,ages 4 and 18 months.What does the underlined word hassle“probably mean?A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests 比较comparison(instead相反,反而)大家好3
34、78.William Shakespeare said.“The web of our life is of amingledyarn（纱线），good and ill together.”The underlined word“mingled”most probably means.AsimpleBmixedCsadDhappyBdefinition or explanation 定义或解释猜测词义定义或解释猜测词义大家好389.The house looked quite normal outside,but inside it was very exotic with fascinati
35、ng objects on display.As he began putting them into his bag,a god came into the room.It stopped when it saw Buster,then wagged its tail madly and went over to him,licking his outstretched hand.“Good boy,”Buster whispered.“What a great guard dog you are-trying to lick me to death.”Which of the defini
36、tions is closest in meaning to the word“exotic”?A Messy and untidy.B.Rich and expensive.C.Comfortable and calming D.Unusual and foreign.对比对比contrastnormal but-unusual大家好39 10.Lions are opportunists.They prefer to eat without having to do too much work.When resting in the shade,they are also watching
37、 the sky to see what is flying by,and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on.If another animal has made a kill,they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.By describing lions as“opportunists”,the author means
38、to say that lions _.A.are cruel animals B.are clever animalsC.Like to take advantage of（利用）other animalsD.Like to take every chance to eat构词法及下文解释opportunity-ist大家好40?Practice in the passage大家好4111.He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated.Get worse12.The animal with
39、 the longevityis the giant land tortoise which can live several hundreds years.长寿13.They are vertebrates,that is,animals have backbones.文中“vertebrates”的意思是_脊椎动物脊椎动物大家好4214.She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.concentrate/focus her attention on15.But some
40、times，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.A long period of shortage of rainfall大家好4316.Do you have any strong opinion onco-educational or single-sex schools?co（共同的）-education-al 男女同校教育的17.Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbswhich was so diffe
41、rent from that inside the city.country大家好44Ex2:“TheDave you saw on TV was the realDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“He wasntagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”74.“Hewasjust Joe Everybody.”(in thelastparagraph)means _.A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasshowyD.Davewasshy大家好45Ex3:And if
42、 youve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family atmosphere(气氛气氛),you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict you grew up with-or destroy the nice atmosphere you now enjoy The underlined word conflict means _.?dependent life?fierce fight?C.bad mannersD.painful f
43、eeling 大家好46Ex.4:Provide incentive.Tell your children the importance of saving.“For every dollar he or she agrees to save and invest rather than spend,you agree to add another dollar to the pot,”says Cathy Pareto,expert in money planning.The underlined word“incentive”in this paragraph means _.A Hono
44、r B.praise C.excitement D.encouragement大家好47?Here is The Pines,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou,wild boar,and reindeer with surprising sauces.（2004 年福建卷）?According to the passage,The Pines is a.?Aplace in which you can see many mobile homes?Bmountain wher
45、e you can get a good view of the valley?Ctown which happens to be near the Banff National Park?Drestaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food 大家好48Ex.5:Those newcomerswerenotused tothelifein thesuburbswhichwasso differentfromthatinsidethecity.A.townB.capitalC.countryD.housethe city大家好4
46、91.Do you have any strong opinion onco-educationalor single-sex schools?2.Marry Cassatt gave up her social position and all thought of a husband and a family,which in those times was unthinkablefor a young lady.3.Finally,renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to devel
47、op.co-education-al 男女同校教育的un-think-able 不可思议的re-new-able 可更新的,可再生的practice大家好50Practice?Mark Twain was not the authors real name;it was a pseudonym.2.But sometimes，no rain falls for a long，long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.a pen name.A long period of shortage of rainfall大家好51The house
48、stood at the end of a quiet neat street.The little dwelling,however,looked neglected and cheerless.大家好52?(2009年福建卷)For an answer,I checked with Tim Flannery,author of The Weather Makers:How Man Is Changing the Climate and What It Means for Life on Earth.In his book,he had challenged readers to make
49、deep cuts in personal emissions to keep the world from reaching extremely important tipping points,such as the melting（融化）of the ice sheets in Greenland or West Antarctica.“To stay below that point,we need to reduce CO2 emissions by 80 percent,”he said.?73.The underlined words“tipping points”most pr
50、obably refer toA.freezing points B.burning points C.melting points D.boiling points such as大家好?(广东卷广东卷)“Unlike vitamin C,leadership skills cant be easily swallowed down.They must be carefully cultivated.”Different from popular belief,most good leaders are made,not born.They learn their skills in the
