1、 Discover useful structuresReview of noun clausesUnit2 Bridging CulturesStudy the following sentences.Pay attention to the functions of nouns(or noun phrases)in each one.The book is interesting.I like English.My mother is a doctor.I come from Dongguan,a beautiful city.If we use some clauses to repla
2、ce these nouns,what will the sentences be called?subjectobjectperdicativeappositive同位语如果我们用一些从句来代替这些名词，这些句子会叫什么？名词性从句What he said is interesting.I like what you said.My mother is whom I love most.This is my idea that English is important.DefinitionStudy the sentences below and mark the noun clauses.
3、What is the function of each noun clause in the sentences?研究下面的句子并标记名词从句。句子中每个名词从句的功能是什么？1.What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei.as the subject of the sentence链接教材2.What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.3.Its important
4、that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life.as the subject of the sentence as the predictive of the sentence as the subject of the sentence形式主语宾宾主主表表系动词系动词及物动词及物动词介词介词位置，概念位置，概念名词名词1Laura says she always feels hungry when she smells it,so I taught her how to cook it,too.2The
5、 first time that she had to write an essay，her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas,but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!3Xie Lei was confused because she thought she knew less than other people.4At first,Xie Lei had no idea what
6、 she should say，but what surprised her was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks.5What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to her.More practice (P38)一般连接词一般连接词连接代词连接代词连接副词连接副词what(ever),who(ever),whom(ever),which(ever),whosethat,whether/if,when,where,how,why充当
7、从句的充当从句的_充当从句的充当从句的_._._._._._.定语定语_充当从句的任何成分充当从句的任何成分主语主语宾语宾语 表语表语状语状语不不Conjunctions连接词连接词Combine each pair of sentences1.The adviser talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad.His words were quite helpful to May.(What)What the advisor talked about maintaining reasonable
8、expectations when studying abroad was quite helpful to May.链接教材2.Students have to write countless research papers as part of their coursework.This was not something that Chen Hao was ready for.(that)That students have to write countless research papers as part of their coursework was not something t
9、hat Chen Hao was ready for.3.Who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm?This is the question.(who)This is the question who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm.4.Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great in
10、sights into the world.This is an advantage of studying abroad.(that)An advantage of studying abroad is that exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world.5.Schools in the States are quite multicultural,with students and teachers from many differe
11、nt ethnic backgrounds.This impressed Liu Yang.(It.that)It impressed Liu Yang that schools in the States are quite multicultural,with students and teachers from many different ethnic backgrounds.6.Should she stick to her own way of life or follow the American way?This is her confusion.(whether)Her co
12、nfusion is whether she should stick to her own way of life or follow the American way.名词性从句考点归纳名词性从句考点归纳 :that vs.what;what vs.which;what类词类词vs.whatever类词类词;whether vs.if 等等Difficult Points考点考点1语序问题语序问题1.Can you tell me how many students are there in your class?2.I dont know where has he gone.名词性从句在
13、句中要用名词性从句在句中要用_语序语序,从从句的引导词必须始终置于句的引导词必须始终置于_总结总结归纳：归纳：Can you tell me how many students there are in your class?I dont know where he has gone.陈述陈述句首句首考点考点2时态问题时态问题3.Our physics teacher once told us that light _（travel）faster than sound.travels总结总结归纳：归纳：1)1)主句的动词用主句的动词用一般现在时一般现在时，从句谓语可根据需，从句谓语可根据需要选
