1、New Horizon College EnglishUnit The Battle Against AIDS5 Section A河北经贸大学宋晓娜 Pre-reading ActivitiesVocabulary Expressions and patternsText analysis Test Exercises Section ASection AI.Pre-reading Activities:Watch&DiscussWarm up exercisesBackground informationBackground KnowledgevAIDS AIDS(Acquired Imm
2、une Deficiency Syndrome)is a disease which destroys the natural method the body uses to protect against other diseases.It is a disease caused by the HIV(Human Immunodeficiency Virus),but AIDS is different from HIV in that the former usually causes death while HIV may leads to AIDS.HIV is spread in t
3、hree ways:1.Contact with infected blood 2.Sex 3.Mother-to-childAIDS usually develops in four stages:In the first stage:there is only infection by HIV and antibody(抗体)production.In the second stage:the lymph nodes(淋巴结)enlarge.In the third stage:an infected person may begin to have such signs as tired
4、ness,fever,and night sweats.In the last stage:AIDS is diagnosed when a person develops certain uncommon,life-threatening illness,for example,Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(卡氏肺囊虫肺炎)vHIV HIV is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus.This is the virus that spreads through contact with infected blood,infected
5、 sexual partners or within the womb of an infected pregnant mother.After infecting a person,HIV can remain hidden in the body for long and different periods of time until it becomes active and develops into AIDS for which no known cure exists.The virus spreads very fast once contact has been made wi
6、th an infected source.vThe Spreading of AIDS in Recent Years The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS(UNAIDS)estimates that more than 40 million men,women,and children worldwide are now living with HIV/AIDS,of which 28 million are in Sub-Saharan Africa.In this region,1 in 10 adults ages 15 to 49
7、 is living with the virus,and in seven countries more than 20%of the population is infected.Women,especially young women,are becoming infected at alarmingly increasing rates.A great many infected people do not know they carry HIV and so may be spreading the virus to others unknowingly.vLatino Latino
8、 is the name given to Hispanic American citizens in the United States who share the Spanish language in common but may be from different races or religions and different Spanish speaking countries.Latinos are the fastest growing group in the U.S.and expected to be more than double in size by 2020.vT
9、he federal government The federal government in the United States is a national republic whose members are selected to hold office for a limited period of time by citizens over 18 years of age.This republic has an elected president who is head of the nation as well as head of the federal or national
10、 government.vA state government A state government is the political structure that includes an area of land,citizens,and an elected governing body with the right to control and change all powers within the state that are not given by constitution to the federal government.Fifty stage governments exi
11、sts in the United States.vA beauty shop A beauty shop is a business place where women go“to have their hair done”,i.e.washed,curled,colored,etc.,or their fingernails or skin treated.The shop sells the“thought”of beauty.A client should feel/look more beautiful after a visit to the beauty shop.Women w
12、ho use such shops often have weekly appointments.Warm-up Activity What is the name of the disease that appeared more than 20 years ago?What war does this passage describe?What must each of us learn to do?Directions:Watch the video and then discuss the topics as follows:2.What should we do to prevent
13、 AIDS?key1.How much do you know about AIDS?keyI.Pre-reading Activities:Listen,Look&SayVideo watching上一页上一页返回返回Path of thinking:1.What is AIDS?2.Is there any difference between AIDS and HIV?3.How is the HIV spread?(How is one infected with AIDS)?key1.AIDS is a disease which destroys the natural metho
14、d the body uses to protect against other diseases.2.It is different from HIV in that the former causes death while HIV may lead to AIDS.3.HIV is spread in three ways:1)contact with infected blood;2)sex;3)mother-to-child transmission.返回返回 What is AIDS?Is there any difference between AIDS and HIV?How
15、is the HIV spread?(How is one infected with AIDS)?Keys backPath of thinking:1.Why do people turn pale at the mention of AIDS?2.What ways can we take to guard against it?keySummary:People,American or Chinese,tend to turn pale at the mention of AIDS.This is due to the cold fact that it almost always l
16、eads to death while there is no known effective cure for it.Lets quote US President Bush as saying in the video,“HIV/AIDS is one of the greatest medical challenges of our time.The disease has killed more than 20 million people.Today 42 million more are living with HIV.Across Africa,this disease is f
17、illing graveyards every day and creating orphans and leaving millions in desperate fight for their own lives.”Now that the fatal disease is here to stay in China and is spreading at an alarming speed,we have to do something effective about it.Some of the sound ways we can take include:1)We should be
