1、写作效果突破多样化主语主语是一个句子中最重要、最核心的两个部分之一。单词作主语1.主语通常由名词、代词、数词或名词化的形容词充当All efforts will be in vain if we cant learn English by practicing repeatedly. (名词作主语)如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语，所有的努力将付之东流。2.They succeeded in their endeavors, despite the challenges they faced. (代词作主语)尽管他们面临挑战,但他们还是成功了。3.Two is always better th
2、an one, especially when it comes to teamwork. (数词作主语) 特别是在团队合作时,两个人总比一个人好。4.The young, with their innovative minds and forward-thinking attitudes, are paving the way for a brighter tomorrow. (名词化的形容词做主语)年轻人凭借他们创新的思维和前瞻性的态度，正在为更加光明的明天铺平道路。2.单词作主语时要注意谓语动词的单复数。(一) 使用except, besides, with, as well as, t
3、ogether with，along with, rather than等连接主语。 (注意谓语动词一般与前面主语保持一致)1. Everyone except Tom _(have) received the invitation. 除了汤姆之外,每个人都收到了邀请。 2.The teacher, with all his students, _(be) excited about the field trip. 老师和所有的学生都对这次实地考察很兴奋。 3. I think Tom，rather than you, _(be) to blame for the accident.我认为是汤
4、姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。 （二）使用quantity，amount等修饰主语。(注意谓语动词的单复数形式)1. A quantity of water _(be) spilt on the floor, causing a mess.地板上洒了一些水，弄得一团糟。 2.Large quantities of food _(donate) to the local charity for the needy. 大量食物被捐赠给当地慈善机构以救助贫困者。3.Large quantities of books _(need) to be ordered for the new library.
5、新图书馆需要订购大量的书籍。 4.A large amount of money _ (require) to fund the project. 这个项目需要一大笔资金。 练一练1.周六早晨，我和祖父母一起在网上查找列车时刻、北戴河的天气以及旅馆信息。_2.大量的钱被捐赠给了慈善组织, 以帮助有需要的人。_动名词作主语1.直接位于句首作主语In my opinion, cloning should be dealt with carefully.我认为应该慎重对待克隆。句式升级: 动名词作主语可以使句子更加简练、高级。Our school forbids us students to go
6、out of the campus and we are strongly against it. Forbidding us students to go out of the campus has raised a storm of objections. 禁止我们学生出校园引起了轩然大波。练一练 We know of different cultures by learning English._2.用it作形式主语为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，较复杂的动名词短语作主语时，可用it作形式主语，把动名词短语置于句末。常用句型：Itbe名词或形容词(good，no good，no use，fun
7、，pleasure，better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless)动名词(1)It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收,哭泣也无济于事。(2) It is fun swimming in the ocean during summer. 夏天在大海里游泳很有趣。(3)It is a pleasure meeting you again after so many years. 多年之后再次见到你真是令人愉快。练一练: 完成句子就我个人而言,劝他没用,他不会改变主意。_3
8、.动名词的复合结构作主语动名词有时可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构，在句中作主语。Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来帮忙对我们是一个很大的鼓舞。动词不定式作主语(一) 直接位于句首作主语To have a positive attitude is wise when we are let down.当遭遇挫折时, 怀有积极的态度是很明智的。(二）用it作形式主语有时为了避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,放在句首，将作主语的不定式放在句末。常用句型一：Itbe形容词(非批评或表扬) for s
9、b. to do sth. “做某事对于某人来说”1. It is essential for students to cultivate a habit of independent thinking and inquiry.对于学生来说，培养独立思考和探究的习惯是至关重要的。2.If they adjust their mind a little，it is not hard for them to find that life is just as promising as before.如果他们对于思路稍加调整，就不难发现生活和以前一样充满阳光。常用句型二：Itbe形容词(批评或表扬)
