1、高考完型填空专题讲座 技巧点拨 为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多? 1.1.没有严格遵循答题步骤没有严格遵循答题步骤: : 多数同学考试时担心时间紧多数同学考试时担心时间紧, ,在没有弄清在没有弄清 短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题. . 事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到1515- -1818分分 钟钟. . 切记切记: :一定要用一定要用2 2- -3 3分钟时间进行缺词阅读分钟时间进行缺词阅读, ,弄清弄清 文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空. . 2. 2. 不
2、注意积累答题技巧不注意积累答题技巧: : a. a. 忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系; ; b. b. 遇到长句不注意分析句子结构遇到长句不注意分析句子结构, ,在语义模糊在语义模糊 时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择. . 模棱两可处和看不懂，该怎么办？ 似懂非懂，找寻答案就如大海掏针 从头到尾充满了暗示 猜也要猜得有理有据 命题是艺术，解题就是技术；命题是设计 陷阱，技巧就是识破陷阱 词汇题词汇题 高考完形高考完形 填空考什么？填空考什么？ 篇章结构篇章结构 句际关系句际关系 1. 1.题材常为说明文或题材常为说明文或夹叙夹议的文章夹叙夹
3、议的文章. . 2.2.内容完整内容完整, ,逻辑性强逻辑性强, ,语言结构严谨语言结构严谨. . 3.3.考察近义词语细微差别的辨析考察近义词语细微差别的辨析. . 4.4.考察重点多为实词考察重点多为实词: :名名/ /代代/ /动词动词/ /形容形容/ /副副 词等词等. . 5.5.关注语境背景知识关注语境背景知识, ,侧重上下关联侧重上下关联, ,暗示暗示 判断能力判断能力. . 6.6.侧重于篇章侧重于篇章, ,体现语用判断和内在逻辑体现语用判断和内在逻辑. . 完型填空特点完型填空特点: : 考纲解读考纲解读 完形填空是一种综合测试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测完形填空是一种综合测
4、试，涉及的知识面很广，是用来测 试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。具体表现在以试考生的阅读理解能力和综合应用语言的能力。具体表现在以 下几个方面：下几个方面： (1)词语辨析能力词语辨析能力 (2)语法结构分析能力语法结构分析能力 (3)语篇理解能力语篇理解能力 (4)逻辑推理能力逻辑推理能力 (5)文化背景透析能力文化背景透析能力 (6)作者意图剖析能力作者意图剖析能力 (7)生活常识综合运用能力生活常识综合运用能力 解题方法：解题方法：(科学药方科学药方) 总的原则总的原则: : “先完意，后完形先完意，后完形”。 八字方针：八字方针：上下求索，瞻前顾后。上下求索，瞻前顾后。 三步
5、曲：三步曲：读读填填读读 跳过空格，通读全文，跳过空格，通读全文， 把握大意把握大意 再读全文，反复检查再读全文，反复检查 结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案结合选项，综合考虑，初定答案 瞻前顾后，先易后难，瞻前顾后，先易后难， 个个击破个个击破 完形填空的解题步骤 把握整体把握整体 具体分析具体分析 三步答题三步答题 Step1 Skip(跳读跳读) the passage to get the general idea and pay attention to the first sentence. In the cloze test, there is no blank in the firs
6、t sentence ( (首句首句) ). . It helps us to know the topic of the whole passage. . ( (完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境）完形填空首句不挖空，帮助进入语境） Step2 Reread and choose the best answer for each blank by using some methods. (在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当在把握语篇大意的基础上，借助于一些恰当 的方法选择最佳答案的方法选择最佳答案) Four methods(四种常用的方法四种常用的方法)： 1、context (上下文语
7、境上下文语境) 2、word distinctions or collocations (词语辨析和固定搭配词语辨析和固定搭配) 3、information given in the passage (利用文章中的信息利用文章中的信息-原词复现、近义词和原词复现、近义词和 反义词等反义词等) 4、cultural background and common sense (文化背景和常识文化背景和常识) Step3 Read the passage again and check the answers. （将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查）（将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查） Tips: 1. t
8、he tense and the voice，the accord between subject and predicate (时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致时态语态，主谓语在上下文的中是否一致) 2. grammar and collocations (语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致语法和习惯用法的搭配在上下文中是否一致) 3. the connection between sentences and paragraphs (段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯段与段，句与句之间的衔接是否连贯) 4. the meaning of the whole passage (整体上检查
9、结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下整体上检查结构、语义及逻辑是否一致，上下 文的衔接是否合理文的衔接是否合理) 完形填空完形填空 九大解题技巧九大解题技巧 1.利用首句来解题利用首句来解题 I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was 36 and when I was 14, he said, “Youre never going to be 37(anything) but a failure. ” 36.A. bright B. useless C. simple D. hopeful 2. 根据上下文语境，合理推断来解题根据
10、上下文语境，合理推断来解题 Our father was a struggling 36(lawyer) , but I always knew he was 37 . He never criticized us, but used 38 to bring out our best. 37. A. strict B. honest C. special D. learned 38. A. help B. peace C. smile D. praise Practice His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt
11、and trousers. Although his family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T-shirt or to lose weight. 43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. clean B. straight C. larger D. darker 常见的标志性的词语有以下几种常见的标志性的词语有以下几种: 结构层次结构层次:firstly, secondly, thirdly； 逻辑关系：逻辑关系：thus, therefore, so； 递进关系：递进
12、关系：besides, whats more, further; 转折关系：转折关系：but, while, however等。等。 3. 利用语篇的标志性的词语解题利用语篇的标志性的词语解题 She told the front-desk clerk she had had a(n) _1_vacation, but was heart-broken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet developed. 1.A. disappointing B. wonderful C. uncomfortable
13、 D. important _ and the officers then began to eat their meal , saying that the mushrooms had a very strange_37_quite pleasant taste. 37. A. besides B. but C. and D. or 4. 根据逻辑推理解题根据逻辑推理解题 Students generally appreciate these special 50 opportunities. They are almost always fun and interesting, and p
14、rofessors 51 them too because students learn so much in just a few short months. 50. A. working B. living C. teaching D. learning 51. A. hold B. like C. dislike D. discover Practice The amount of usable water has always been of great interest in the world. 36(Owning) springs and streams sometimes me
15、ans control , particularly in the 37 areas like the desert. Adry Bdistant Cdeserted Dwild 5. 根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择根据常识和文化背景的角度来选择 I went into a caf and asked for a coffee. 21 I was waiting for my drink, I realized that there were other people in the place , but I sensed 22 (loneliness). ABefore BSince CAl
16、though DWhile 6.从语法角度来解题从语法角度来解题 1) He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he shouldnt have gone into that place. 1.A.after all B.in all C.at all D. for all 2) So I tried hard with my writing and went to college . My first novel 45 while I was at college. 45. A. came on B. came in C
17、. came out D. came back 7.从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题从词汇辨析和固定搭配方面来解题 8.利用词汇的复现解题利用词汇的复现解题 How does a tooth go bad? The 51 begins in a little crack in the enamel (珐琅）珐琅）covering of the tooth. This happens after germs and bits of food have collected there. Then the decay slowly spreads inside the tooth. In the en
18、d, poison goes into blood, and we may feel quite ill. 51. A. destruction B. decay C. fault D. hurt 上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。上文中讲蛀牙如何产生。 空空51和红体单词在和红体单词在 意义上是一致的，意义上是一致的， 属于属于同义词复现现象同义词复现现象。 .I raised the pistol and fired. The animal fell backwards with an angry cry. Father took the _38_ smoking pistol from my han
19、d , and fired another shot, which killed the gorilla. 38. A. still B. yet C. even D. already 9.利用语气副词的情景解题利用语气副词的情景解题 summary 研究首尾找主题 上下联系寻信息 左顾右盼找搭配 思前想后觅逻辑 语境分析辨词义 集中精力破难题 回读检查补漏洞 完形填空之完形填空之 实战训练实战训练 The three youths leaned over the metal rails along the sea-wall and watched a few fishermen pull i
20、n their nets. About thirty metres away, a boat pulled alongside the slippery steps leading 36 to the sea. “Hey, look!” exclaimed Rahim. “Those two men are 37 heavy rocks. I thought we no longer do muscle labour in this technological 38 . ”“”“you dont 39 a crane (起重机起重机)to unload less than a dozen ro
21、cks, do you?”smiled Joshua. “But those men dont 40 to have muscles at all,”said Michael,rather surprised .Joshua smiled. “They are 41 laborers who know how to spread the weight of the rocks they 42 . See how the man positions the rock just at the slope of his 43 . 36. A. through B. across C. down D.
