1、中考语法专题He got up late.你知道动词的分类吗？情态动词情态动词She can eat fruit by herself.情态动词情态动词He got up late.The giraffe is so tall.系动词系动词He got up late.He likes reading books at night.实义实义动词动词He got up late.Do the girls dance happily?练一练助动词助动词知识梳理一实义动词是能独立作谓语的动词。按其句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词。按其延续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。实义动词实义动词一、实义动
2、词按其是否能直接跟宾语分作及物动词和不及物动词。1及物动词。在句中必须跟宾语才能表达完整意思的实义动词（就是及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意义完整），它后必须跟宾语，如：I can hear you.hear单独用不能表达完整的意思为及物动词。I have a book.have单独用不能表达完成的意思为及物动词。实义动词实义动词【结构用法】（1）动词+宾语 I like this book very much.（2）动词宾语宾补 We call the bird Polly.I saw the children play in the park yesterday.注意：带省略t
3、o的不定式或现在分词做宾补的动词有：make，let，have，see，watch，notice，hear等。（3）动词间接宾语直接宾语 Please pass me the salt.常见带双宾语的动词有：give，bring，buy，get，leave，lend，make，offer，pass，teach，tell，write，read，return等。实义动词实义动词2.不及物动词。在句中不必跟宾语就能表达完整意思的动词，如：He left yesterday.leave单独用能表达完整的意思，是不及物动词。【知识拓展】（1）有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词。We study En
4、glish.我们学习英语。（及物动词）We study hard.我们努力学习（不及物动词）Birds can fly.鸟会飞。（不及物动词）I like flying a kite.我喜欢放风筝。（及物动词）实义动词实义动词（2）有些不及物动词与一些别的词搭配在一起构成短语动词，它的作用等于一个及物动词，要注意积累。动词+介词 Listen to the teacher carefully.此类动词后面的宾语无论是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词后面，不能放在动词和介词之间。动词+副词 He turned off the light when he left.He picked it up an
5、d gave it to me.注意：代词作宾语时必须放在动词后副词前，当宾语是名词时，放在副词的前后均可。实义动词实义动词 动词+副词+介词 Lets go on with our work.He gets along well with his classmates.注意：其后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。注意：其后的宾语只能放在介词的后面。动词+名词+介词 Please pay attention to the phrases in the article.We can make good use of air.be+形容词+介词 We are good at swimming.She is
6、 satisfied with what I did.实义动词实义动词【拓展】短语动词常见的短语动词的构成方式有以下几种：1.动词十介词动词十介词 hear of 听说 talk to/with 和交谈 think of/about 思考 speak to 与通话 talk about/of 谈论 worry about 担心 look at 看一看 arrive in/at 到达 get to 到达 look like 看起来像 look for 寻找 look after 照顾 listen to 听（某人或某物）ask for 要求 wait for 等候 hear from收到的来信实
7、义动词实义动词2.动词动词+副词副词 dress up 打扮 give up 放弃 eat up 吃完 pick up 捡起 turn up 调大（音量等）ring up 打电话 put up 建造 send up 发射 take away 拿走 move away 搬走 send away 派遣 take down 拿下 turn down 关小 put down 放下 write down 记下 sell out 卖完 wear out 穿破 find out 发现 try out 试验 take out 取出 try on 试穿 turn on 打开 put on 穿上 give bac
8、k 归还 get back 取回 think over 仔细思考 look over 检查 turn off 关上 take off 脱下 注意：这类短语动词在接宾格代词作宾语时，必须将其放在动词和副词之间 如：take it away，put them down，turn it off，try them on 等。实义动词实义动词3.动词动词+副词十介词副词十介词 come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完 do well in 擅长 get along with 与相处 look forward to 期望4.动词动词+名词名词+介词介词 make use of 利用
9、 take part in 参加 take care of 照顾 pay attention to 注意5.系动词系动词+形容词形容词+介词介词 be mad at 对恼火 be strict with 对要求严格 be different from 与不同 be full of 充满实义动词实义动词二、实义动词按其延续性可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词 1.延续性动词表示动作是可以持续的，可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。如：live，study，work，keep，teach等。We have lived in Suzhou since 2001.You can keep this book f