10、of sb.to do sth. “能够做真是”当然，以下是一些包含It + be + 形容词（批评或表扬） + of sb. to do sth.结构的例句，并且都带有相应的中文翻译：1. It is brave of you to speak up for the truth, even when faced with opposition. 即使面对反对,你也敢于说出真相,真是勇敢。2.It is thoughtful of her to remember our anniversary and send us a gift. 她记得我们的纪念日并送给我们礼物，真是体贴入微。3.It i
11、s foolish of him to believe everything he hears without checking the facts. 他不加核实就相信所听到的一切，真是愚蠢。常用句型三：Itbe名词 to do sth.“做是某人的责任/某人的荣幸/一件艰苦的事情/一件快乐的事情”1. It is our responsibility to ensure that the project is completed on time and within budget. 确保项目按时并在预算内完成是我们的责任。2.It is a difficult task to raise f
12、unds for a charity that aims to help the homeless, especially during the winter.为一个旨在帮助无家可归者的慈善机构筹集资金是一项艰巨的任务，特别是在冬天。3.It is our responsibility to learn advanced science and technology to build socialism.学习先进的科学技术来建设社会主义是我们的责任。常用句型四：It takes(sb.)时间(金钱)to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间(金钱)”It took us a whole da
13、y to get to the top of the mountain on foot.徒步到达山顶花了我们一整天。练一练: 翻译句子1. 找到解决多年来一直困扰该行业的问题的方案对我们来说是一项挑战。_2.我们不可能按时把这项工作完成。_3.你帮助我做这项工作，真是太好了。_4.在这里发言我很荣幸。_(三).疑问词(who，what，which，when，where，whether，how)动词不定式作主语什么时候动身去上海还没有决定。When to leave for Shanghai has not been decided yet.点睛：动词原形不能作主语，可以用动名词或不定式。动名词
14、作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向；不定式作主语表示具体的动作。 当动名词短语或不定式短语很长时，可用it作形式主语。Read as much as possible is necessary.()Reading as much as possible is necessary.()It is necessary to read as much as possible.()从句作主语-主语从句1.从属连词that和whether/if引导主语从句That my parents always treat me as a little child makes me very unha
15、ppy. 我的父母总是像对待小孩子那样对我，这让我很不开心。Whether the sports meeting will be held is not certain now.运动会是否会举行现在还不确定。2.连接代词引导主语从句(1) Who will bring up the child hasnt been decided yet.谁来抚养这个孩子还没有决定。(2) Whatever you do should do no harm to others.无论你做什么都不应该伤害别人。3.连接副词引导主语从句How the book will sell depends on its au
16、thor.这本书如何销售取决于作者本人。Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。注意:主语从句常使用it作形式主语。常用句型一：Itbe形容词/名词词组/过去分词/现在分词主语从句It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party or not.还不能确定他是否会参加詹妮的生日聚会。常用句型二：It不及物动词(seem/appear/happen/occur to.)主语从句It happened that he was out when
17、 I got there.当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。练一练: 翻译句子1.人们通常认为足够的新鲜空气有助于保持健康。_2.我突然想起做这项工作不是一个挑战而是一个机遇。_基础巩固(写出下列句子的主语)1.These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon causing serious harm to life and the environment. Breaking traffic rules and littering2.His being late made his boss angry. 3.To see
18、is to believe. 4.Jim and Tim work together to solve the problem. 5.What I care most is the wonderful memory of being together with you. 能力提升1.按要求翻译句子(1)不擅长和别人交流让我感到孤独。(用动名词作主语)_(2)老师和朋友们给了我一些建议。(用名词作主语；together with)_(3)了解同学们的好恶是基本的。(用不定式作主语；it作形式主语)_(4)积极参加在班级中举行的讨论是十分重要的。(用不定式作主语)_(5)耐心地倾听别人是件快乐的事
19、情。(用动名词作主语；it作形式主语)_(6)他们建议我只要有可能就应该学着去帮助别人。(用从句作主语；It was suggested that.)_(7)随着时间的流逝，同学们正在开始更多地了解我。(用集合名词class作主语) _(8)遵照他们的建议，我已经取得了成功。(用代词作主语)_2选用以上句子组建短文介绍自己的人际关系变化参考范文体会主语的丰富变化答案：单词作主语1.主语通常由名词、代词、数词或名词化的形容词充当All efforts will be in vain if we cant learn English by practicing repeatedly. (名词作主语
