1、 他昨天他昨天来来了了. 他已经他已经来来了了. 他明天他明天来来. 汉语借助汉语借助词汇手段词汇手段而非词的形态变化来表示而非词的形态变化来表示 动作的发生动作的发生,而英语主要通过而英语主要通过谓语动词时态谓语动词时态 变化变化来表现来表现.任何句子都要先注意任何句子都要先注意时态时态. He came yesterday. He has come. He will come tomorrow. 动词动词 谓语动词谓语动词 时态、语态时态、语态 虚拟语气虚拟语气 非谓语动非谓语动 词词 不定式不定式 动名词动名词 分词分词 现在分词现在分词 过去分词过去分词 动词的分类动词的分类 语态语态
2、 时态时态 主动主动 被动被动 一般现在时一般现在时 v. /v.s am /is /are + Vp.p 一般过去时一般过去时 ved was / were + Vp.p 一般将来时一般将来时 will + v. will be + Vp.p 过去将来时过去将来时 would + v. would be + Vp.p 过去完成时过去完成时 had + Vp.p had been + Vp.p 现在完成时现在完成时 have /has + Vp.p have /has been + Vp.p 将来完成时将来完成时 will have + Vp.p will have been + Vp.p 现
3、在进行时现在进行时 am /is / are + Ving am /is /are + being + Vp.p 过去进行时过去进行时 was /were + Ving was /were + being + Vp.p 时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点 1 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考 的时态为:的时态为:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在 进进 行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成 进行、过去将来等。进行、过去将来等。 2 2、时间、条件、让步等
4、、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态状语从句中动词的时态; 主从句时态主从句时态呼应问题。呼应问题。 3 3、几种时态的替代问题几种时态的替代问题 时态时态=时间时间+状态状态 世界上只有世界上只有3种时间:过去,现在,和将来。种时间:过去,现在,和将来。 一个动作我们能观察到的状态,要么是正在进行(进一个动作我们能观察到的状态,要么是正在进行(进 行态),要么是已经完成(完成态)行态),要么是已经完成(完成态) 9个核心时态个核心时态=3时间时间 X 3状态状态 任何英语时态,汉语术语都简称为时。但是我们在理解时要考虑任何英语时态,汉语术语都简称为时。但是我们在理解时要考虑 时间和状态两
5、方面的涵义,时间和状态两方面的涵义, 只强调时间不强调状态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时只强调时间不强调状态:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时 描述描述3种时间下的进行态:过去进行时,现在进行时,将来进行时种时间下的进行态:过去进行时,现在进行时,将来进行时 描述描述3种时间下的完成态:过去完成时,现在完成时,将来完成时种时间下的完成态:过去完成时,现在完成时,将来完成时 9种时态的构成形式:都是靠动词本身的形式变化或借助助动词种时态的构成形式:都是靠动词本身的形式变化或借助助动词 实现。实现。 动词原形和第三人称单数形式(动词原形和第三人称单数形式(do,does)都属于现在式,可)
6、都属于现在式,可 以表现在这种时间,过去式(以表现在这种时间,过去式(did)表过去,但是动词没有将来)表过去,但是动词没有将来 式,所以只能靠助动词式,所以只能靠助动词will帮忙,帮忙,will do表将来。表将来。 进行态用进行态用doing这种非谓语动词形式来表示,而完成态用这种非谓语动词形式来表示,而完成态用done 这种非谓语动词形式表示。既然是非谓语动词,要想作谓语,这种非谓语动词形式表示。既然是非谓语动词,要想作谓语, 前面也要加助动词,前面也要加助动词,doing前加前加be,done前前have(has)。进)。进 行态和完成态的时间变化只需要变助动词行态和完成态的时间变化
7、只需要变助动词be和和have。 第第4种状态:种状态: 除了前面讲到的进行态除了前面讲到的进行态(doing),完成态,完成态(done)和一般态。还有一和一般态。还有一 种进行和完成的混合(完成进行态种进行和完成的混合(完成进行态been doing)。)。 我们结合例句来理解。我们结合例句来理解。 现在进行时:现在进行时:He is reading now. 他现在正在读书。他现在正在读书。 现在完成时:现在完成时:He has read for three hours. 他已经读了三个小时他已经读了三个小时 书了。(表读书这个动作从书了。(表读书这个动作从3小时前开始,持续到现在,有可
8、能不小时前开始,持续到现在,有可能不 读了,也有可能会继续进行)读了,也有可能会继续进行) 现在完成进行时:现在完成进行时:He has been reading for three hours. 他已经他已经 读了三个小时书了。(表读书这个动作从读了三个小时书了。(表读书这个动作从3小时前开始,持续到现小时前开始,持续到现 在,并且在继续进行)在,并且在继续进行) 结合时间轴理解:结合时间轴理解: 第第4种时间:种时间: 前面说世界上只有过去,现在,和将来三种时间。此外,前面说世界上只有过去,现在,和将来三种时间。此外, 还有一种相对意义上的时间,一般将来时是站在现在谈论还有一种相对意义上的
9、时间,一般将来时是站在现在谈论 未来(未来(will do),过去将来时是站在过去谈论未来),过去将来时是站在过去谈论未来 (would do) I think he will go abroad. 我(现在)觉得他将会出国。我(现在)觉得他将会出国。 I though he would aborad. 我(之前)以为他将会出国。我(之前)以为他将会出国。 16种时态种时态=4种时间种时间 X 4种状态种状态 1句口诀总结:句口诀总结:4时配时配4态,今过将来过将来,普进完成完成态,今过将来过将来,普进完成完成 进。(其中今就是现在,普是普通,也就是一般。)进。(其中今就是现在,普是普通,也就
10、是一般。) 最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配 一般现在 every , sometimes, at , on Sunday 现在进行 now, 现在完成 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过去 yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行 this morning, the whole mo
11、rning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening when, while 过去完成 before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 一般将来 next, tomorrow, in 过去将来 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后 的动作 导入之一:导入之一:How is your daily life as a high school student? ( using 3 sentences or more,使用实意动词使用实意动词 和系动词和系动词, 注意动词形式变化注意动词形式
