1、Proof ReadingProof Reading 短文改错短文改错命题特点命题特点 用来命题的短文内容与学生的学习生用来命题的短文内容与学生的学习生活非常贴近，好像就是学生的习作。活非常贴近，好像就是学生的习作。长度均在长度均在100词左右。词左右。这些材料都是记叙文。这些材料都是记叙文。新课标卷的设题通常是：新课标卷的设题通常是：1处多处多1个词，个词，1处少处少1个词，个词，8处错处错1个词。个词。1）短文长度短文长度 依据高考近两年全国卷全国卷I和和II进行分析，特别是2015年，词数都是106，故此题的短文长度应在105-110个词之间。行数：7细看题目规范 短文改错（共10小题，
2、每小题一分，满分10分）文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词 1.I can go to home now.2.I like playing piano.3.I am fond at English.theWrong wordMissing wordofUnnecessary word高考短文改错的考察方式（格式要规范）设疑方式错词（8）、漏词（1）、多词（1）短文改错应
3、注意的问题短文改错应注意的问题 四不改四不改:标点符号不改。标点符号不改。大小写不改。大小写不改。词序错误不改。词序错误不改。在纲外生词不改。在纲外生词不改。Steps of correcting a composition:Steps of correcting a composition:1.Go through the whole passage to get a general idea.(浏览全文，掌握大意）浏览全文，掌握大意）2.Read the passage sentence by sentence and find the mistakes.（分句阅读，逐行找错）（分句阅读，
4、逐行找错）3.Read the passage for the third time,check the answers and correct the difficult ones.（检查核对，攻克难点）（检查核对，攻克难点）动词形，名词数动词形，名词数 还要注意形和副还要注意形和副 非谓语，细辨别非谓语，细辨别代词格，细领悟代词格，细领悟 A Limerick介词、短语要记住介词、短语要记住 冠词连词常光顾冠词连词常光顾 逻辑错误理清楚逻辑错误理清楚一、动词形一、动词形 主要包括两类错误：动词的主要包括两类错误：动词的时态时态和和语态语态错误，以及错误，以及主、谓不一致主、谓不一致的错误。
5、的错误。We must found ways to protect our environment.2015全国课标卷全国课标卷find缺少谓语动词（尤其缺缺少谓语动词（尤其缺be动词）动词）She afraid of staying at home alone.is：Anyone can borrow books if he or she wish.：You can sit at the desk and read the daily newspapers,magazines and the other books,but you are not permit to take them ou
6、t.wishespermittedNot only the students but also the teacher like the film.likes二、名词数二、名词数 指指名词单、复数形式名词单、复数形式的用法错误。的用法错误。：Personally,I found most lesson rather uninteresting.lessons 错误类型：名词单复数错误；名词所有格错误。改正方法：分析修饰语的单复数意义、主谓一致的特点和语境意义可以发现并改正名词单复数错误。分析前后两个名词之间有无所属关系可以发现并改正名词所有格错误。常考的不可数名词有常考的不可数名词有fun,p
7、rogress,advice,information,equipment,furniture,news等。等。二、名词数二、名词数 在在several,few,many,one of,a couple of,three,one and a half,a large number of,scores of,dozens of等词语后，或虽没有这等词语后，或虽没有这些词但语境提示我们，些词但语境提示我们，本应接复数可数名词本应接复数可数名词的，但文中却用了单数。如：的，但文中却用了单数。如：For example,we can do reading for one and a half hour
8、and2014课标课标IIhours 像像advice,fun,homework,information,news,progress,equipment,furniture,baggage,luggage,jewellery,clothing等不可等不可数名词是数名词是没有复数形式的，没有复数形式的，但在文中却用但在文中却用了复数。如：了复数。如：It felt very strange to travel without any luggages.2011课标课标.(luggages luggage)本应用名词的所有格的，但文中没有用。本应用名词的所有格的，但文中没有用。如：如：When I
9、 finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.2011课标课标(my friend my friends)例例1give me some advices on how to write like a real writer.例例2Christie was one of my best friend at high school.例例3When I finally arrived at my friend he lent me lots of clothes.例例4I was playing at my cousin house
10、.名词当堂练名词当堂练advicefriendsfriendscousins三、还要注意形和副三、还要注意形和副 注意注意形容词和副词形容词和副词在句子中的作用和具体用在句子中的作用和具体用法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。形容词法。这也是高考短文改错题的常考点。形容词和副词的和副词的比较级和最高级比较级和最高级也是考察的重点。也是考察的重点。形容词形容词在句中作定语在句中作定语,表语，补语表语，补语副词副词在句中作状语，修饰动词，形容词，整句在句中作状语，修饰动词，形容词，整句 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and