20、)如果我们不通过反复练习来学习英语，所有的努力将付之东流。2.They succeeded in their endeavors, despite the challenges they faced. (代词作主语)尽管他们面临挑战,但他们还是成功了。3.Two is always better than one, especially when it comes to teamwork. (数词作主语) 特别是在团队合作时,两个人总比一个人好。4.The young, with their innovative minds and forward-thinking attitudes, ar
21、e paving the way for a brighter tomorrow. (名词化的形容词做主语)年轻人凭借他们创新的思维和前瞻性的态度，正在为更加光明的明天铺平道路。2.单词作主语时要注意谓语动词的单复数。(一) 使用except, besides, with, as well as, together with，along with, rather than等连接主语。 (注意谓语动词一般与前面主语保持一致)1. Everyone except Tom _(have) received the invitation. 除了汤姆之外,每个人都收到了邀请。 has2.The teac
22、her, with all his students, _(be) excited about the field trip. 老师和所有的学生都对这次实地考察很兴奋。 is/was3. I think Tom，rather than you, _(be) to blame for the accident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为此事故负责任。 is（二）使用quantity，amount等修饰主语。(注意谓语动词的单复数形式)1. A quantity of water _(be) spilt on the floor, causing a mess.地板上洒了一些水，弄得一团糟。 was
23、2.Large quantities of food _(donate) to the local charity for the needy. have been donated大量食物被捐赠给当地慈善机构以救助贫困者。3.Large quantities of books _(need) to be ordered for the new library. 新图书馆需要订购大量的书籍。 need4.A large amount of money _ (require) to fund the project. 这个项目需要一大笔资金。 is required练一练1.周六早晨，我和祖父母一
24、起在网上查找列车时刻、北戴河的天气以及旅馆信息。_On Saturday morning，I together with/as well as/ along with my grandparents，searched the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information.2.大量的钱被捐赠给了慈善组织, 以帮助有需要的人。_(1)A large quantity of money was donated to the charity organization to hel
25、p the needy.(2)Large quantities of money were donated to the charity organization to help the needy.动名词作主语1.直接位于句首作主语In my opinion, cloning should be dealt with carefully.我认为应该慎重对待克隆。句式升级: 动名词作主语可以使句子更加简练、高级。Our school forbids us students to go out of the campus and we are strongly against it. Forbi
26、dding us students to go out of the campus has raised a storm of objections. 禁止我们学生出校园引起了轩然大波。练一练 We know of different cultures by learning English._Learning English gives us an access to an exploration of a variety of cultures. 学习英语可以让我们有机会探索多种文化。2.用it作形式主语为了避免句子“头重脚轻”，较复杂的动名词短语作主语时，可用it作形式主语，把动名词短语
27、置于句末。常用句型：Itbe名词或形容词(good，no good，no use，fun，pleasure，better，wonderful，enjoyable，interesting，foolish，difficult，useless)动名词(1)It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收,哭泣也无济于事。(2) It is fun swimming in the ocean during summer. 夏天在大海里游泳很有趣。(3)It is a pleasure meeting you again after so many years. 多年之
28、后再次见到你真是令人愉快。练一练: 完成句子就我个人而言,劝他没用,他不会改变主意。_As far as Im concerned, its no use persuading him, he wont change his mind.3.动名词的复合结构作主语动名词有时可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格，构成动名词的复合结构，在句中作主语。Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.他们来帮忙对我们是一个很大的鼓舞。动词不定式作主语(一) 直接位于句首作主语To have a positive attitude is wise
