1、第二部分 技能分类突破 一、叙述故事常用的语义连接词汇 并列关系 both.and., not only.but also., neither.nor., and 对称关系 on the one hand, on the other hand; for one thing, for another 对比关系 while, on the contrary 递进关系 even, whats more, besides, whats worse, to make things worse, worse still 转折关系 but, however, otherwise 因果关系 as, becau
2、se, since, for 让步关系 though, even if/though, no matter wh- ， whether. or. 二、读后续写常用修辞 1明喻：用一种事物比喻所要说明的另一事物，两者在本质 上或性质上有相似之处。常用格式是“本体喻体”，常用like, as.as, as if或as though引导。 Life is rather like opening a tin of sardines. Were all looking for the opener. 人生就像开启一罐沙丁鱼，我们大家都在找起子。 Good coffee is like friendshi
3、p: rich, warm and strong. 好的咖啡如同友谊：丰厚、温暖、热烈。 2暗喻：对所比喻事物不直接点明而是用一个词来指代与该 词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。 Humor is the shock absorber of life; it helps us take action. 幽默是生活的减震器，它可以鼓舞我们付诸行动。 Love is a lamp. The darker the background is, the brighter it looks. 爱是一盏灯。背景越暗，它看上去就越亮。 3拟人：赋予无生命事物、自然现象、抽象概念或动物人的 感情、行为、品质
4、、态度等特征，以达到彼此交融、合二为一的 效果。 The wind stood up and gave a shout. 大风凛冽，发出怒吼。 The forest held its breath, and the trees seemed to listen attentively. 森林屏住了呼吸，树木似乎聚精会神地听着。 4类比：比较两事物在多方面的相似或不同之处，常用结 构：A is to B what C is to D：A之于B犹如C对D一样。 Shoes are to feet what tires are to wheels. 鞋子之于脚犹如轮胎之于车轮一样。 Books ar
5、e to our minds what food is to our body. 书籍之于我们的思想，犹如食物之于我们的身体。 5夸张：通过夸大程度达到强调句意、丰富感情色彩的目 的。 He worked his fingers to the bone. 他拼命干活。 I was scared to death. 我吓得要死。 6引用：写文章时，引用现成语(如成语、诗句、格言、典 故等)以表达自己的思想感情，说明自己对新问题、新道理的见 解。它使论据确凿、充分，增强说服力，富有启发性，而且语言 精炼，含蓄典雅。 What impresses me most is his famous sayi
6、ng，“Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety- nine percent perspiration.” 最让我印象深刻的是他的名言：“天才是百分之一的灵感加 上百分之九十九的汗水。” Since“life is a stage”，we are actually actors and actresses. 因为“生活是一个舞台”，我们实际上都是男女演员。 技能一技能一 动作细节描写动作细节描写 技能点拨技能点拨 动作细节描写就是对人物行为、动作的描写。好的动作描写 可以使人物形象及动作栩栩如生、活灵活现，个性特征更加鲜 明。人物动作的描写要遵循
7、以下三个原则： 1使用动词要精准。对动作进行细致描写时一定要用准动作 类词汇。用一系列小动作而不用大动作或者用含义比较明确的动 词而不用抽象的动词来描述，都可以使描写更加具体生动。 2动词描述要体现过程。记叙文中有不少动作描写是一连串 动作过程的展示。尤其在展示表现人物个性的动作时，如果我们 蜻蜓点水、一笔带过，就很难突出刻画人物形象，也很难给阅卷 老师留下深刻的印象，而动作细节描写能够充分展示出动作的过 程，让故事情节生动活泼。 3适当运用修辞。在动作描述的过程中，在必要的地方可以 恰当使用一些比喻，拟人与夸张等修辞手法，都能让动作描写变 得更有表现力。 素材积累素材积累 1与“跑、跳、行走
8、”相关的动作 wander into the woods 在树林里漫步 walk across street 步行穿过马路 walk arm in arm 手挽手地走 walk through the pouring rain 在倾盆大雨中行走 pace back and forth 来回踱步；徘徊 jump to ones feet 一跃而起 walk gracefully 步态优雅地走 jog in the woods 在林间慢跑 rush out of the room 冲出房间 crawl to safety 爬到安全的地方 2与“看、听、说”相关的词汇 listen impatien
9、tly 不耐烦地听 glare angrily at sb. 怒目而视着某人 glance around/round the room 扫视房间 stare at 凝视 take a look at 看一看 overhear a funny conversation 无意间听到一段好笑的谈话 remark 评论说 add 补充说 3其他与肢体语言相关的词汇 shrug ones shoulders 耸肩 frown at sb. 对某人皱眉 bow to sb. 向某人鞠躬 nod in agreement 点头表示赞同 applaud 鼓掌欢迎 pat sb. on the shoulder
10、/head 拍某人的肩膀/头 grasp/hold ones hand 抓住某人的手 point to sb. 指着某人 wave ones hand 挥手 解题流程解题流程 2016 浙江10月高考改编阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行 续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 One weekend in July, Jane and her husband, Tom, had driven three hours to camp overnight by a lake in the forest. Unfortunately, on the way an unpleasant subject came
11、 up and they started to quarrel. By the time they reached the lake, Jane was so angry that she said to Tom, “Im going to find a better spot for us to camp” and walked away. With no path to follow, Jane just walked on for quite a long time. After she had climbed to a high place, she turned around, ho