10、or two weeks.实义动词实义动词 2.非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生便立即结束，如：buy，lend，borrow，die，begin，stop，finish，arrive，join，go，come，catch等，非延续性动词不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，如果要和表示连续一段时间的状语连用，就要用其他词代替。He has been here for five days.（这里不能用has arrived here）The film has been on for ten minutes.（这里不能用has begun）实义动词实义动词【拓展】延续性动词和非延续性动词的转换：实
11、义动词实义动词 系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。系动词没有被动语态，也不用于进行时。be动词就是一种系动词。系动词系动词Mr.Wang seems very angry.王先生看起来很生气。This kind of cloth feels soft.这种布料摸起来很柔软。The flower smells sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。You must keep healthy.你必须保持健康。系动词系动词分类分类例词例词表示感官look sound taste smell feel表示状态、变化等be keep prove bec
12、ome turn go grow get appear remain seem【难点解释】注意区别以下一些动词的用法，它们既可以作为行为动词（实义动词），又可以作为连系动词。1.look 看；看起来看；看起来 He is looking at the picture.（他正在看这图片。）行为动词行为动词 It looks beautiful.（它看上去很美丽。）连系动词连系动词 2.fell 摸；感觉摸；感觉 I felt someone touch my arm.（我感到有人碰我的手臂。）行为动词行为动词 I feel better today.（今天我感觉好些了。）连系动词连系动词系动词系
13、动词3.smell 嗅；嗅；闻起来闻起来 My little brother likes to smell the apple before he eats it.（我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。）行为动词行为动词 Great!The flowers smell nice.（这些花闻起来多香啊！）连系动词连系动词4.sound 弄响，发音；听起来弄响，发音；听起来 The letter hin hour is not sounded.（在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。）行为动词行为动词 The gun sounded much closer.（枪声听起来更近了。）连系动词连系动词系动词系
14、动词5.taste 辨味；尝起来辨味；尝起来 Please taste the soup.（请尝一口汤。）行为动词行为动词 The soup tastes terrible.（这汤尝起来味道太差了。）连系动词连系动词6.grow 生长，种植；变生长，种植；变 Do you grow rice in your country?（你们的国家种水稻吗？）行为动词行为动词 Its too late.Its growing dark.（太迟了，天渐渐变暗了。）连系动词连系动词系动词系动词7.get 得到，获得；变得到，获得；变 There are some bananas on the table.Ea
15、ch of you can get one.（桌上有些香蕉，你们每个人可以拿一个。）行为动词行为动词8.turn 转动，翻动，使变得；变转动，翻动，使变得；变 The earth turns around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。）行为动词行为动词 When spring comes,the trees turn green and the flowers come out.（春天来了，树叶变经绿了，花儿开了。）连系动词连系动词系动词系动词 上述句子中的动词如grow、get、turn等，既可以作连系动词，又可以作行为动词。如何来辨别它们呢？有一个最简便的方法，即用连系动词be替换句
16、子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立就是连系动词；反之，不能替换的，就是行为动词。例如：The trees turn/are green when spring comes.（春天来临，树叶变绿。）The earth turns around the sun.（地球绕着太阳转。）这第二句句子中的turn是行为动词，意为转动。无法以is替换。系动词系动词 助动词本身没有词义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语，表示时态、语态、语气等，帮助构成否定、疑问、强调或省略等。助动词助动词1.助动词助动词be（am，is，are，was，were）be用作助动词和用作连系动词一样，有人称、数和
17、时态的变化，主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1）“be+现在分词”构成进行时态。如：The students are playing games.2）be+过去分词构成被动语态。如：The baby was put in bed by his mother.2.助动词助动词have 在句中有人称、数和时态的变化（has、had），过去分词，构成完成时态。He has lived in Beijing since he was born.助动词助动词3.助动词助动词do 或其相关形式或其相关形式用于构成疑问句、否定句、加强说话的语气及代替前面刚出现的动词等。如：Do you live in Ch
18、ina？Yes,I do.He didnt go to see the film last Sunday.Do be quiet,children!4.助动词助动词will和和shall用于构成将来时。（shall用于第一人称，will可用于各种人称）I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.He will move to the countryside next year.助动词助动词 这类词本身虽有意义，但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。这类动词有can，may，must，need，dare，could，
