1、同学们，我们一起来复习下Unit1-4有哪些重点语法知识呢？一、重点词汇【Unit1知识梳理】1Later the government realized the problem and took action to improve the situation.(P9)后来政府意识到这个问题并采取行动去改善这种情况。（1）realize v. 意识到；实现= 【典例分析】My dream comes true.=I realize my dream.（2）improve v. 提高；改善；改进 n.提高，改进；【搭配】improve living standard 提高生活水平; improv
2、e your English 改善你的英语；【典例分析】Do you know how to improve your memory?标注：come true Improvement2Now the river is much cleaner. (P9)现在河流干净了很多。此处的much 用于修饰形容词比较级。类似的用法还有： 【典例分析】-How do you feel today? -Even worse.标注：much; still; even; far; a little; a bit; a lot;3We mainly communicate by email. The Intern
3、et makes communication much easier.我们主要通过邮件交流。英特网使我们的交流变得更容易。(P16)communicate v. 交流 ,沟通；【搭配】： 与.沟通；通话; 用.语言沟通 n.交流 ,沟通；【典例分析】 We can communicate with people in most parts of the world by telephone. Everything you do is based on some type of communication.标注：communicate with sb 与.沟通；通话 ;communicate i
4、n 用.语言沟通 Communication4But now the street is wide and clean, with many green trees on both sides. 但是现在街道宽敞而干净，两边有许多绿树。(P19)with prep. 和（就前原则），跟; 随着; 关于; 和一致; With+宾语+宾语补足语，表示伴随以.(用作伴随状语)【典例分析】It is dangerous to leave the house with the stove on. It may cause a terrible fire. （介词做补语） Goldfish sleep w
5、ith eyes open.（形容词做补语） With the development of China, peoples living condition has been improved a lot. Tome with his parents (be) in China now.标注：with连接主语时是就前原则。Key:is【搭配】agree with 同意，符合 with pleasure 很乐意 make friends with. shake hands with. do with = meet with 标注：make friends with.与.交朋友 shake han
6、ds with.与.握手do with处理=deal with meet with 偶遇5The government has also built shops and tall buildings in some large open space.政府也在许多大的空地上建造了商场和高楼。(P19)open space 开阔的空地space: n.空间,余地（=room），太空 【典例分析】What is the future of humans in space？【搭配】spaceship spaceman make space for living space 标注：spaceship 太
7、空船 spaceman 宇航员 make space for 为.腾出地方 living space 生存空间 【Unit2知识梳理】1use用法常见的词组有： 使用某物做某事e.g.: People use knives to cut things. 为了使用e.g.: He uses the Pad for fun. . （用于过去持续或经常发生的事）曾经e.g.: There used to be a factory here. He used to go home before 8 oclock. 习惯于某事/做某事e.g.: I have been in Nanjing for 8
8、years, and I am used to the life and climate here.She is now getting used to going home for dinner.【批注】 adj. useless（无用的）; useful（有用的） use sth. to do sth 使用某物做某事 use sth for sth. 为了使用 used to do sth. （用于过去持续或经常发生的事）曾经 be/ get used to sth/ doing sth. 习惯于某事/做某事2I usually use it to search for informati
9、on. (P35) 我通常用它来查询信息。1) search/s:t/ v. 搜寻【拓展】常见表达： 为了某物/某事搜身e.g.: The policeman is searching everyone for the diamond.The class teacher searched the desk for the lost money. ： 搜某地e.g.: I searched all the roads I walk past, but found nothing. 【批注】search sb.(for sth.) 为了某物/某事搜身 search + 地点： 搜某地 search
10、 & search for的区分： search 强调直接搜索（某人/ 某物/ 某地）; 而search for是寻找，search for food寻找食物；意义不同是主要的差别。 3Further on is Times Square. (P37) 再往前走就是时代广场。【拓展】further& fartherfarther与further都是形容词和副词far的比较级：farfartherfarthest ; farfurtherfurthest 【辨析】但是它们在词义和用法上却有区别。 ：e.g.: There was a large shop on the farther side
