1、2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题参考答案一、Section I Use of English (10 points)1.B 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.B 9.A 10.B11.A 12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.C 17.A 18.C 19.D 20.D 二、Section II Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)21.D 22.B 23.A 24.C 25.D 26.C 27.C 28.A 29.D 30.B31.A 32.B 33.B 34.D 35.C 36.C
2、37.D 38.B 39.A 40.APart B (10 points)41.C 42. D 43. A 44.F 45. GPart C (10 points) 自从亚里士多德时代以来，寻求普遍原则的探寻便已成为科学事业的特征。从某些方面而言，这种对共性的追求诠释了科学的内涵。牛顿的运动定律和达尔文的进化论都是将众多不同现象圈定在一个单一的解释性框架中。46）物理学中，有一种方法将这种追求一致性的想法推向了极端，并试图找到一种适合宇宙万物的理论，即找到一个放之四海而皆准的方程式。然而，不甚清楚的是就其所涵盖的方面和领域而言，这种单一理论过于简单化。尽管如此，追求多样性的统一依然是一个主要目
3、标。自然科学的这种趋势在社会科学领域早已显而易见。47）在社会科学中，达尔文主义似乎也提供了正确的解释，因为所有人类都有共同的起源；这样似乎就有理由假设，文化差异亦可追溯到更为一致的开端。正如各种令人眼花缭乱的人类求偶仪式可能都被认为是性选择，也许世界上的语言、音乐、社会和宗教习俗，甚至历史的形式均具有普遍特征。48）从共性中找出个性也许能使我们理解，复杂的文化行为是如何产生的，是什么在进化或认知方面指导着这种文化行为。那至少是希望。但是，今日网上公布的一项语言特征的比较研究提供了一个现实的检测。奥克兰大学的罗素格雷（Russell Gray）和他的同事根据前人所做的两次试图发现语言普遍性的研
4、究来考量语法的演变。为寻求语言普遍性而做出努力的人当中最著名的当属乔姆斯基，他认为人类与生俱来掌握一种内在语言，这一习得能力说明存在着一种普遍语法，一些生成规则便可揭示某种语言的整个基本结构，这结构能够说明为什么孩童能很快掌握某种语言。49）第二个为此付出努力的人是约书亚格林伯格，他采取了更加经验性的方法来分析语言的共性，并且确认了众多语言所共有的特征（特别是在词序方面），而这些共有特征被认为反映了认知的局限性所导致的偏见。 格雷和他的同事们通过研究4个语系来测试这些特征，这4个语系共包括2000多种语言。50）乔姆斯基的语法应该展示语言变迁的模式，这些模式独立于语系或依赖该语系而生成的路径，
5、而格林伯格的共性理论则预言了词序关系的特殊类别之间存在着强烈的相互依存性。这两种模式都未经分析考证，说明语言结构与语系相关，并非具有普遍性。（注：对个别阅读理解的答案有待讨论）三、Section WritingPart A51.Directions:Some international students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for th
6、eir campus life here.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)参考范文：Dear international students:Im writing to welcome you to our university on behalf of the Students Union. It is a
7、great pleasure for us to have you here on campus. Since it is the first time for you to visit China, you may find the life interesting but challenging. We will do whatever we can to make it easy for you to adapt to the new campus life. Before setting out, youd better pack some warm clothes for it wi
8、ll be quite cold when you arrive. After your arrival, you can read the campus map given and tour around the campus to enjoy the beautiful view and locate the facilities for your convenience. You can also take part in some activities organized by the Students Union or students societies, as it might
9、be a good opportunity for you to make friends and learn about Chinese culture and customs. If you have any questions, please contact us and the Students Union is ready to offer you great help. We look forward to meeting you soon.Your sincerely,Li MingPart B52.Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 wor
10、ds based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should describe the drawing briefly, explain its intended meaning, and give you comments. You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)参考范文：The picture is vividly presented. It depicts the following scene: Upon seeing a fallen bottle and
11、the spilt liquid, one man seems to be drowned in sorrow, regretting “Now it is all over.” Whereas, the other man reacts quite oppositely, saying “Luckily, there is still some left.” The picture intends to draw the readers attention to two different attitudes towards life, namely, optimism and pessim
12、ism. As for me, being optimistic is a better choice. When confronted with setbacks, some of us are likely to feel depressed and to be preoccupied with the loss. On the contrary, those who are wise and courageous tend to look at the positive side of everything. Optimism brings hope to these people, d
13、rives them forward and keeps them from undue sorrow. To sum up, we can be optimists or pessimists; our choice greatly affects our lives. Obviously, it is the right attitude towards life to cherish a better way of living and always look on the bright side, just as an old saying goesIt is no use crying over spilt milk.4
