1、猜测词义猜测词义 高考阅读理解之高考阅读理解之 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有词义猜测题常用的提问方式有： 1. The word “.” refers to/probably means 2. The underlined word “”could best be replaced by 3. What do you think the expression “”stands for? 4. By saying “”,we mean 5. “”,as used in the passage can best be defined as 6. Which of the following word
2、s can take the place of the word “”? 7. The underlined phrase “”is closet in meaning to.? 8. The underlined word “.” roughly means? If you come across the new words when reading, What will you do ? 生活生活 常识常识 上下文上下文 对比对比 转折转折 因果因果 关系关系 同位同位 关系关系 同义词同义词 反义词反义词 构词法构词法 定义定义 猜猜 How to guess the meaning o
3、f words? 1. Definition 定义法定义法 3. Similarity 相似法相似法 2. Contrast 对比法对比法 4. Cause and effect 因果法因果法 5. Example 例举法例举法 8. Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6. Word Formation 构词法构词法 猜测词义猜测词义 7. Context 上下文上下文 It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily. 1. Definition 定义法：定义法： 一般通过定义、定语一般通过定义
4、、定语 （从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。 A. fragile B. soft C. weak D. strong The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. (n. 牧羊人牧羊人) 1.1.定义法定义法 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is， or， that is (to say), in other words， be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇等词汇 或破折号来表示或破折号来表示 Gu
5、ess the Meaning of the Word 2. Contrast 对比法：对比法： 利用文中的反义词以及表对比关利用文中的反义词以及表对比关 系的词（组）猜测词义。系的词（组）猜测词义。 表示对比的词有表示对比的词有but、 while 、 or、however、 otherwise、 nevertheless等。等。 Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented. She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her fi
6、rst class. A. punctual B. late C. slowly D. quickly A (disagreed) Tests on rats show that those who raise two or three litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies. A. baby rats B. animals C. old rats D. grown-up rats My mind was in a million diff
7、erent places. Thanks to the strict training , Bell is now no longer nervous and a lot more confident. A. she was absent-minded B. she was nervous C. she was excited D. she was curious 表转折关系的词常有如表转折关系的词常有如but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, otherwise, though on the contrary等。
8、等。 小结小结 3. Similarity 相似法：利用同义相似法：利用同义 词、近义词或词组猜测词义。词、近义词或词组猜测词义。 1.Cleaning up waterways is an gigantic task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted. (adj. 巨大的巨大的;极大的极大的) 根据同义词，根据同义词， 2.The new tax law supersed
9、es, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. and ,or ,such as, like， for example, for instance常连接同义词组常连接同义词组 。 取代取代 “The Dave you saw on TV was the real Dave,” says friend Pat Williams, “He wasnt a great actor or a great speaker. He was just Joe Everybody.” 74. “He was just Joe Everybody.”
10、 ( in the last paragraph) means _. A. Dave was famous B. Dave was ordinary C. Dave was stupid D. Dave was shy In lab tests, carbon dioxide was better than heat and several other lures in drawing the bedbug out of hiding. The underlined word “lures” means something to A. used to attract bugs B. used
11、to kill bugs C. that can tease bugs D. that can feed bugs 4. Cause Effect 因果法：从原因推因果法：从原因推 测结果，从结果推测原因。测结果，从结果推测原因。 One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. (adj. 贫穷的贫穷的,穷困的穷困的) (adj. 大的大的) E
12、g. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. Not hear what you said concentrate/focus her attention on Since I have finished my paper now, I am going to give myself a treat tonight. I am going to watch a movie on campus, an action movie called “Face Off”. Th
13、e underlined words “a treat” here means _. A. an action movie B. something pleasant to enjoy C. a rest D. something nice to eat 1.All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because she was using the wrong key. 徒劳的徒劳的 Guess the meaning of the word 根据因果关系根据因果关系 小结小结 常用关联词常用关联词(如如because，as， since
14、，for，so，thus，as a result， so, so that, such that therefore等等)表示前因后果。表示前因后果。 5. Example 例举法：利用文中的举例例举法：利用文中的举例 猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有猜测词义。常见的举例的提示词有for instance, for example, such as等等 。 Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and colo
15、r televisions. (n. 电器用具电器用具) 6. Word Formation 构词法构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀） 和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本和词尾（后缀）所组成。词根是单词最基本 的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或的部分，表达单词的基本含义。在词根前或 后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原 词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头词的意义。只要我们掌握了各种词根、词头 和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测和词尾的基本含义，那么就可以很容易猜测 出由其构成的新词的含义了。出由
16、其构成的新词的含义了。 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有： super- (超超) mini- (极小的极小的, 微小的微小的) micro-（极微小的）（极微小的） re- （再，反复）（再，反复） mis-（误，恶）（误，恶） im-（不）（不） un-（不，非）（不，非） in-（不，非）（不，非） non-（不，非）（不，非） -able（能（能的的 ） -less（不，无）（不，无） -wards (向向) superman childish (超人超人) nonnatural mispronouce (非自然的非自然的) homeless antiagei
17、ng (无家可归的无家可归的) shewolf sleep-walk (母狼母狼) Can you guess the right meanings? (孩子气的孩子气的) (抗衰老的抗衰老的) (发错音发错音) (梦游梦游) 1. With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence. (2003NMET) uncondi
18、tional: nonjudgmental: 无条件的，绝对的无条件的，绝对的 没有判断力的没有判断力的 2.2.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等 Many artists find inspiration in traditional Indian designs A. confidence B. creative ideas C. power D. good advice According to Morrissey, trying to find a diet that can cure your illness ,or make
19、you superwoman is a fruitless search. 43.“a fruitless research” means_ A. an effort without results B. a search for diet without fruits C. a research on fruitless diet D. a diet serving as medicine Spending as little as $US 5 a day on someone else could significantly boost happiness, the team at the