11、 little aggressive.lessWe are growing wonderfully tomatoes at no cost!2014课标课标IThe fruits are small in size,but juicy（多汁的）（多汁的）and taste.2014课标课标ILots of studies have shown that global warming has already become a veryseriously problem.2015课标课标II am awfully tiring.2013浙江浙江 Dad and I were terrible wo
12、rried.2015课课标标I I wonderfultastyserioustiredterribly四、非谓语，细辨别四、非谓语，细辨别 这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有这是考查最多的错误形式之一。主要有现现在分词、过去分词，在分词、过去分词，和和不定式不定式错误。错误。to do 表目的或将来表目的或将来 doing 表主动进行表主动进行 done表被动完成表被动完成 一般说来，一般说来，句中已有谓语动词句中已有谓语动词，再出，再出现动词，现动词，其前面又没有并列连词时其前面又没有并列连词时，该动，该动词应词应为非谓语动词为非谓语动词。我们应根据该非谓语。我们应根据该非谓语动词在句中所
13、作句子成分，以及它与逻辑动词在句中所作句子成分，以及它与逻辑主语的关系，来确定用具体的形式。主语的关系，来确定用具体的形式。After looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found that his parents were missing.2015全国卷全国卷make their friendship to last long.2014大纲大纲A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside the shop.2015课标卷课标卷I look forward to
14、 see her again in the near future.2010大纲大纲lookingseeingtold五五、代词代词格，格，细领悟细领悟1人 称人 称代词代词主格主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they宾格宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them2物 主物 主代词代词形容词形容词性性my,your,his,her,its,our,their名词性名词性 mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs3 反身代词反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,
15、yourselves,themselves4 指示代词指示代词this,that,these,those,such,some5 疑问代词疑问代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whichever,whatever6 关系代词关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose,as7 不定代词不定代词one/some/any,each/every,none/no,many/much,few/little/a few/a little,other/another,all/both,neither/either 上下文的人称不一致。如：上下文的人称不一致。
16、如：Thank you very much for showing them around your city and providing us with the wonderful meals.(them us)2011大纲大纲 上下文的单复数不一致。如：上下文的单复数不一致。如：both of them have similar ideas Otherwise,it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship last long.(him them)2014大纲大纲 上下文的性别不一致。如：上下
17、文的性别不一致。如：Before her leaving,I prepared a gift to show my best wishes to him.She said(him her)2010大纲大纲 人称代词格的误用。如：人称代词格的误用。如：Li Mings parents invited I to spend two wonderful weeks in Qingdao with them(I me)2007课标课标 人称代词、反身代词、疑问代词等的人称代词、反身代词、疑问代词等的错用。如：错用。如：He had a deep voice,which set himself apar
18、t from others(从句主语从句主语which是指是指the voice,这种声音这种声音使使“他他”与别人分离与别人分离,故改故改himself为为him)2013课标课标I：We must find ways to protect your environment.2015课标课标 Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.2015全国卷全国卷 ourhis 主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其主要考查习惯搭配方面的基础知识，其错误表现形式主要有三种：错误表现形式主要有三种：多词、少词和搭多词、少词和搭配错误。配错误。in Sunday afternoo
19、n catch a sight oflose my heart in hurry aon六、介词短语要记住六、介词短语要记住 常用介词的错用。如：常用介词的错用。如：Therefore,we have more time with after-school activities.2014课标课标IIfor 固定词组中的介词误用。如：固定词组中的介词误用。如：and with the help by our father,my sister and I planted some cherry tomatoes 2014课标课标Iof 固定词组中的介词漏用。如：固定词组中的介词漏用。如：We ca
20、n lie on the grass for a rest,or sit by the lake listening music.2014课课标标IIto冠词冠词 基本用法：单数可数名词前，表示基本用法：单数可数名词前，表示“一一个个/段段/座座/本本.”等时要用等时要用a或或an；表示；表示特特指时指时用用the。固定短语中多用，少用或错用冠词。如：固定短语中多用，少用或错用冠词。如：As result,the plants are growing everywhere.2014课标课标As a result七、冠词、连词常光顾七、冠词、连词常光顾例例1Besides,a friend is