12、变化) 一、一般现在时一、一般现在时 一般现在时 非单三人称:动词原形 或单三人称:动词ess 一直以来的习惯动作;目前状态;规律 动词第三人称单数的变化规则动词第三人称单数的变化规则 1、直接在动词后、直接在动词后+s like- likes play-plays 2、以、以s, x, sh, ch, 接尾的动词:接尾的动词:+es wash-washes 3、以辅音、以辅音+o接尾的动词:接尾的动词:+es go-goes 4、以辅音、以辅音+y接尾的动词:变接尾的动词:变y为为i+es fly-flies 2. 用法用法: 1) 经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频,常与
13、表示频 率的时间状语连用,如率的时间状语连用,如often, usually, always, every day/year, sometimes, on Sunday等。等。 2)表示不受时间限制的表示不受时间限制的科学事实或客观真理科学事实或客观真理, 名言警句名言警句。 The earth moves around the sun. I study hard every day and I get along well with my classmates, but sometimes I miss my families. 一、一、 一般现在时一般现在时 (The Simple Pre
14、sent tense ) 1. 结构结构: do/does 3 3)汽车、飞机、会议等按)汽车、飞机、会议等按时刻表时刻表将要发生的事。将要发生的事。 The train leaves at three this afternoon. The meeting starts at 2:00 p.m. 4 4)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,用一)在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中,用一 般现在时代替一般将来时般现在时代替一般将来时, ,即即主将从现主将从现。 If it _ (be) fine tomorrow ,we _ (go) to the countryside. If he _ (
15、come) this afternoon, we_ (have) a meeting. is will go comes will have 写出下列动词在句中的适当形式:写出下列动词在句中的适当形式: 1 1)We _ (love) sports.We _ (love) sports. 2 2)She _ (sing) well.She _ (sing) well. 3 3)Tom and John _ (watch) TV Tom and John _ (watch) TV every evening.every evening. 4 4)My son _ (go) to school b
16、y bike.My son _ (go) to school by bike. 5 5)Their teacher usually _ (walk) to Their teacher usually _ (walk) to school.school. 6 6)Five plus two _ (make) seven.Five plus two _ (make) seven. 7 7)They all _ (like) him.They all _ (like) him. 8 8)The sun _ (fall) in the west.The sun _ (fall) in the west
17、. love sings watch goes walks makes like falls Example: I _ (spend) my childhood happily with my old friends. We always _(play) football and basketball together and we _ (not) have so much homework to do as now. We _ (be) happy at that time. spent played didnt were 导入之二:导入之二:How did you spend your c
18、hildhood? 二、一般过去时二、一般过去时 一般过去时 过去动作、过去习惯、过去状态 动词过去式的变化(规则动词)动词过去式的变化(规则动词) 一般在词尾加一般在词尾加 ed ask asked; help helped e.g. They asked me the time just now. 以以 e 结尾直接加结尾直接加 d arrive arrived e.g. I arrived late this morning. 动词过去式的变化(规则动词)动词过去式的变化(规则动词) 以重读闭音节结尾的,则双写以重读闭音节结尾的,则双写 plan planned e.g. We plan
19、ned to go to the party. 以辅音字母以辅音字母 y 结尾,去结尾,去 y 变变 i 加加 ed。 如 try tried; study studied e.g. He tried to climb the tree, but he could not. 动词过去式的变化(不规则动词)动词过去式的变化(不规则动词) 例:例: go went drink drank eat ate see saw 不规则动词表不规则动词表 go am/ is are begin meet write build buy can have/has take catch come do swim
20、 drink drive eat get see was were began met wrote built bought could caught came did swam drank drove ate got went had took spend spent leave left saw 二、一般过去时二、一般过去时 ( The Simple Past Tense ) 1. 结构结构: 谓动用动词过去式谓动用动词过去式 (V-ed) 2. 用法用法: 1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有:时间状语有:yesterda
21、y, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等等。 I saw Tom in the street yesterday. I bought this TV set in Beijing last year. 2)表示在过去一段时间内表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. He always went to work by bus. Examples: He was in Beijing some y
22、ears ago. She traveled in Europe last year. When I was at collage, I wrote home once a week. He went to town ,bought some books and visited his daughter last Sunday. He said he would go for a holiday when he finished his work. 1.At the end of the meeting,the headmaster (give)us a talk. 2.Listen! The