29、when we are let down.当遭遇挫折时, 怀有积极的态度是很明智的。(二）用it作形式主语有时为了避免头重脚轻,常用it作形式主语,放在句首，将作主语的不定式放在句末。常用句型一：Itbe形容词(非批评或表扬) for sb. to do sth. “做某事对于某人来说”2. It is essential for students to cultivate a habit of independent thinking and inquiry.对于学生来说，培养独立思考和探究的习惯是至关重要的。2.If they adjust their mind a little，it i
30、s not hard for them to find that life is just as promising as before.如果他们对于思路稍加调整，就不难发现生活和以前一样充满阳光。常用句型二：Itbe形容词(批评或表扬)of sb.to do sth. “能够做真是”当然，以下是一些包含It + be + 形容词（批评或表扬） + of sb. to do sth.结构的例句，并且都带有相应的中文翻译：2. It is brave of you to speak up for the truth, even when faced with opposition. 即使面对反对
31、,你也敢于说出真相,真是勇敢。2.It is thoughtful of her to remember our anniversary and send us a gift. 她记得我们的纪念日并送给我们礼物，真是体贴入微。3.It is foolish of him to believe everything he hears without checking the facts. 他不加核实就相信所听到的一切，真是愚蠢。常用句型三：Itbe名词 to do sth.“做是某人的责任/某人的荣幸/一件艰苦的事情/一件快乐的事情”1. It is our responsibility to
32、ensure that the project is completed on time and within budget. 确保项目按时并在预算内完成是我们的责任。2.It is a difficult task to raise funds for a charity that aims to help the homeless, especially during the winter.为一个旨在帮助无家可归者的慈善机构筹集资金是一项艰巨的任务，特别是在冬天。3.It is our responsibility to learn advanced science and technol
33、ogy to build socialism.学习先进的科学技术来建设社会主义是我们的责任。常用句型四：It takes(sb.)时间(金钱)to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间(金钱)”It took us a whole day to get to the top of the mountain on foot.徒步到达山顶花了我们一整天。练一练: 翻译句子1. 找到解决多年来一直困扰该行业的问题的方案对我们来说是一项挑战。_It is a challenge for us to find a solution to the problem that has been plagui
34、ng the industry for years.2.我们不可能按时把这项工作完成。_It is impossible for us to finish the work on time.3.你帮助我做这项工作，真是太好了。_Its very kind of you to help me with the work.4.在这里发言我很荣幸。_Its an honor to make a speech here.(三).疑问词(who，what，which，when，where，whether，how)动词不定式作主语什么时候动身去上海还没有决定。When to leave for Shang
35、hai has not been decided yet.点睛：动词原形不能作主语，可以用动名词或不定式。动名词作主语表示抽象的、泛指的动作，尤其是一般行为倾向；不定式作主语表示具体的动作。 当动名词短语或不定式短语很长时，可用it作形式主语。Read as much as possible is necessary.()Reading as much as possible is necessary.()It is necessary to read as much as possible.()从句作主语-主语从句1.从属连词that和whether/if引导主语从句That my pare
36、nts always treat me as a little child makes me very unhappy. 我的父母总是像对待小孩子那样对我，这让我很不开心。Whether the sports meeting will be held is not certain now.运动会是否会举行现在还不确定。2.连接代词引导主语从句(1) Who will bring up the child hasnt been decided yet.谁来抚养这个孩子还没有决定。(2) Whatever you do should do no harm to others.无论你做什么都不应该伤
37、害别人。3.连接副词引导主语从句How the book will sell depends on its author.这本书如何销售取决于作者本人。Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。注意:主语从句常使用it作形式主语。常用句型一：Itbe形容词/名词词组/过去分词/现在分词主语从句It is uncertain whether he can come to Jennys birthday party or not.还不能确定他是否会参加詹妮的生日聚会。常用句型二：It不及物动词(seem/appear/happen/occur to.)主语从句It happened that he was out when I got there.当我到那儿时，碰巧他不在。练一练: 翻译句子1.人们通常认为足够的新鲜空气有助于保持健康。_It is widely believed that plenty of fresh air contributes to good health.2.我突然想起做这项工作不是一个挑战而是一个机遇。_It occurred to me that it was not a challenge but a chance to do such a job