21、 always good listener when you need one.例例2Just before I turned corner of Park Street,I happened to see an accident.例例3 Besides,Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day.athean冠词当堂练冠词当堂练常考的错误形式有：常考的错误形式有：连词连词but,however,and,or,because,so,when,before,after,which,that,what 的用法错误的用法错误 连词连词（1）and与
22、与but用混。这是考得最多用混。这是考得最多的微考点。如：的微考点。如：The more friends we have,the more we can learn from one another,but the more pleasure we can share together.2014大纲大纲(but and，前后没有转折关系，前后没有转折关系)（2）although/though/while不与不与but连用；连用；since/as/because不与不与so连用。如：连用。如：Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same
23、place year after year,but we have never had any disease 2014课标课标I(去掉去掉but或改为或改为yet)and与与or。Whats more,we can go to work by bike once and twice a week2012大大纲纲(and or)which与与what。That is which other teachers say.2013辽宁辽宁(which what)so与与or。We were warned not to cheat again so she would need to see our
24、parents.2013四川四川(so因此因此or否则否则)after与与before。Before waiting for about half an hour,I was beginning to get impatient.2013陕陕西西(Before After逻辑逻辑)多用或少用连词。如：多用或少用连词。如：With little sleep and hardly any break,so he works from morning till night.2013辽辽宁宁So if they had said was true,I would have a chance of wi
25、nning the prize.2010大纲大纲what 错用错用that引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。如：如：Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner,that might not be served until 8 oclock at night.2013课标课标IIwhich 八.逻辑关系 理清楚错误类型：否定词特别是not、never等的漏用；连词的多用、少用和误用；定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的误用，特别是which与that的误用；名词性从句中连接词的误用，特
26、别是what和that的误用。改正方法：在整句理解的基础上，理清前后句的逻辑关系，特别注意and、or、but、after、before、however、therefore、besides、unless、if等词的使用是否正确。另外，考生在理解句意的基础上正确判断句子结构和层次，判断定语从句和名词性从句引导词的使用是否正确。逻辑关系当堂练逻辑关系当堂练例例1 All I had to do was to write a story or present it.例例2 It turned out to be her own cup,that shed left on the shelf by m
27、istake.例例3 In the end,we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.andwhichuntil/till1.2015课标卷课标卷I When I was a child,I hoped to live in thecity.I think I would be happy there.Now I am living in a city,but I miss my home in countryside.There the air is clean or the mounta
28、ins are green.andthe thought Unfortunately,on the development of industrialization,the environment has beenpolluted.Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.serious with The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.Much rare animals are
29、 dying out.We must found ways to protect your environment.If we fail to do so,well live to regret it.our/the find Manyair2.2015课标卷课标卷 II One day,little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.It was very crowded.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.He liked itso very much that he quickly walked in
30、to theshop.in parentsAfter looks at the toy for some time,he turned around and found where his parents were missing.Tony was scared and begun to cry.A woman saw him crying and tellinghim to wait outside a shop.the told began that looking Five minutes later,Tony saw parents.Momsaid,“How nice to see you again!Dad and I were terrible worried.”Tony promised her that this would never happen again.terriblyhis