11、of the street. We cant go any farther without a rest. ：e.g.: There is a cottage on the further side of the hill. It turned out a further distance than he had imagined. ：e.g.: Have you any further questions to ask? We intend to stay for a further two months. If you need further information, I suggest
12、 you go to the library. 【批注】 farther一般只用于表示有形距离的“较远”、“更远”： further既可表示有形距离的“较远”、“更远”： further也还可表示“更多的”；“另一些”；“进一步的”；“而且”；“此外”等等： 4My dad has just returned from the USA. (P42) 我爸爸刚从美国回来。1) return中文释义为：返回，回来，为瞬间性动词，若换为延续性动词，需改为：be backe.g.:- Has your dad returned? - Yes, he has been back for two days
13、.【拓展】同义词组： （注意任务型阅读和同义句）e.g.: My father has just returned. =My father has just come back.【批注】同义词组：come back 5Sydney is on the north-east coast of Australia. (P 43) 悉尼在澳大利亚的东北岸。1). 表示方向的词东西南北分别如下，值得注意的是若表示 “东南”等方向时，需要按照 “先南北，后东西的顺序”.e.g.: Heilongjiang is in the northeast of China.【辨析】2). 方位词前的介词应用：in
14、; on; to (以east为例) in the east of 表示前者在后者内部的东部，即前者属于后者；如下图e.g.: Shanghai is in the east of China. on the east of. 表示前者在后者的东部，但是两者相接壤；如下图 e.g.: Korea is on the east of China. to the east of表示前者与后者即不包含，又不接壤，这种结构还可以写成：A is east of B. 如下图 e.g.: Japan is to the east of China. = Japan is east of China. 6W
15、ould you mind showing me how to start this online tour? (P44) 请你演示一下如何开始这个在线旅游好吗？1) mind vt. 介意，在意mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事，此处，sb正式的形式用形容词性物主代词，但一般情况下，用宾格代替：e.g.: Do you mind my (me) opening the window? n. 意识，主意 e.g.: I will not change my mind. Never mind 没关系e.g.: -Sorry, I left my book at home.-
16、Never mind. would you mind.的回答：虽然是一般疑问句的句式，但一般不用yes和no直接回答，而用比较委婉的方式，若是介意，则用：Sorry, Im afraid you cant./ Youd better not.若是不介意，则用：Of course not./ Not at all.e.g.: -Would you mind showing me around your school?- Of course not.7-Thank you for your help. - My pleasure. (P44) -谢谢你的帮助。-不客气。1) pleasure n.
17、 荣幸 Its ones pleasure to do sth. 做某事时某人的荣幸。e.g.: Its my pleasure to help you.【辨析】 my pleasure & with pleasure区分两者都是客气的回答方式，但是(its ) my pleasure通常用于对别人的感谢之词的回答，而with pleasure则是应允帮助别人的回答，即一个是对已经完成的事情的回答，另一个是未做的事情。e.g.: -Can you help me carry the heavy bag? - With pleasure. -Thank you for helping me wi
18、th all kinds of problems. - Its my pleasure. /My pleasure. = Youre welcome. 8It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. (P47)它（英国）由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士和爱尔兰组成。1) be made of .由组成e.g.: Our class is made up of 32 boys and 23 girls.【拓展】回顾：be made from 由 制成（看不出原材料） be made of由 制成（看出原材料） be mad
19、e in 在制造 be made by 由某人制造e.g.: The paper made from wood and the tie made of silk are both made by Mr. Smith and are both made in China.【Unit3知识梳理】1Can I join you?(P22)我能加入你吗？join v. 参加，加入【典例分析】Every young man in the village joined the fight.【拓展】join/join in/ take part in 对比.join + eg: He joined the