19、might等。它们不能单独作谓语，必须与行为动词（原形）起作谓语，表示完整的意思。情态动词情态动词 I can dance.can 能，会能，会 （我会跳舞。）He cant walk because he is a baby.cant 不不会会 （因为他是个婴儿，不会走路。)May I come in?may 可以可以 （我可以进来吗？）情态动词情态动词典型例题二1.Half of the class _ done most of the work.The left _ rather difficult.A.has,is B.have,is C.have,are D.has,are【分析】班
20、里半数的人完成了大部分的工作，剩下的工作就太难了。【解答】答案：B。根据第一个空格前面的词语是Half of the class班里半数的人，这是一个复数概念，所以谓语动词要用复数；又根据The left以及rather difficult因此可知这句话的意思是剩下的工作就太难了。工作指的是前面的work，这是一个不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单数，综上所述，故选B。【点评】首先要掌握这个句子的意思，然后结合具体的题目，就可以确定正确答案。2.If you find free WiFi in public places,you_a password.A.neednt B.dont need to
21、 C.neednt to D.dont need【分析】如果你发现在公共场所的免费WiFi，你不需要密码。【解答】答案：D。need 需要，既可以做情态动词，也可以做实意动词，做情态动词时，后跟动词原形，否定式是neednt；做实意动词时，常用词组need to do sth。或need sth。否定式用助动词do否定；结合题干you_a password，空格后是名词，结合句意：不需要密码，应该是dont need，故选D。【点评】本题考查的是动词need的用法，理解句意并掌握动词的用法是解答本题的关键。3.The food in the fridge _ bad.Throw it away
22、,please.A.is smelt terrible B.smells terrible C.smells terribly D.is smelt terribly【分析】冰箱里的食物闻起来很难闻，请扔掉。【解答】答案：C。smell表示闻起来怎样，不用于被语态。根据The food in the fridge _ bad。Throw it away，please.可知句子中bad作smell的表语，而修饰bad应该用副词形式，所以用terribly。故选C。【点评】本句考查系动词的用法，表示说话人所感知的主语的特征或状态时，系动词用look，feel，sound，taste，smell等，
23、后常接形容词作表语。4.A number of foreign players_ playing basketball in the NBA.The number of them _ about five hundred.A.are,is B.is,are C.are,are D.is,is【分析】大量的外国选手都在NBA里打篮球。数量大约是五百人。【解答】答案：A。考查系动词。句意大量的外国选手都在NBA里打篮球。数量大约是五百人。a number of 大量的，相当于a lot of，后接可数名词复数，the number of是.的数量，后面接名词单数。根据题干A number of f
24、oreign players_ playing basketball in the NBA.The number of them_about five hundred.可知大量的外国选手都在NBA里打篮球。数量大约是五百人，故选A。【点评】掌握一些固定用法，分析句子的结构，根据具体内容作答。5.-Does Linda _ to go to school on weekends?-No,she_.A.have,dont B.has,doesnt C.have,doesnt D.has,havent【分析】-Linda周末必须去上学吗？-不，她不必。【解答】答案：C。考查助动词。句意-Linda周
25、末必须去上学吗？-不，她不必。have to 必须，不得不；has是第三人称单数形式；dont助动词；doesnt 助动词，用于主语是第三人称单数形式的时候。根据题干-Does Linda _to go to school on weekends?-No,she_.可知第一个空前有助动词does，故这里应用动词的原形have；第二个空是回答这个一般疑问句，she是第三人称单数，用does。故选C。【点评】理解各个选项的含义，分析句子的结构，根据具体的内容作答。6.-_ you ever_English by making conversations with your partner?-Yes
26、,always.A.Do;studied B.Does;studied C.Are;studying D.Have;studied【分析】-你曾经和你的搭档用英语对话来学习英语吗？-是的，总是。【解答】答案：D。考查助动词。原句是一般疑问句，助动词开头时，谓语动词要用原形，因此A，B不正确。根据回答always总是，可知现在进行时态，不符合要求。结合语境ever曾经，应该用现在完成时态，结构是have/has+done。因此答案是D。【点评】考查助动词。协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词，此类题要结合语境，选择合适用法完成试题。注意时态，人称，单复数等变化。7.-Where is Mom
27、 now?-Im not sure.She_ be in the kitchen.A.shall B.may C.need D.must【分析】-妈妈现在在哪里？-我不确定。她可能在厨房里。【解答】答案：B。考查情态动词。A应该；B可能；C需要；D必须，结合语境-妈妈现在在哪里？-我不确定。她_在厨房里。，可知，应该是可能，故选：B。【点评】情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。否定形式通常在后面加not。要注意情态动词的不同用法。8.In some countries,people _ download（下载）music from the Internet w
28、ithout paying,because its against the law.A.wouldnt B.neednt C.mustnt D.couldnt【分析】在一些国家，人们不允许不付费地从网上下载音乐，因为这是违反法律的。【解答】答案：C。考查情态动词。A不会；B不需要；C不允许；D不可能，结合语境在一些国家，人们 _ 不付费地从网上下载音乐，因为这是违反法律的。，可知，应该是不允许，选C。【点评】情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语，否定形式通常在后面加not.要注意情态动词的不同用法。课堂练习三一.选择题。1.-Which sunglasses s