12、ping to see the lake. To her surprise, she saw nothing but forest and, far beyond, a snow- capped mountain top. She suddenly realized that she was lost. “Tom! ” she cried. “Help！” No reply. If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom. Jane kept moving, but the farther she walked,
13、the more confused she became. As night was beginning to fall, Jane was so tired that she had to stop for the night. Lying awake in the dark, Jane wanted very much to be with Tom and her family. She wanted to hold him and tell him how much she loved him. Jane rose at the break of day, hungry and thir
14、sty. She could hear water trickling (滴落) somewhere at a distance.Quickly she followed the sound to a stream. To her great joy, she also saw some berry bushes. She drank and ate a few berries. Never in her life had she tasted anything better. Feeling stronger now, Jane began to walk along the stream
15、and hope it would lead her to the lake. As she picked her way carefully along the stream, Jane heard a helicopter. Is that for me? Unfortunately, the trees made it impossible for people to see her from above. A few minutes later, another helicopter flew overhead. Jane took off her yellow blouse, thi
16、nking that she should go to an open area and flag them if they came back again. Paragraph 1： But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again._ _ _ Paragraph 2： It was daybreak when Jane woke up._ _ _ _ _ _ 第一步：初读，获取基本信息 1故事主线：驱车野营生嫌隙，迷失山林心焚急；挨饿恐惧 度长夜，两架飞机丧良机。 2故事要素： (1)When: one weekend i
17、n July (2)Who: Jane(Wife); Tom(Husband) (3)Where: in the forest (4)Why：The couple had a quarrel. (5)What：Jane was lost. 3故事情节(故事情节线/人物情感线) (1)已知线索：湖边野营夫妻吵架负气出走迷失森林 失联自救想念亲人挣扎寻路发现直升机飞离 (2)根据故事情节选择填空 A.regretful B.hopeful C.angry D.joyful E.frightened 答案：C E A D B 第二步：再读，获取发展线索，构思情节发展 1细读续写两段开头语，理顺续写各
18、段落之间的逻辑关系 (根据所给段落首句，创设35个发问题目) Paragraph 1: But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. (1)How did Jane feel then? (2)How did Jane struggle through the night? (3)Did she fall asleep? Paragraph 2: It was daybreak when Jane woke up. (1)Was Jane rescued? (2)Who rescued Jane? (3)How was
19、she rescued? (4)How did she feel then? 2预测续写故事情节 Paragraph 1：本段预测主线：饥饿劳累懊悔知，养精蓄锐等 良机；夜卧山林心恐惧，夜色沉寂又睡去。 Jane后悔和Tom吵架，相信他一定会报警营救她。她必须积 攒力气以便明天给直升机(helicopter)发信号，夜幕躺在小溪(stream) 边，野兽声令她恐惧，后来在夜幕中睡着了。 Paragraph 2：本段预测主线：醒看渔民在远处，带她爬到开 阔地；欣喜飞机见衬衣，夫妻相拥又相知。 Jane第二天醒来突然发现远处有个渔民(at a distance)，渔民 带她爬到(climb)一个开
20、阔的没有树遮挡的地方，令她欣喜的是(To her great joy)，就在那时，一架直升机飞过头顶。渔民帮她挥舞着 黄色的衬衣(yellow blouse)，她得救了。 第三步：优化写作语言，完成读后续写 Paragraph 1： But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again._ _ _ Paragraph 1： But no more helicopters came and it was getting dark again. Jane was so tired, hungry, and extremely frig
21、htened. She thought to herself, “If only I had not quarreled with Tom. Where is Tom? He must have made the emergency call. What I need is enough courage. If I continue my spirits tomorrow, I will be likely to guide the helicopter.” Lying beside the stream, she fell asleep very soon. Suddenly, she he
22、ard the shouts of tigers, which made her scared to death. After she held her breath for a few minutes, everything was quiet again. In the terrible darkness, she slept again. Paragraph 2： It was daybreak when Jane woke up._ _ _ _ _ _ Paragraph 2： It was daybreak when Jane woke up. She caught sight of
23、 a fisherman at a distance, with whose help she climbed to an open area. To her great joy, a helicopter flew overhead just at that moment. The fisherman helped flag her yellow blouse wildly. This did catch the rescuers attention! Jane was rescued. Seeing Tom, she told him how much she missed him. Ne
