1、不定冠词不定冠词a/an，分类分类 定冠词定冠词 the，零冠词（不用冠词）零冠词（不用冠词）一一、冠词的泛指、特指和类指、冠词的泛指、特指和类指 泛指是指首次提到的，不限定的人或事物。特指是指上文已经提到的人或事物，或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定的人或事物，也可以指说话双方所默认的特定的人或事物。类指是指具有共同性质或典型特征的事物的一个类别。二二:冠词的泛指和特指用法冠词的泛指和特指用法:单数单数可数可数名词名词一定一定要用要用冠词冠词a/anthe泛指单一泛指单一,每一每一,任一事物任一事物指类别指类别特指特指上文提到过的人或事物上文提到过的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限度的人或事被限制
2、性修饰语所限度的人或事物物说话双方默认的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物世上独一无二的事物世上独一无二的事物指类别指类别复数复数可数可数名词名词和不和不可数可数名词名词the特特指指上文提到的人或事物上文提到的人或事物 被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物被限制性修饰语所限定的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物说话双方默认的人或事物零冠零冠词词泛指的人或事物泛指的人或事物指类别指类别三三:不定代词不定代词a/an的惯用法的惯用法1、当紧挨着冠词的第一个音素是辅音音素辅音音素时，用a.当紧挨着冠词的第一个音素是元音音素元音音素时，用an.如:a unvesity;a useful animal;an unc
3、le;an X-ray;an 800-meter race 注意：开始读元音的字母或数字前用an，除a,e,I,o,u外还有f,h,l,m,n,r,s,x2.用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物 A cat is an animal.猫是一种动物。Hes a Frenchman.他是个法国人。但不可数名词前可加someGive me some milk.3.泛指某人某物，但未具体说明何人何物A boy is waiting for me.一个男孩正在等我Her husband is a Smith.她的丈夫是史密斯家族的4、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one 强I shall fi
4、nish it in a day or two.注意区分any，one，a5.有the same;every/per/each的意思,表示相同的/每一。e.g The two boys are of an age.(the same age)I earn 10 dollars an hour.(every hour)6.第一次提到某物 I looked up and saw a plane.我抬头看见了一架飞机7.不定冠词通常置于别的形容词之前 An interesting book a pretty gril例外：（1）用在such,what,many之后 eg：What a fine da
5、y!Many a boy(很多男孩）（2）当名词前的形容词被so,as,too,how,however,no more,enough修饰时，a/an放在形容词之后 eg；So short a time Too long a distence（3）有quite,rather时一般其后，但名词前有形容词修饰时，可前后eg：He is quite a fellow他是个相当了不起的人 It is quite a/a quite good book.She is rather a dear.她是个相当可爱的女孩儿 She is rather an/a rather old woman 她是个相当老的女
6、人（4）遇见half时，不定冠词可前可后 half an hour=a half hour half a mile=a half mail 半英里 但在and后用a half one month and a half=one and a half month 一个半月 8.用于某些物质名词或抽象名词前,表示“一种、一类、一份、一场、一阵”.e.g That is a green tea.They were caught in a heavy rain.a pleasure/a success/a failure 9.用在某些抽象名词前，a certain+抽象名词，表示某种情绪 a certa
7、in sadness 某种悲伤感 a certain happiness 某种幸福感 抽象名词被一个形容词修饰或被一个of短语限定时 a good memory e.g He has a knowledge of chemistry.The get-together was a great success.Her book is a collection of short stories.10.用在专有名词前用在姓名，作品前，表示“具有 特征的人、的作品”eg：He wishes to become an Eidison.他希望成为爱迪生那样的人Mother bought her a comp
8、lete Mo Yan.母亲给她买了本莫言全集用于带头衔的“姓”前，意为“一位姓 的小姐/先生”，表示说话人对此人不认识eg:A Mr.Wang came to see you just now.刚刚有位王先生来见你用于地名前，指某时的某地或者某种样子的某地Did you dream such a London.你有梦想过这样的伦敦吗It is not such a Shanghai as it was ten years ago 这已经不是10年前的上海了11.当sun，sky，moon等独一无二的名词被描绘性形容词修饰表达某种意境时 eg：a bright/new/full moon a
9、dark/free/sad world 12.用于下列特殊结构中 “a/an+单数名词+of+a+单数名词”，其中第一个名词相当于一个形容词 eg：an angle of a girl 天使般的女孩 a mountain of a wave 山一样高的海浪注：第一个不定冠词可以换成this，the，that，my，your等“be of a+名词”，表示不同事物的共同性 eg：The machines are of a kind。“be of a+形容词修饰的名词”，表示人或物的特性 eg：The knife is of a great use.这把刀很有用 He is of a large
10、size.他的块头很大have/take+a+抽象名词=该名词动词词义 I have had a long talk with him on the subject.=I have long talked with him on the subject have a walk(n.)=walk(v.)have a rest=rest have a dance/look/bath/quarrel13.固定搭配have a cold;have a good time;have a word with;keep a diary in a hurry;at a loss;do sb.a favour;
11、at a diatance;a collection of once upon a time e.g This picture looks beautiful at a distance.He was at a loss when he heard this news.【口诀】泛指首提为最多，有时表示某“一个”；物质抽象表“一场”，So加形容再“a”；可数名词为“一类”，序数词前“又一个”Quite等词常放后，固定短语须琢磨。1.My cousin,Peter has become _university student.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 2.The girl with