18、 clear about the ways it is spread so as to avoid improper fear in social contact;2)We should arouse the public awareness of the fact that everyone is at risk and that all of us have a right to protect ourselves.3)We should always add nothing but health to our life,saying“No”to any addictive drugs,m
19、aking friends with peers of good taste,and staying away from unnatural(违反人伦的违反人伦的)sexual contact.返回返回Main ideaDevicesMain idea of the text and devices for developing itMain idea of each part and devices for developing itNew words&TextPart Part Part Part TranscriptNew WordsText acquire immune deficie
20、ncy syndrome diagnose infect virus rural constitute segment alarm federal implement organization emerge network combat resource creative creatively client video publication educate educational educator recently southeast literacy low-literacy literature solve create illustrate relate establish buste
21、r risk adult pressure define redefine background plague establishment emphasize regardless solution crisis represent epidemic threaten racial efficiency inefficiencyPhrases and Expressions to be infected with in place of suffer from to pass out as a result at risk regardless of the solution to to th
22、reaten to do sth.to distract from sign up (for sth.)Back Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome(AIDS)was diagnosed in the United States in the late 1970s.Since then,AIDS has killed more than 204,000 Americans half in the past few years alone.Another 185,000 of the one million infected with the HIV viru
23、s are also expected to die.Nearly half of those diagnosed with the virus are blacks and Latinos.Women and youth in rural Southern communities now constitute the fastest growing segment of people with AIDS.Despite such alarming numbers,the federal and state governments have been slow in implementing
24、programs to stop the spread of AIDS.In place of government inactivity,a number of local organizations have emerged.One organization,the South Carolina AIDSEducation Network,formed in 1985 to combat the growing number of AIDS cases.Like many local organizations,this organization suffers from a lack o
25、f money,forcing it to use its resources creatively.To reach more peoplein the community,some AIDS educational programs operate out of a beauty shop.The owner hands out AIDS information to all her clients when they enter the shop and shows videos on AIDS prevention while they wait for their hair to d
26、ry.She also keepsbooks and other publications around so customers can read them while waiting for their appointments.Its amazing how many people she has educated on the job.Recently,the network began helping hairstylists throughout the Southeast set up similar programs in their shops.They are also v
27、aluable resources in spreading information to their schools,community groups,and churches.The organization has developed severaltechniques useful to other groups doing similar work.While no one way of winning the war against AIDS exists,the network shares these lessons learned in its battle against
28、AIDS：Speak to your community in a way they can hear.Many communities have a low literacy rate,making impossible passing out AIDS literature and expecting people to read it.To solve this problem,ask people in the community who can draw well to create low-literacy AIDS education publications.These boo
29、ks use simple,hand-drawn pictures of“sad faces”and“happy faces”to illustrate ways people can prevent AIDS.They also show people who look like those we need to educate,since people can relate morewhen they see familiar faces and language they can understand.As a result,such books actually have more e
30、ffect in the communities where they are used than government publications,which cost thousands of dollars more to produce.Train teenagers to educate their peers.Because AIDS is spreading fastest among teenagers in the rural South,the stylists have established an“AIDS Busters”program which trains you
31、th from 8 to 26 to go into the community and teach“AIDS 101”to theirpeers.They make it simple and explain the risk of catching AIDS to friends their own age much better than an adult can.They also play a vital role in helping parents understand the the types of peer pressure their children experienc
32、e.to the Centers for Disease Control,women will soon make up 80 percent of those diagnosed with HIV.The stylists also emphasize that everyone is at risk and that all of us have a right to protect ourselves regardless of marriage Redefine“at risk”to include women from different backgrounds and marria
33、ge status.One womans doctor told her she was not at risk for AIDS because she was married and didnt use drugs.Such misinformation plagues the medial establishment.Accordingstatus.These lessons are not the only solutions to the crisis but until there is a cure for AIDS,education represents the only s