20、Party (党)last year.join in + eg:If you cannot attend, you can still join in the conversation. take part in + eg:We still decided to take part in an important race across the Atlantic.【批注】join +群体，组织 join in +活动 take part in +活动，比赛2I ran after them and couldt stop taking photos.(P22)我跟在他们后面跑，忍不住一直拍照。
21、run v. 行驶；奔跑；运转；经营 n. 奔跑；赛跑；趋向；奔跑的路程【典例分析】 His car runs through the streets at high speed. Does your watch run well?【辨析】run away run out run out of run after 【批注】run away 逃跑 run out 用完；耗尽；跑出； run out of 跑出.用光. run after 追赶3I bought a couple of key rings for classmates.(P23)我给我的同学买了一对钥匙环。couple n. 对；
22、夫妇；数个【辨析】a couple of a few, several, a small number of young couple in couples 【典例分析】 A couple of old women were chatting in the corner. The old couple will spend the whole winter in the south. 【批注】 a couple of 三两个；一对相当于 a few, several, a small number of后面跟可数名词复数 young couple 青年夫妇 in couples 成对地3My
23、dad has been to Chengdu on business twice.（P30)我爸爸去过成都出差两次。business n. 事情，事务 ； 商业；生意do business with do business mind ones own business none of your business 补充：business的形容词是busy【典例分析】The only way you can raise money for a business is through a bank.【批注】do business with 和做生意，和做买卖 do business 出差 mind
24、 ones own business 管自己的事 none of your business与你无关4The day finally arrived. (P33)那天终于到达了。1）finally v. 最后，终于 同义词： finally，in the end与at lastfinally at last in the end 【典例分析】They waited and waited, and the concert finally started. At last，he passed the exam. He tries very hard to pass the exam, and he
25、 hopes he will succeed in the end .【批注】 finally既可指位置的先后顺序（相当于at last和in the end），也可指时间的先后顺序。at last指经过周折、等待、耽搁后的“最后，终于”得到所期待的结果。in the end表示结局，可以用于表示将来。2）arrive v. 到达arrive in/at，get to和reach用法上有何区别？(1)arrive at ；(2)get to和reach 。【典例分析】We arrived at the station as the train was leaving. When did you
26、 reach the airport? As soon as you get to the airport, please give me a call.【批注】arrive at后面一般接小地点，如village，town，school，airport等；arrive in后面一般接大地点，如city，country等；get to和reach后面既可接小地点又可接大地点，reach后面不加介词5On the third day, we visited another famous theme park in Hong Kong.(P33)第三天，我们我们去拜访香港另一个有名的主题公园。on
27、 the third day 在第三天on the 序数词【典例分析】On the third day he came to the other side of the forest.famous 著名的be famous for： befamous as: 【典例分析】He is famous as a writer and he is famouse for his books.【批注】 be famous for： 因.而著名 be famous as: 作为.而著名 【Unit4知识梳理】1me too. (P49) 我也是。【辨析】1) me too与me either的区别： 。-
28、I like potato chips.我喜欢吃薯条。- Me too. 我也是。- Im going home.我要回家了。- Me too. 我也是。 。-I cant swim我不会游泳。- Me either. 我也不会。【批注】 口语中说me too, 其意为“我也一样”，主要用于延续前面的肯定信息。 口语中说me either或me neither, 其意均表示“我也不”，主要用于延续前面的否定信息（两者一般可互换）。 2By the time I finally felt the land under my feet,1 was tired out. (P50) 当我最后觉得土地
29、在我脚下时，我累坏了。【拓展】1) by the time“到的时候”，通常引导一个时间状语从句，主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已完成。从句用一般过去时，主句通常用过去完成时；e.g.: By the time I got to the station, the train had already gone.【批注】：此部分知识教师根据学生情况适当的补充。如果主句的谓语是be动词或者是像know等表示认知的持续性动词，则往往用一般过去时，不用完成时。By the time he went abroad, he was fourteen.2) be tired out= e.g.: After
