1、专题：定语从句一一.定义。定义。1.定语：由形容词充当，放在名词前用于修饰名词。Eg.a beautiful girl a smart boy2.定语从句：由一个句子来修饰某个名词或代词，放在所修饰的名词或代词之后的从句叫做定语从句。（注意：翻译的时候要把从句翻译在所修饰的名词或代词之前）Eg.She is a girl who is beautiful.The boy who wears red T-shirt is my brother.二二.构成：先行词构成：先行词+关系词关系词+句子。句子。1.1.先行词先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词，既可指人也可指物。The boy w
2、ho comes from America speaks English very well.2.2.关系代词：关系代词：（1）定义：用来引导定语从句的词，紧跟在先行词之后，从句之前。先关句子（2）分类：关系代词关系代词：that,which,who,what,whose关系副词关系副词：when，where，why（3）作用：A.关系代词指代先行词，并且含有先行词的意思。B.关系代词在句中充当一定成分关系代词：主语，宾语，定语关系代词：主语，宾语，定语关系副词：时间，地点，原因状语关系副词：时间，地点，原因状语（2）当先行词指物时，关系词：做主语：which/that做宾语：which/th
3、at(可省略）3.3.根据先行词来选择关系代词根据先行词来选择关系代词(1)当先行词指人时，关系词：做主语：用who/that做宾语：用whom/that/whoC.用来连接先行词与从句。先行词先行词作主语作主语作宾语作宾语作定语作定语指人who/thatwhom/that/who whose指物which/that which/thatwhose由上表可知：由上表可知：1.1.不管先行词指人还是指物，作主语或宾语都用不管先行词指人还是指物，作主语或宾语都用that.that.2.2.关系代词在句中作宾语时，不管是人还是物均可省略关系代词。关系代词在句中作宾语时，不管是人还是物均可省略关系代词
4、。如何判断关系代词在句中充当何种成分：看关系词后单词的词性。如何判断关系代词在句中充当何种成分：看关系词后单词的词性。1.1.若关系词后是动词，则做主语。若关系词后是动词，则做主语。2.2.若关系词后是主格，则做宾语。若关系词后是主格，则做宾语。3.3.若关系代词后是名词，则要进一步判断所属关系。若关系代词后是名词，则要进一步判断所属关系。无所属关系无所属关系-关系词作宾语关系词作宾语 有所属关系有所属关系-关系词作定语关系词作定语注意：判断名词与关系词是否是所属关系的方法：翻译为先行注意：判断名词与关系词是否是所属关系的方法：翻译为先行词词s+s+名词名词 若成立若成立-有所属关系有所属关系
5、 若不成立若不成立 -无所属关系无所属关系1.She is a singer _ song is popular.2.She is a singer _ people are interested in.3.He is the boy_ I write to.4.This is a book _ I bought yesterday.5.This is a desk _ legs is broken.whosewho/whom/thatwho/whom/thatwhich/thatwhose1.The woman _ is singing is my mother.2.I like the m
6、usic _ I can dance too.3.This is a boy _ broke the window.4.Nobody likes people _ talk too much.5.This is a computer _ I bought.6.This is a girl _ mother is a teacher.7.Do you know the girl _ picture draws well.8.Do you know the girl _ songs are popular.9.Do you know the girl _teacher talks to.10.Do
7、 you know the girl _ is wearing dress.that/whichwho/thatwho/thatwho/thatthat/whichwhosewhosewhosewho/that/whomWho/that5.5.关系副词的判断方法关系副词的判断方法(1)当先行词是时间状语，从句不缺主语和宾语的情况下，用关系副词when。(2)当先行词是地点状语，从句不缺主语和宾语的情况下，用关系副词where。注意：注意：1.1.判断句中缺主语的方法：找到句中的动词，看动词前有无名词或判断句中缺主语的方法：找到句中的动词，看动词前有无名词或代词，若有代词，若有-不缺主语，用不缺
8、主语，用when/wherewhen/where，若无，若无-缺主语，用缺主语，用which/thatwhich/that。2.2.判断句中缺不缺宾语的方法：找句中的动词，进一步判断动词是判断句中缺不缺宾语的方法：找句中的动词，进一步判断动词是及物动词还是不及物动词。及物动词还是不及物动词。若是不及物动词若是不及物动词-不加宾语不加宾语-用用when/where/whywhen/where/why若是及物动词若是及物动词-后有后有sb./sth.sb./sth.说明不缺宾语说明不缺宾语-用用when/where/whywhen/where/why -后无后无sb./sth.sb./sth.说明
9、缺少宾语说明缺少宾语 此时用此时用which/thatwhich/that5.This is a place _ I used to live.6.This is a place _ I used to live in.7.Home is a place _ we can get warmth.8.This is an office _ I can work in the past.9.This is a factory _ produces paper.10.This is a place _ we can easily get to.where1.I will never forget t
10、he time _ I worked at the farm.2.I still remember the day _ I first met her.3.Do you remember the day _ our school had sports meeting.4.Do you remember the day _ we spent in the school.which/thatwhenwhenwhenwhich/thatwherewherewhich/thatwhich/that6.6.定语从句谓语的选择。定语从句谓语的选择。关系代词指代先行词，因此关系代词在句中作主语时，从句的动词
11、动词取决于先行词先行词。I know the girl who _(come)from China.I know the girls who _(come)from Cescome7.7.定语从句的特殊情况。定语从句的特殊情况。(1)(1)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能用当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能用thatthat。This is the most beautiful mountain _I have seen.that(2)(2)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用thatthat。The first thing _my brother is doing
12、to do this afternoon is homework.that(3)(3)当先行词既包括人又包括物时，只能用当先行词既包括人又包括物时，只能用thatthat。I will talk about the people and the things _ I could remember.that(4)(4)当先行词被当先行词被the only(唯一）唯一）,the very（正好）（正好）,the last（最后）（最后）,the same（相同的）（相同的）修饰时，只能用修饰时，只能用that。The white flower is the only one _ I really
13、like.This the very book _ I want to read.that(5)(5)当先行词被当先行词被 all,few,little,no,just修饰时，只能用修饰时，只能用that。Here are all the books _ I have.thatAll _ you have to do is to practice.There isnt much _ I can do for you.Is there anything _ you want to buy in the shop?thatthat(6)(6)当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词something,
14、anything,nothing,everything,all,few,little,much,none时，只能用时，只能用that。thatthat8.8.当关系代词作介词的宾语，并且介词提前时当关系代词作介词的宾语，并且介词提前时,若先行词指人，只用若先行词指人，只用whomwhom若先行词指物，只用若先行词指物，只用whichwhichThe house _ Luxun once lived in is Luxuns museum now.The house in _ Luxun once lived is Lunxuns Museum now.The girl _ I talk to
15、is from America.The girl to _ I talk is from America.The woman with _ I talk is my mother.that/whichwhichwhom/thatwhomwhom(8)(8)当先行词是当先行词是that时，只能用时，只能用which。Whats that _ flew in the sky.which(9)(9)引导非限制性定语从句（主语和从句之间用逗号隔引导非限制性定语从句（主语和从句之间用逗号隔开），只能用开），只能用which。The novel,_I have read three times is The old man and the sea.which(11)(11)当先行词是主格，只能用当先行词是主格，只能用who。(10)(10)当先行词是不定代词当先行词是不定代词somebody,anybody,everybody,nobody,no one,one,those,all时，只能用时，只能用who。Those _ break the low will be punished.whoHe _ doesnt get to the Great Wall is not a true man.whoThanks！