14、用要选用各种时态各种时态2.He said that he will go to the station.1.Tom says that Mary _(go)abroad last year and _(be)there for nearly 5 months.2 2）主句的动词用）主句的动词用过去时过去时，从句谓语动词用，从句谓语动词用过去过去相应时态相应时态3 3）主句的动词用）主句的动词用过去时过去时，从句表示，从句表示客观事实客观事实，格言，谚语等格言，谚语等 ，从句谓语动词用，从句谓语动词用一般现在时一般现在时wenthas beenwould考点考点3易混连接词易混连接词that
15、vs.what1._ he wants is a book.2._ he wants to go there is obvious.3.The result is _ we won the game.4.This is _ we want to know.5.I dont know _ will happen next.6.He is no longer _he used to be.7.I have no doubt _ you will succeed.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatthat和和what都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是
16、，_除除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的的_、_、或、或_。而。而_在名词性从句中不在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起充当任何成分，只起_作用。作用。what主语主语宾语宾语表语表语that连接连接 引导引导词词that的省略的省略thatthat可省略的情况：可省略的情况：a.a.主语从句主语从句b.b.表语从句表语从句c.c.同位语从句同位语从句d.d.用用itit做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句e.e.并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的引导词thatthat不能不能省略省略。单个宾语
17、从句中的单个宾语从句中的thatthat可省略可省略;and;and连接两个宾语从句时，连接两个宾语从句时，第一个宾语从句中的第一个宾语从句中的thatthat可省略。可省略。thatthat不可省略的情况：不可省略的情况：which vs.what1)I cant imagine _made him act like that.2)_ he wants is a book.3)I read about it in this book or that book,but I cant remember _ it was.4)Would you mind telling me _ language
18、 your friend speaks,English or French?what 什么什么,泛指；泛指；which哪个哪个,一般有选择范围一般有选择范围What what whichwhichwhat类词类词 vs.whatever类词类词找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：找出下列句子中的错误，并总结出规律：1.Whoever will speak at the meeting has not been decided yet.2.Who breaks the law shall be punished.Who Whoever（1 1）what 类词类词(who/which/whom/w
19、hen/where/how):有疑问意有疑问意义，表示特指概念义，表示特指概念,充当成分充当成分。（2 2）whatever 类词类词(whoever/whichever/whomever):有意义，有意义，“凡是凡是 的，无论的，无论的，任何的，任何的的”），），无疑问意义，表示泛指无疑问意义，表示泛指概念；充当成分。概念；充当成分。相当于相当于anything that,anyone who,any one that/who.总结归纳：总结归纳：because vs.why vs.that1.The reason _ he was absent was _he was ill.2.From
20、 the space,the earth looks blue.This is _ about 70 percent of its surface is covered by water.3.About 70 percent of the earths surface is covered by water.That is _ it looks blue.thatbecausewhy常考的表语从句句型：常考的表语从句句型：That/This/It is why+表语从句表语从句 那就是那就是的原因的原因That/This/It is because+表语从句表语从句 那就因为那就因为The r
21、eason why is that+表语从句表语从句 的原因是的原因是whyif vs.whether1.I asked her _ she had a bike.2.Were worried about _ he is safe.3.I dont know _ he is well or not.4.I dont know _ or not he is well.5.I havent decided _ to go there.6._ we will hold a party in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.7.The ques
22、tion is _ he should do it.8.The doctor can hardly answer the question _ the old man will recover soon.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherwhetherwhether 6 6种情况只能用种情况只能用whether：（1 1）主语从句位于句子开头（）主语从句位于句子开头（2 2）介词后的宾语从句；）介词后的宾语从句；（3 3）引导表语从句；）引导表语从句；（4 4）与）与or not连用；连用；（5 5）引导同位语从句；）引导同位语从句；(6
23、)(6)与与to do 连用连用当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句_，而用，而用it作作为形式主语置于句首。为形式主语置于句首。it也可作形式宾语。也可作形式宾语。单句语法填空，并总结出规律：单句语法填空，并总结出规律：1._is hard to decide when and where we will hold our sports meeting.2.I think _ worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.考点考点4It作形式主语作形式主语/宾语宾语Itit总结归纳：总结
24、归纳：后置后置it作形式宾语句型作形式宾语句型:主语主语 +vt.（find/feel/think/consider/make/believe）+it+宾补宾补+that/wh-;考点考点5语气问题语气问题We suggested that we(should)go to the cinema.动词动词:一个坚持一个坚持(insist);两个命令两个命令(order,command);三三个建议个建议(suggest,advise,recommend);四个要求四个要求(demand,require,request，desire)以上动词的以上动词的名词名词 (order,command,de
25、mand,requirement,request,suggestion,proposal,advice,)所接的所接的同位语从句同位语从句及及表语从句表语从句中中,也用也用(should)do sth.，如：如：My suggestion is that we(should)do our homework first.His suggestion that we(should)go there on foot is acceptable.后接后接that宾语宾语从句从句中，用中，用(should)do It+be+v.ed(suggested/required/)+that 的的主语从句主语从