20、 University of British Columbia found. A. help to find B. help to bring C. help to increase D. help to get C 7. 7. Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的上下文：利用语境及前后的 提示来猜测词义。提示来猜测词义。 下文：下文：Their experiment on more than 630 Americans showed that they were measurably happier when they spend money on others. 根据上下文线索根据上下
21、文线索 The whole family had experienced such a storm before and everyone remembered the damage it had caused to stock and cropsThere was very little we could do about the corps. But we needed to protect the animals in case the river flooded again The underlined word stock refers to_. A. money owned by
22、the family Bgoods for sale C. supplies for family use Dfarm animals 3. How has the coyote shown this extraordinary ability?” I guess if you wanted to use one word, itd be plasticity.” Coyotes can live alone, in pairs, or in large packs like wolves, hunt at night or during the day , occupy a small re
23、gion or an area up to 40 square miles, and live on all sorts of food, from lizards（蜥蜴）（蜥蜴）and shoes, to ants and melons. 63. The underlined word “plasticity” in Para. 2 refers to_. A. the ability to fit the environment B. notorious smartness C. hunting ability D. being human-tolerant Tom saw an owl
24、in a tree last night Aa bird Ban animal C. a star 2）Tom saw an owl last night Aa bird Ban animal C. a star Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got near Aa bird Ban animal C. a star A A B C A B (n. 猫头鹰猫头鹰) 3）The children are looking at an ape. Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tre
25、e Ca kind of bird The children are looking at an ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird The children are looking at a large, hairy ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird A A B C. A C (n. 猿猿) 8. 8. Common sense 普通常识：普通常识：根据普通常识和根据普通常识和 生活经验来猜测词义。生活经
26、验来猜测词义。 在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据 自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识 将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、 风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可 以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义 的能力自然就会增强。的能力自然就会增强。 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient
27、， he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. n. 麻醉剂麻醉剂( (药药) ) 嫁妆嫁妆 Guess the meaning 根据生活常识根据生活常识 In old days, when girls from rich families were married to their husbands, they expected to bring with
28、 themselves a large quantity of dowry. Can you guess the correct meanings of the following words? - 1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山雪山 B. 树枝树枝 C. 冰河冰河 D. 冰冰 2. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he wont give
29、it up halfway. A. weak B. stubborn C. kind D. clever C B 3. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is A man of few words A. 活泼的活泼的 B. 好动的好动的 C. 多嘴多舌的多嘴多舌的 D. 可爱的可爱的 4. Those new comers were not used to the life in the outskirts which was so different from that inside the city. A. town B. capital
30、 C. countryside D. house C C 5. Children are always boasting. They say things like “My Dads car is bigger than your Dads,” “My Mom is smarter than yours.” and “My family has more money than yours.” The word “boasting” means _. A. 骄傲骄傲 B. 吹牛吹牛 C. 顽皮顽皮 D. 幼稚幼稚 B 6. A bike tour and race will be held on
31、 Aug 26 and 27. At 5:30 am, the riders will leave Tiananmen Square and ride the first 35 km as a training leg. Then the next 55 Km leg from Yanjiao to Jixian, will be the first competition. The underlined word “leg” probably means _. A. race B. practice C. part of the training D. part of the tour A
32、mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系宗系), and his tribe. The word “disgrace” mean
33、s _ in this text. A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame D Passage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined
34、 word “banished” mean_. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping B My first job was to drive the oxen that ploughed the cane fields. I would walk behind an ox, guiding him with a broomstick. For $ 1 a day, I worked eight hours straight, with no food breaks. It was very
35、 tedious work, but it prepared me for life and taught me many lasting lessons. Because the plantation owners were always watching us, I had to be on time every day and work as hard as I could. What does the underlined word “tedious” probably mean? A. interesting B. tiresome C. relaxing D. unusual B
36、Passage 5 Although he often had the chance, Mr. Brown was never able to steal money from a customer. This would endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to jeopardize his future. The word “jeopardize” means _ in this text. A. protect B. endanger C. continue D. stop B Passage 6 After
37、a four-year relationship with a major fortune 100 company beginning as a sales trainee and ending as a regional sales manager, I left the company at the height of my career. Many people were astounded that I would leave after earning a six-figure income. And they asked why I would risk everything fo
38、r a dream. The underlined word “astounded” means _. A. very sad B. very sorry C. very pleased D. greatly surprised D 同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离同学们在做词义猜测题时注意不要脱离 语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专语境。有些常用词在特定的上下文中，或专 业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在业性文章中，具有特殊的或专门的词义。在 解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上解这类题时，必须仔细地研读划线部分的上 下文，有时要用到词义猜测技巧中的几项。下文，有时要用到词义猜测技巧中的几项。 如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义，如果离开特定的语言环境来理解生词意义， 必然会理解错误。必然会理解错误。 1. Definition 定义法定义法 3. Similarity 相似法相似法 2. Contrast 对比法对比法 4. Cause and effect 因果法因果法 5. Example 例举法例举法 8. Common Sense 普通常识普通常识 6. Word Formation 构词法构词法 猜测词义猜测词义 7. Context 上下文上下文 Summary No Image goodbye