29、hould I choose today?-I think the red ones.They _ nice on you.A.look B.feel C.taste D.Sound 2.-Whats wrong with your sister,Jim?-She_to be very angry with the noisy boys outside.A.sounds B.tastes C.looks D.seems3.Tom looks very_and his grandfather is looking_at him.A.happy;happily B.happy;happy C.ha
30、ppily;happy D.happily;happily【答案】1-3.ADA4.-How many students are there in Class Five?-There are fifty.Two fifths of them_boys,and the number of the girls _ 30.A.are,is B.is,are C.are,are D.is,is5.On weekdays,he usually_school at about 7:00 a.m.A.arrives B.arrives at C.arrives in6._ your brother _ En
31、glish every day（每天）？A.Do;have B.Does;have C.Can；has D.Does；has【答案】4-6.ABB7.-Lin Tao,can I use your English dictionary?-Sure.But you_return it before the class.A.can B.may C.must D.Would 8.-What club _ you want _?-I want to join the swimming club.A.do;to join B.do；join C.can;to join D.can；join9.The n
32、umber of the tigers_becoming smaller and smaller because a number of them_been killed by the human beings.A.are;have B.are;has C.is；have D.is；has【答案】7-9.CAC二.用所给动词的正确形式填空：1.Li Ping often _(read)English in the morning.2._ he _(clean)the windows once a week.3.The workers _(have)sports on the playgroun
33、d now.4.How long _ you_(stay)there the day before yesterday.5.Who _(listen)to the music?【答案】1.reads 2.Does,clean 3.are having 4.did,stay 5.is listening6.When I _(be)a middle school student,I often _(sing).7.His parents _(go)to the Great Wall tomorrow morning.8._ they_ (study)Japanese next term?9.Wha
34、t time _ you_(do)your homework everyday.10.Look!The students _(clean)the classroom.【答案】6.was,sang 7.will go 8.Will,study 9.do,do 10.are cleaning11.-What _ your father _(do)yesterday?-He_(write)two letters.12.There _(be)a football match on TV this evening.13.My father _(leave)for Japan tomorrow morni
35、ng.14.Tom _(not listen)to the radio every morning.15._(be)there any hospitals here twenty years ago?【答案】11.did,do,wrote 12.will be 13.is leaving 14.doesnt listen 15.Were16.I _(come)to see you again before long.17._there _(be)an English evening next Saturday?18._ your uncle _(have)a meeting last Frid
36、ay?19.What _ the young Pioneers _(do)on the hill now?20.They_(not go)fishing on Sunday.【答案】16.will come/is coming 17.Will,be 18.Did,have 19.are,doing 20.dont go课后检测四1.-Can I borrow your English book,please?-Sure.But you must _ it to me soon.A.keep B.buy C.return D.hold2.-Have you ever listened to th
37、e song Baby?-Yes,it _wonderful.All of us like it very much.A.smells B.sounds C.looks D.tastes3.-How about the silk skirt?-It _soft!Ill take it.A.tastes B.sounds C.smells D.feels4.After the serious illness,he finally _ how important health is.A.realized B.meant C.added D.impressed 单项选择单项选择5.The old m
38、ans eyesight isnt very good.He often _ Tim for Jim.A.regards B.treats C.mistakes D.thinks 6.-Why is Lily so popular among the students?-Because she often _ us with help and care.A.gives B.offers C.provides D.supports 7.-Do you think Houston Rockets will beat Lakers?-Yes.They have better players,so I