26、句中，也用中，也用(should)do sth.考点考点6主谓一致问题主谓一致问题何时开会还没有决定。何时开会还没有决定。When the meeting will begin _(have)not been decided yet.他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。他们何时出发和他们去哪里还没有决定。总结总结归纳：归纳：单数单数复数复数has When they will start and where they will go_(be)still unknown.何时何地开会还没有决定。何时何地开会还没有决定。When and where the meeting will begin _
27、(have)not been decided yet.arehas单数单数单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般一般用用_形式。形式。如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则如果是两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语，谓语动词则用用_形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，形式。由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用谓语动词用_形式。形式。注意！注意！What引导主语从句时引导主语从句时,主句谓语动词的单复数主句谓语动词的单复数由由表语表语的单复数决定的单复数决定.What he wants _(be)these books.What he wants
28、 _(be)some water.areisThe news(that/which)they told us cheered us all.The news that they won the competition cheered us all.考点考点7同位语从句同位语从句 vs.定语从句定语从句句子类型名词与前面名词的关系连接词省略同位语从句同位语从句定语从句定语从句抽象名词抽象名词名词名词同位关系：同位关系：对名对名词进行补充说明词进行补充说明所属关系：所属关系：对名对名词进行修饰词进行修饰,加加以限定以限定连接作用，连接作用，不作成分不作成分连接作用，连接作用，宾语和主语宾语和主语不
29、能不能省略省略可以可以省略省略同位语同位语定语从句定语从句1.The suggestion _he raised at the meeting is very good.2.The suggestion _the students(should)have plenty of exercise is very good.(which/that)that名词性从句考点归纳u that/what 区别u whether/if 选用u 主从和定从的区别u because/why 区别只能用只能用whether小结：小结：1.置于句首的置于句首的_从句从句;2.介词后面的介词后面的_从句从句;3.引导引
30、导_从句和从句和_从句从句;4.与与_连用时连用时;5.后面接后面接_.The reason why is _.what结果结果原因原因解释说明解释说明修饰限定修饰限定主语主语宾语宾语表语表语同位语同位语or notto dothatComplete the passage with A D from the box.What other things do you think might attract international students to China?A that he enjoys being with Chinese peopleB How he can learn to
31、 appreciate it more deeplyC What impressed him firstD that people can eat almost everything with chopsticks链接教材After just a few months in China,Leon,an exchange student from Germany,says that he has fallen in love with Chinese culture._ was the Chinese food.He couldnt believe how many different kind
32、s of Chinese food there are!Something else he found impressive was _.Then theres Chinas colourful culture,from art to music,and from calligraphy to literature._ remains an important goal for him,as he is truly fascinated by it.Leon is also amazed by the convenience of cashless payments in China.He c
33、an go outside without any need for cash all he needs is his mobile phone!The biggest reason why he loves China,however,is _.He has made great friends here friends that he will still remember long after his departure(离开).CDBAThe usage of noun clauses in writingu 一一篇作文，在适当的地方恰当地放置一两个篇作文，在适当的地方恰当地放置一两个
34、从句从句，不仅会让作文更耐读，而且作文分值会有所提高。不仅会让作文更耐读，而且作文分值会有所提高。u 高考高考英语作文评分英语作文评分标准标准写作中的名词性从句 第五档第五档(很好很好)；(11-15分分)1.完全完成了试题规定的任务。完全完成了试题规定的任务。2.覆盖所有内容要点。覆盖所有内容要点。3.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。假如你是李华，班会课上班主任 Mr.Chen 要求你用英文写一篇演讲稿，给班里的同学们加油打气。尽量用上你所学过的名词性从句。1.让让我担心的是在高考中能否通过英语考试我担心的是在高考中能否通过英语考试。(what 主语从句主语从句,wh
35、ether 表语从句表语从句)2.我发现学好英语是很重要的。我发现学好英语是很重要的。(it 形式宾语或表语从句形式宾语或表语从句)3.在我看来，成功主要取决于一个人是否有决心在我看来，成功主要取决于一个人是否有决心。(determination)(whether 宾语从句宾语从句)4.我的愿望是被一所重点大学录取。我的愿望是被一所重点大学录取。(表语从句表语从句)5.可是事实是我的成绩不是很好可是事实是我的成绩不是很好。(主语从句主语从句 it is a fact that.)6.但我相信人人都有获得成功的潜力但我相信人人都有获得成功的潜力。(宾语从句宾语从句 the potential t
36、o do sth)7.总之，我们有责任尽我们最大可能去实现我们的梦想！总之，我们有责任尽我们最大可能去实现我们的梦想！(形式主语和同位语从句形式主语和同位语从句 It is our responsibility that)The usage of noun clauses in writingA possible version:What worries me most is whether I can pass English test in college entrance examination.I find it important to learn English well.In m
37、y opinion,success depends mainly on whether one can have great determination.My hope is that I can be admitted to a top university.However,it is a fact that I dont do well in study.But I believe that everyone has the potential to achieve success.All in all,it is our responsibility that we should spare no effort to realize our dreams.The usage of noun clauses in writing