34、afe measure to guard against the virus.Like no other plague before,the AIDSepidemic threatens to wipe out an entire generation and leave another without parents.We must not let cultural,racial,or social barriers distract us from the job that must be done.Nor can we let political inefficiency stop us
35、 from our task.This is an undeclared war that everyone must sign up for in order for us to win.We simply cannot let people continue to die because we dont feel comfortable talking about AIDS.Everyone must become an educator and learn to live.BackDespite the spread of AIDS,no cure for it and lack of
36、government activity,some local organizations have been active and creative in the battle against the fatal disease.Main idea of the text?Devices for developing it?BackThe Problem:AIDS,diagnosed in the late 1970s,has killed more than 204,000 Americans,expecting another 185,000 of the one million infe
37、cted with the HIV virus to die;and meanwhile,women and youth in rural Southern communities are making up the fastest segment of people with AIDS.Hit with the problems,however,American governments have been slow in stopping the spread of the disease.(Para.1-3)Back1.Problem-Solution-Evaluation问题解决法问题解
38、决法 The Solution:Numerous local organizations have set up and shared with each other some effective AIDS educational programs:speak to your community in a way they can hear;train teenagers to educate their peers;redefine“at risk”to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status.(Para.3-
39、12)The Evaluation:These programs are not the only solutions to the crisis but,until there is a cure for AIDS,they are only safe measures against the virus.(Para.13)BackThe South Carolina AIDS Education Network,formed in 1985 and suffering from a lack of money,has been active and creative in the batt
40、le against AIDS.(Para.4)General statement:2.Deduction Organization演绎法演绎法:(from general to specific)Back It operates its educational programs out of a beauty shop.(Para.5)It resorts to the network to help the hair stylists set up similar programs in other shops.(Para.6)It has developed several techni
41、ques useful to other groups doing similar work:an easy-to-understand education within the community,self-education among peers,and redefinition of“at risk”.(Para.7-12)Specific statements:Back3.Comparison and Contrast 对比法对比法The comparison and contrast is between“the governments inactivity”and“the loc
42、al organizations creative operations of the educational programs”.Conjunctions:despite,in place of,more thanThe Governments Inactivity:Despite the alarming numbers,the federal and state governments have been slow in implementing programs to stop the spread of the AIDS.(Para.3)Back1)In place of the g
43、overnments inactivity,a number of local organizations have emerged.(Para.3)2)One of them,suffering from a lack of money,uses its resources creatively.(Para.4)3)As a result,such books actually have more effect in the communitiesthan government publications(Para.9)Local Organizations Creative Involvem
44、ent3.Comparison and Contrast 对比法对比法 Part I(para.1-2)A serious disease named as AIDS was diagnosed in the U.S.A.in the late 1970s;and since then it has been a big threat to the American society.Phenomenon description (现象法现象法)Main idea?Devices for developing it?Part IIPart IIIPart IV下一页下一页BackSince th
45、en,AIDS has killed more than 204,000 Americans half in the past few years alone.Another 185,000 of the one million infected with the HIV virus are also expected to die.(Para.1)Nearly half of those diagnosed with the virus are blacks and Latinos.Women and youth in rural Southern communities now const
46、itute the fastest growing segment of people with AIDS.(Para.2)Phenomenon description (现象法现象法)返回返回Back Part II(para.3-6)In contrast to the governments inactivity,some local organizations have made efforts to fight against AIDS creatively.Deduction (演绎法）演绎法）Main idea?Devices for developing it?Part IPa
47、rt IIIPart IV下一页下一页上一页上一页Back Deduction(演绎法演绎法)General statement:To reach more people in the community,some AIDS educational programs(of the network)operate out of a beauty shop.(Para.4)Specific statements:1).The owner hands out AIDS information to all her clients when they enter the shop and shows
48、videos on AIDS prevention while they wait for their hair to dry.She also keeps books and other publications around so customers can read them while waiting for their appointments.(Para.5)2)Recently,the network began helping hair stylists throughout the Southeast set up similar programs in their shop
49、s.(Para.6)返回返回BackThe organization has generalized some practical methods which are useful to other similar groups.Problem-solution-evaluation (解题法解题法)Main idea?Devices for developing it?Part IPart IIPart IVListing(列举法列举法)下一页下一页上一页上一页 Part III(Para.713)BackListing(列举法列举法)1)Speak to your community in
50、 a way they can hear.(Para.8)2)Train teenagers to educate their peers.(Para.10)3)Redefine“at risk”to include women from different backgrounds and marriage status.(Para.11)返回返回BackMany communities have a low literacy rate,making impossible passing out AIDS literature and expecting people to read it.P