39、 _ them to win.A.hope B.think C.depend D.expect 8.-How long do you think the terrible weather will _?-Why not listen to the weather report?A.appear B.last C.change D.discover单项选择单项选择9.Listen!The whole class is quiet now.It _ that everyone falls asleep.A.seems B.looks C.sounds D.gets10.The children a
40、re making too much noise.I cant _ it.A.stand B.hear C.consider D.know11.Wow,the dish _ delicious.Could you please tell me how to cook it?A.keeps B.tastes C.sounds D.feels12.-Why does Zhang Lei look unhappy?-Because her best friend didnt _ her to go on a picnic.A.make B.let C.invite D.refuse单项选择单项选择1
41、3.David _ his friends invitation to the picnic in order to stay at home and have a good rest.A.expected B.refused C.received D.told 14.-Whos that boy in the red coat?-He is my new friend.Let me _ him to you.A.introduce B.tell C.promise D.say15.-What about the picture over there?-It _ nice.A.tastes B
42、.gets C.looks D.sounds 16.-May I go to the cinema,Mum?-Certainly.But you _ be back by 11 oclock.A.can B.may C.must D.need单项选择单项选择13.I wont go to see the film tonight,because I _ my ticket.A.lost B.have lost C.will lose D.didnt lose14.I _ him since I began to live in the city.A.know B.have known C.kn
43、ew D.will know 15._ there were only five soldiers left at the front,_ they went on fighting.A.Because;so B.If;and C.Though;but D.Though；/单项选择单项选择17.-_ I speak to May,please?-Im sorry she_come to the phone because she is busy now.A.Might;wont B.Can;mustnt C.May;cant D.Could;shouldnt18.-I want to know
44、 if I I_smoke here.-No,you_.Could you see the sign NO SMOKINGthere?A.can;neednt B.must;cant C.shall;wont D.can;mustnt 19.My wife never remembers my telephone number.She always _ look it up.A.must B.should C.would D.has to20.-_ you pass me the dictionary,please?-Sure.Here you are.A.Could B.Need C.Mus
45、t D.Might单项选择单项选择1.How many classes _ you _(have)every day.2.Its seven in the evening,Toms family _(watch)TV.3.He _(join)the army in 1985.He _(be)still in the army now.4.I _(visit)my friend next Sunday.5.If it snows tomorrow,we _(play)with snow.6.I _(make)a lot of mistakes in my test yesterday.7._ i
46、t _(snow)outside now?-No,it _.8.Where_ they_(live)?They _(live)in Shanghai.9.If it _(rain)this morning,we wont go shopping.10.Listen!Who _(sing)in the next room?用所给动词的正确形式填空用所给动词的正确形式填空11.The teacher _(not teach)us a Chinese song,he _(teach)us an English song two days ago.12.If I am free this evenin
47、g,I_(help)you with your maths.13._ you _(be)there tomorrow?No,I _.14.-Where_(be)your parents last year?-They_(be)in Xian.15.-Why_they_(go)to the library after school yesterday?-Because they _(want)to borrow some books.16.What _ you _(do)these days?17.Dont make a noise.Grandma _(sleep).18.Sometimes h
48、e _(help)his mother with the housework.19.Please write to us as soon as you_(get)there.20.We _(show)the foreign friends around Beijing when they get here.用所给动词的正确形式填空用所给动词的正确形式填空【参考答案】一.1-5CBDAC 6-10CDBAA 11-15BCBAC 16-20CCDDA二.1.do，have 2.are watching 3.joined，is 4.will visit 5.will play 6.made 7.Is,snowing 8.do,live,live 9.rains 10.is singing 11.hasnt taught 12.will help 13.Will,be 14.were,were 15.did,go 16.are,doing 17.is sleeping 18.helps 19.get 20.will show谢谢