30、the two hours trip, I was tired out when I got home.【批注】 be tired out= be worn out 筋疲力尽3I woke up as the sun was rising(P50)我醒来了，这时太阳正在升起【辨析】rise和raise这两个词都有“提高，上升，增加”的意思，但其用法不同。 e.g.: Please raise your hand if you know the answer.The sun rises in the east.【批注】raise是及物动词，发出此动作的通常是人，可用于被动语态，意为“举起；提高”
31、，如抬头、举手（目、帽、石头、重物等），还可用作比喻，如提高政治觉悟（生活水平、地位、名誉、声音等）。rise是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态，意为“上升，升起；起身，起立（主语是人）；上涨”以及“（日、月星等）升起到地平线上”。4It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face. (P50)它爬上我的肚子和脖子，直到（它）来到我的脸上。until conj. 直到 until用于肯定句中，表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“ ”。在这种用法中，主句的谓语动词必须是持续动词
32、（非瞬间动词），如live, wait, last, love, like, stay, work, continue等。e.g.: I will wait until you come back. until用于否定句中，表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生，或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“ ”。e.g.: I didnt leave until the rain stopped.直到雨停了我才离开。 until后面的从句中不能用一般将来时，应该用一般现在时代替，即“ ”。e.g.: He will stay here until his mother come
33、s back.【批注】 until用于肯定句中，表示主句的动作一直持续到从句动作发生或状态出现时为止。一般可译为“直到为止” until用于否定句中，表示主句的动作在从句的动作发生之前尚未发生，或者说主句的动作在从句的动作发生之后才开始。一般可译为“直到才”。 until后面的从句中不能用一般将来时，应该用一般现在时代替，即“主将从现” 5He was the same size as my little finger! (P50) 他和我的小手指一样大！1) the same size as “和一样大”= 原句= He was as big as my little finger!size
34、意为“大小，尺寸”：e.g.: His room is the same size as mine他的房间和我的一样大。 此处size可以换为其他的名词，注意和形容词的对应。e.g.: The river is the same length as that one. = .同样地，wide- width; heavy- weight; high-height; long-length; deep-depth;【批注】1) the same size as “和一样大”= as big as答案：The river is the same length as that one. = The r
35、iver is as long as that one 6The first Harry Potter book was a great success in the very beginning. (P58) 在一开始，哈利波特第一本书获得了巨大的成功。success un. 成功（抽象意义） cn. 成功的人或者事e.g.: He is a great success as a writer.Failure is the mother of success.【拓展】： vt. succeed 成功地做某事。e.g.: He succeeded in swimming across the
36、river. adj. 成功的e.g.: He is a successful writer. adv. 成功地e.g.: He passed the exam successfully.【批注】succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事。adj. successful成功的adv. successfully成功地7How many books can I borrow at a time? (P58) 我一次可以借多少书？at a time 一次e.g.: Giant pandas have only one baby at a time.【拓展】2) 与time有关的词或词组
37、 at times= sometimes= some time some times sometimes sometime e.g.: I will invite you to see a film sometime next week.He sometimes goes swimming.My parents stayed in Nanjing for some time.He has been to the park some times.【批注】 at times= sometimes= from time to time有时 some time 一段时间 some times 几次 s
38、ometimes 有时 sometime 某个时间8How long can I keep the books? (P58) 这些书我可以保留多长时间？1) keep v. 保留【辨析】：borrow, lend和keep的区别： e.g.: Can you lend me your bike? Who did you borrow the book from? 【批注】borrow意为“借进”，常和介词from搭配；lend意为“借出”，常和介词to搭配；keep意为“保留”；borrow和lend为短暂性动词，keep为延续性动词，常和表示一段时间的状语连用。 9Maybe l can become a writer when I am older! (P59) 也许我长大了能成为一名作家!1) maybe adv. 大概，或许，可能e.g.: Maybe youll have better luck next time.也许下次你的运气会好一点。