23、 radio says a serious accident (happen) last night. 3.-Have you taken the medicine yet? - Yes, I (take) just now. 4.The rooms of library are clean.The boys (sweep) them yesterday. 5.I was going home when I (meet) an old friend. 单项选择:单项选择: ( )1 My father_ill yesterday A isnt B arent C wasnt D werent
24、( )2 _your parents at home last week A Is B Was C Are D Were ( )3. The twins_in Dalian last year. They_here now A are; were B were; are C was; are D were; was C D B ( )4._your father at work the day_yesterday A Was; before B Is; before C Was; after D Is; after ( )5 Who was on duty last Friday _ A I
25、am B I was C Yes, I was D No, I wasnt A B 2020 Thank you! 12SHIGAOJIZHONGXUE 主讲人:高春玲主讲人:高春玲 导入之三:导入之三:How will you spend your summer holiday? I will Im going to 三、一般将来时三、一般将来时 一般将来时 will do will do 将要发生、意志决心、将要发生、意志决心、 临时决定、总是发生临时决定、总是发生 am/is/are going to doam/is/are going to do 事前做出的安排或打算;事前做出的安排或
26、打算; 迹象表明要发生迹象表明要发生 三、一般将来时三、一般将来时 1) shall用于第一人称用于第一人称,常被常被will 所代替所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称在征求意见时常用于第二人称。 Which paragraph shall I read first? Will you be at home at seven this evening? 2) be going to +不定式不定式,表示将来表示将来。 a. 主语的意图主语的意图,即将做某事或打算做某事即将做某事或打算做某事。 What are you going to do
27、 tomorrow? b. 计划计划,安排要发生的事安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month. c. 有迹象要发生的事有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds; there is going to be a storm. 3) be +不定式表将来不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday. 4) be about to +不定式不定式,意为马上做某事意为马上做某事。 He is about to
28、 leave for Beijing. 注意:注意:be about to 不能与不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的等表示明确将来时的 时间状语连用。时间状语连用。 be going to / will的用法之比较:的用法之比较: 用于条件句时用于条件句时,be going to表将来表将来,will表意愿表意愿。例如:例如: If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible. Now if you will take off your clot
29、hes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. be to和和be going to 的用法之比较:的用法之比较: be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。而而be going to 则表示主则表示主 观的打算或计划观的打算或计划。例如:例如: I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排客观安排) Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排主观安排) 练一练:练一练: A
30、、根据中文,完成句子,每空一词。、根据中文,完成句子,每空一词。 1)我打算明天和我的朋友去旅行。)我打算明天和我的朋友去旅行。 I go on a trip with my friends tomorrow. 或者:或者: I go on a trip with my friends tomorrow. 2)下个星期一你打算去干嘛)下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。我想去打篮球。 -What next Monday? -I play basketball. 或者:或者: -What you do next Monday? -I play basketball. 3)你妈妈这个周末去购物
31、吗?是,她要去买一些水果。)你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。 - your mother go shopping this ? -Yes, she . She buy some fruit. Practice am going to will are you going to do am going to will will Is going to weekend is is going to 1.We (remember)Lei Feng forever. 2.I dont know if she (reach) Caoyan tomorrow. If she (got) he
32、re,Ill tell you. 3.She tells me she (go) to London next week. 4. The Browns have gone to Canada for holidays. They (be) back in a month. 5.-Would you please not spit on the floor? -Sorry, I (not do) it again. 特别注意特别注意 (1 1)一般现在时表示将来,特别用于车、船、飞机一般现在时表示将来,特别用于车、船、飞机 等时刻表中安排好的。等时刻表中安排好的。 The plane leave
33、s tomorrow.(The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow, tomorrow, 但但 没有没有will ,be going to )will ,be going to ) (2 2)某些瞬间动词“某些瞬间动词“go, come, go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”arrive ,leave ,start, begin, fly, take ”等等 用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。 Ive won a holiday for two to Flori
34、a. I Ive won a holiday for two to Floria. I _my mum._my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been D. will have been 3. be to 表示因约定、计划,职责、义务表示因约定、计划,职责、义务 要求即将发生的动作要求即将发生的动作, 或或客观客观安排或受安排或受 人指示而做某事。人指示而做某事。 be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。 I am to