12、_umbrella in hand is studying in _university.A.a,a B.a,an C.an,an D.an,a 3.It had been dry for so long a time,so everyone is looking forward to _heavy rain at time.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 4.Without _penny(分）with him,he had traveled for half _year.A.a,a B.不填,不填 C.an,an D.a,an5.He published _ one-million-
13、word thick book last year.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 6.Take this medicine three times _day and you will be better tomorrm A.a B.an C.the D.不填 7._ orphan is _ child one of whose parents were died when he was born.A.a,a B.an,a C.the,the D.不填,不填 8.I have to get my English book in the classroom.Please wait for
14、 me for _ moment.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 9.Have you seen _ pencil?I left it on _table this morning.A.a,a B.a,the C.the,the D.the,a 10.I am afraid of _dog.Can I go behind you?A.the B.a C.an D.不填 11.There used to be _ lot of birds in the trees.But now there is _few birds there becausethey are killed by fo
15、olish men.A.a,a B.a,不填 C.不填，不填 D.不填,a 12.I bought _English dictionary yesterday and _English dictionary is _useful guidance book for me to learn English.A.a,the,a B.an,the,an C.an,the,a D.a,the,an 13.In this way,you can shoot two birds with _stone.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 四、定冠词的主要用法四、定冠词的主要用法1.表示特指某人或某物和
16、彼此都知道的事物。The gril in red is my sisiter.The man over there is our English teacher.Open the door,please.2.第二次提到的人或物 I find a man in the street;the man said he got a new job.3.表示世界上独一无二的事物。the earth;the moon;the Great Wall4.用在序数词、形容词最高级前面。the first the second 注:相当于形容词最高级的形容词也要加the，例如same，very，only，uniq
17、ue，main，chief等5.用在表单位的名词前，意为“每，每一”。I have hired a car by the hour.(按小时)Eggs are sold by the dozen.(按每12个)注：交通工具不加theby air,by boat,by sea,by car,by bus,by taxi,by walk6.用在表示西洋乐器（当成课程不加）、身体部位、方位的名词前She plays the piano（the violin/the flute）Guangdong is in the south of China.the east,the past,the west,
18、the future,the left在句型“动词人介词the身体部位”中the不可以用人称代词代替take sb.by the arm(抓住某人手臂)hit sb.In the face(打某人的脸)7.用在单数名词前，表该名词全体总称或用在形容词/过去分词前表一类人。the poor;the rich;the youngThe cow is a useful animal.牛是有用的动物【例】man,woman 代表全体时不加冠词Man for the field；woman for the hearth.男主外女主内。8.专有名词和定冠词用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前t
19、he West Lake;the Yellow River;the Red Sea注：孤岛、独山或湖不是复数形式专有名词，不用冠词，湖名前有of时lake要加the Mt.Tai(泰山)Hainan（Island）海南 the lake of Constance 康斯坦茨湖用在年代，朝代和逢十的数词（表某个年代）前 the Tang Dynasty;in the 1990s机关、学校、医院、商店或其他公共建筑物的名称，船、舰、舰队、铁道的名称the White House the Red Cross Hospitalthe Victoria 维多利亚战舰 the Queen Marry 玛丽皇
20、后号【例】London University/Bridge Oxford University 牛津大学 Yale University 耶鲁大学 Westminster Abbey 威斯敏特大教堂 为了与人名作区别，除了加定冠词，船名加引号或用斜体词the“Liaoning”辽宁舰 the Hai chi 书籍、报纸、杂志的名称加theThe Bible 圣经 the New York Times 纽约时报专有名词以A词开头时，以人名为书名时不用theA Daily Use of English-Chinese Dictionary 日用英汉词典复数姓氏前用the表全家人，用在国家和民族的形
21、容词前表示该国的人民。the Chinese;the English When will you invite the Chens to dinner，mother?语言名词之后有language时，用the English=the English language专有名词做普通名词或被性质形容词修饰时用the He is the Newton of the age.他是当代的牛顿 the ambitious Caesar He is the living Lei Feng of our era.他是我们时代的活雷锋9.用在thevery强调句中ThisistheverybookIwant.这
22、就是我想要的那本书。10.在themore,themore比较级的句式中Themoreyoudrink,themoreyoulikeit.你越喝就越爱喝。11.固定搭配。一日中的时间 in the morning/afternoon/evening/nighton the night 后面必须接ofat dawn/dusk/noon/midnight 不用the 场所 时间 light 在亮处 in the meantime/long run 同时/终于 dark 在暗处 at the same time 同时 sun 在阳光下 for the time being 暂时in the shad