22、 up 37.A.loading B.unloading C.covering D.uncovering 38. A. way B. revolution C. process D. era 39. A. ask B. expect C. attempt D. hope 40. A. happen B. fail C. have D. seem 41. A.ambitious B. experienced C. potential D.energetic 42. A. take B. fetch C. carry D. bring 43. A. shoulder B. back C. ches
23、t D. arms 原词重现原词重现 语境语境 理解理解 词义词义 用法用法 排除法排除法 语境语境-词义词义 词义辨析词义辨析 常识常识 Some of the rocks weight is set 44 his head, some on the right hand and some on the left hand. His body isnt bent. His legs are well 45 . ” “Youre right, Josh. He may have a small build. 46 he certainly well knows his job. Dear me
24、! And to think we have been studying 47 ! ” Rahim thought about all that was happening. Suddenly, he said, “Technology wont 48 the human being completely, it appears.” “I dont think it will. ” 49 Joshua. “You can harvest a crop of potatoes or wheat with one of those large, multi-purpose tractors, bu
25、t you 50 use that equipment to harvest lea leaves and tomatoes, will you?” 44.A. on B. against C.toward D. under 45.A.supported B.grasped C. placed D.strengthened 46.A. but B. however C. so D. therefore 47.A.chemistry B. physics C. biology D. psychology 48.A. control B.affect C.remove D. replace 49.
26、A. agreed B. proposed C. refused D. denied 50.A. cant B. mustnt C. wont D. neednt 常识常识 词义词义 词义辨析词义辨析 转折关系转折关系 语境理解语境理解 词义词义 语境语境 语境语境 原词重现原词重现 “You can get a computer to 51 multiple-choice assessments, but you cannot get the computer to produce of assess essays, can you?” asked Michael. “Well, the w
27、ashing machine leaves my shirt collar quite as 52 as ever - thats domestic technology for you! ” said Rahim. “One day, perhaps, there wont be anybody 53 who can carry a large rock the way those men do. Its not going to be a very 54 world, Im afraid.” Sighed Michael. “Youre too much of a pessimist (悲
28、观主义者悲观主义者)， Mike.” Said Joshua. “ 55 will always be other things that will make the world exciting. ” 51. A. point out B. take out C. hand out D. print out 52. A. dirty B. clean C.old D. new 53. A. caught B. arranged C. left D. convinced 54.A. exciting B. mysterious C. technological D. modern 55.A.
29、That B. This C. They D.There 常识常识 常识常识-语境语境 词义词义- -句型句型 原原 词词 重重 现现 固定句型固定句型 Are dreams of any use to the dreamer or to anybody else? We may remember the traveler who _1_ the ship Waratah at Durban because of his terrible _2_. The Waratah later disappeared entirely, with everyone on _3_. The travele
30、rs dreams helped him and saved him from _4_, but they didnt help the other people. Why was this man treated _5_ from everyone else? 1. A. left B. got C. drove D. enter 2. A. ideas B. suggestions C. dreams D. words 3. A. board B. ship C. sea D. deck 4. A. life B. death C. illness D. disease 5. A. sim
31、ilarly B. differently C. strangely D. unfortunately left board death differently dreams Another man _6_ had a dream about the Black Forest in Germany. In his dream he was walking in the forest _7_ two men ran out and tried to throw him to the _8_. He ran off as fast as he could, but they followed. H
32、e reached a place _9_ he saw two _10_ roads in front of him, one to the right and the other to the left. Which road ought he to _11_ ? 6. A. alone B. once C. still D. even 7. A. while B. as C. before D. when 8. A. floor B. earth C. soil D. ground 9. A. which B. that C. where D. who 10. A. same B. se
33、parate C. divided D. crossed 11. A. take B. bring C. carry D. go 句型 下文有暗示 宾语 separate where ground when once take Problem solving strategies 上下文语境上下文语境（context) 常识背景常识背景（common sense） 习惯搭配习惯搭配（phrases & idioms） 词义辨析词义辨析 （comparison） 语法分析语法分析（grammar analysis) 逻辑分析逻辑分析 (logical analysis ) 排除法排除法 （exc
34、lusive method ） 灵活的解题技巧灵活的解题技巧 He heard the two men _12_ him, getting nearer and at the same time he heard a voice in his ear. It told him to go to the _13_ , and he did so. He ran on and soon came to a small hotel. He was _14_ here kindly and given a room, and so he was _15_ from the two men. That
35、was the dream. 12. A. next to B. in front of C. beside D. behind 13. A. house B. hotel C. left D. right 14. A. accepted B. received C. refused D. closed 15. A. killed B. murdered C. saved D. robbed behind right 下文有暗示 received saved 16. A. exactly B. really C. sincerely D. actually 17. A. happened B.
36、 performed C. acted D. chose 18. A. forgot B. remembered C. missed D. noticed 19. A. arrived B. left C. reached D. got 20. A. ago B. before C. later D. after Twenty years later he was _16_ in the Black Forest and as it _17_ in the dream long before, two men ran out and tried to throw him down. He ran off, and came to a place with two roads as in the dream.He_18_ the dream and took the road to the right. He soon _19_a small hotel, was taken in, and so was safe. His dream of twenty years _20_ had Saved his life. really happened remembered reached before 第11题答案 第13题答案