35、play football tomorrow afternoon. Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 4 4be about to do be about to do 表示“正要干什么表示“正要干什么”, 1)1)表示即将发生的动作,表示即将发生的动作,不与表示将来的时间状不与表示将来的时间状 语连用语连用。 2)2)常与常与when when 连用,连用,when when 此时意思:此时意思: 就在这时,就在这时, 是并列连词是并列连词. . 构成句型:构成句型: be about to do when.be about to do
36、 when. 正要做正要做.这时这时. Eg: I Eg: I was about to was about to leave leave when when it rained. it rained. 过去将来时过去将来时 1,表示从过去某时看,将要发生的动作,表示从过去某时看,将要发生的动作 或状态。或状态。 2,过去将来时常用于宾语从句中,即:,过去将来时常用于宾语从句中,即: 主句显示过去时态,宾语含有将来时间主句显示过去时态,宾语含有将来时间 状语。状语。 3,过去将来时的结构是:,过去将来时的结构是:would+动词原动词原 形形/should+动词原形动词原形 时间时间 现在现在
37、 过去过去 那时所预见的情况那时所预见的情况 1) He said his mother would buy a bike for him 2) My brother told me he wouldnt believe Jack any more. 3) Would it be all right if he knew his illness? 三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式:三、过去将来时的一些其它表达形式: 1wasweregoing to动词原形动词原形 He said he was going to try 他说他准备试试。他说他准备试试。 2waswereto动词原形动词原形 T
38、hey said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day 他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。他们说这条铁路将在五一节通车。 3waswere about动词原形动词原形 We were about to go out when it began to rain 我们正要出去天(突然)下起雨来。我们正要出去天(突然)下起雨来。 4过去进行时(一般多为动作概念较强的动词,如过去进行时(一般多为动作概念较强的动词,如 go,come, leave, start, open,begin 等)也可用于表示将来。等)也可用于表示将来。 I didn
39、t know when they were coming again 我不知道他们什么时候再来。我不知道他们什么时候再来。 1. Miss Zhang said she _ _(visit) the Great Wall next summer. 2. She told him that she_ _ _ (not stay) here for long. 3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_ (come) the next year. 4. She said the bus _ (leave) at five the next morning. 5. He was fi
40、fty-six. In two years he _ _(be) fifty-eight. would visit would not stay would come would leave would be 1.-Mum,Dad called and said that he (not be) at home for dinner. -Did he say why? 2. She told me that she (come) back as soon as the meeting was over. 3. Mary said that her family (visit) some pla
41、ces the next week. 4.He said he (come) today,but we havent seen him yet. 5.The captain said that he (stay) at the South Pole for months next year. wouldnt be would come would visit would come would stay 导入之五:导入之五:What are they doing now? They are playing basketball. 五、现在进行时五、现在进行时 现在进行时am/is/are doi
42、ng(V-ing现在分词) 目前或现阶段正在发生、一直或断续发生、将要发生 57 read listen drink have make write swim run reading listening drinking having making writing swimming running 直接直接+ing+ing 以不发音以不发音e e结尾的结尾的 动词,去动词,去 e+inge+ing: 以重读闭音节结以重读闭音节结 尾且末尾只有一个辅尾且末尾只有一个辅 音字母的动词,双写音字母的动词,双写 这个辅音字母这个辅音字母+ing+ing: 59 直接直接+ing: reading li
43、stening cleaning drinking write-writing make-making give-giving havehaving come-coming 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字 母母+ing: getting letting running putting swimming 以不发音以不发音e结尾的动词,去结尾的动词,去 e+ing: 即即 学学 即即 练练 do_ watch_ clean _ read_ eat_ play_ hav_ writ_ run _ swim_ i
44、ng ing ing ing ing ing ning ming ing e e ing 五、现在进行时五、现在进行时 1. 表示现在表示现在( 指说话人说话时指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情正在发生的事情。例如:例如: We are waiting for you. 2. 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在说话时动作未必正在 进行进行。例如:例如: Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano und
45、er Mr. Smith. 3. 表示渐变的动词有:表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer. 4. 与与always, constantly, forever 等词连用等词连用,表示反复发生的动作表示反复发生的动作 或持续存在的状态或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind. 知识扩展:不用进行时的动词知识扩展:不用进行时的动词 1) 事实状态的动