23、e 在阴凉处 all the year round 一整年 rain 在雨中 the other day 前几天 ocean 在海里 distance 在远处其他 gotothebeach listentothemusic on the contrary on the other hand【口诀】序数词最高级，习惯用语要牢记。沙漠河流与群山，岛屿海峡和海湾；阶级党派国家名，组织团体和机关；方位朝代最高级，会议条约及报刊；人体部位发明物，顺序唯一加习惯；乐器建筑海洋类，年代姓氏复数前；特定比较涵义时，定冠词the都不删。五五:零冠词的几种情况零冠词的几种情况:1.用在人名、地名、国家名等专有名词
24、前一般不加冠词 China Europe LeiFeng WilliamShakespeare2.纯不可数名词，复数名词前表泛指fun;space;advice;progress;information;newsHores are useful animals.They are teachers.3.季节、月份、节日、星期等之前，一般不加冠词。(除了特指某前的季节等，中国传统节日前必加定冠词）on Sunday;prefer summer to winter on the spring of 2009 May Day ；New Years Day The Spring Festival4.三餐
25、、球类、棋类、学科等名称前，一般不加冠词。play football;play chess;have lunch5.称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前，不加冠词。Doctor,I am not feeling well.6.中国乐器前不加冠词。play erhu;play piba7.在与by连用交通工具名称前不加冠词。by car8.用在一些并列词前 father and son master and servant old and young day and night one by one from door to door9.在下列结构中，of后面的普通名词不加冠词 a kind
26、of；styles of；types of;a form of;a sort of10.在turn，go（变成、成为）后作补语的名词前不加冠词。除了become His dream of turning great leader came true.He was a teacher before he turned lawyer。11.as引导的让步状语从句句型中的单数名词前.零冠词单数名词as/though+主谓主句（虽然.但是）e.g.Hero as he is,he is still modest.Child as she is,she knows a lot.12.表地点的词指原有用途
27、时为抽象名词，表状态、行为、活动The children go to school every morningHe lives near the school.13.固定搭配。【口诀】年季月周节日餐，人地抽名物质专；成对使用及洲名，学科球棋和语言Turn之表语头衔前，独立主格时无冠；可数名词代修饰，让步倒装名形前；交通工具冠词删，灵活运用是关键。六、特殊情况六、特殊情况 1.the+序数词 （第）the second chance a+序数词(又一，再一）a second chance 2.the+独一无二的名词the moon;the earth a+独一无二的名词 a full moon;
28、3.the+最高级（三者或以上中最).a+最高级（无比较之意，表非常）He is the most deligent students in the class.It is a most useful book.4.部分词组中有冠词和没有冠词其含义不同。一般说来，名词前无冠词，则表示抽象意义；名词前有冠词，则表示具体意义。out of problem不成问题 take place发生 out of the problem不可能 take the place of代替in hospital，at table in front of in the hospitalat the table in t
29、he front of，on earth of age成年 lose colour脸色苍白 on the earth of an age 同岁 lose the colour褪色5.在同一个名词之前有两个形容词并列时，若指两个人或两件东西，每个形容词前都需要加冠词；若指同一人或同一件东西，只有第一个形容词前需要冠词。a black and white horsea black and a white horsethe black and white horsethe black and the white horsethe black and white horses练习二：1.Look,_
30、water in this river is so polluted that the fish cant live in it.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 2.Open _door and _windows please.We need some fresh air.A.a,the B.a,不填 C.the,the D.不填,the 3._Great Wall is _wonder(奇观)in _world.A.the,the,the B.a,a,a C.the,a,the D.不填,the,the 4._Yangtze River is _ first longest rive
31、r in China.A.the,the B.a,the C.a,a D.the,a 5._paper was invented by _Chinese people a long time ago.A.不填，the B.不填，不填 C.the,the D.the,不填 6._Asia and _America are separated(分开)by _Pacific Ocean.A.the,the,the B.the,the,不填 C.不填，不填，the D.the,不填,the 7.Alexander Graham Bell invented _telephone in 1876.A.不填
32、 B.a C.the D.one 8.Where is my dad,mum?He is in _hospital and he has _ headache A.the,the B.the,a C.不填，a D.不填，the 9._girl who is dressed in a red skirt over there is my sister.A.the B.a C.this D.不填 10.After _supper,we often go for _walk in _nearby woods.A.the,a,the B.不填,a，the C.the,a,不填 D.不填,a,不填 11._good advice you have given me when I am in _trouble!A.What a,the B.How a,the C.What,不填 D.How,不填 12.I like playing _football and _piano in my free time.A.不填,the B.不填,不填 C.the,the D.the,不填 13.This song is very popular with _young.A.a B.an C.the D.不填 The End