24、ver would they be away from each other. Tom gave her the warmest and longest hug she had ever received. People around smiled with satisfaction. 沙场练兵 写满分作文 2020 青岛市高三统一质量检测阅读下面材料，根据其内容 和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 David knew the waterfall was coming. It wasnt his first visit to the river in central Cali
25、fornia. He figured he would hop out of his raft into the shallow water, rappel down the rocks (沿岩壁绕绳下降) on either side of the falls, and continue on his way, as he had on a previous trip. But this year was different. Heavy snow and spring rains had turned the usually manageable falls into something
26、fierce. And this year, instead of his friends, Davids companions were his wife, Sara, and his 13- year- old son, Hunter. As the three of them approached the falls late on the afternoon of the third day of their camping trip, David could tell from the increasing roar of water in the narrowing valley
27、that they were in serious trouble. There was no way theyd be able to rappel down the rocks as planned. They could wade (蹚水) to the shore, but would anyone find them there? They had no phone service, and they hadnt seen a single person in the past three days. And David knew theyd be sharing the groun
28、d there with snakes and mountain lions. As he wondered what to do, David had a bit of luckhe heard voices coming from the other side of the falls. He yelled, but the sound of the rushing water drowned him out. “We have to get these people a message，” David thought. He caught a stick and pulled out h
29、is pocketknife to carve “Help” in it. Then he tied a rope to it so the people would know it wasnt just any stick. He tried flying it over the falls, but it floated away in the wrong direction. Then he spotted his green water bottle. David grabbed it and carved “Help！” on it. Sara also reminded him t
30、hat he had a pen and paper, which shed brought to play games with, in his backpack. David knew it was just an attempt. But he wrote down “6- 15- 19 We are stuck here at the waterfall. Get help please” and pushed the note into the bottle. 注意： 1续写词数应为150左右； 2请按如下格式作答。 This time, his throw over the wat
31、erfall was perfect._ _ _ The next morning, they heard a helicopter hovering (盘旋) above them._ _ _ 【佳作展台】 This time, his throw over the waterfall was perfect.“All right, thats all we can do，” David said. It took 30 minutes to navigate back upstream to the beach where theyd had lunch. They made a fire
32、 and as the evening wore on, they waited for rescue anxiously. By about 10： 30 pm., they decided they probably werent going to get rescued that night, so they pulled out their sleeping bags. Before turning in, Sara added more wood to the fire to keep the mountain lions away. The next morning, they h
33、eard a helicopter hovering (盘旋) above them.The three were waving and yelling when they saw the helicopter. After the pilot landed, they went aboard the helicopter. When chatting with the rescuers, the family learned more about the events saving them: Two men picked up the bottle and noticed the writ
34、ing. Then they realized there was a note inside. After they read it, they went to the campground, turned the bottle in, and left without leaving their names. 技能二技能二 心理活动描写和对话语言描写心理活动描写和对话语言描写 技能点拨技能点拨 1心理活动描写是指在文章中，对人物在一定的环境中的心 理状态、精神面貌和内心活动进行的描写。它是塑造人物形象、 刻画人物性格品质的一种方法。最常用的是描写人物的内心独 白，写出人物的所思所想，让人物
35、直接吐露自己的心声，说出他 的欢乐和悲伤、矛盾和愁郁、忧虑和希望，心理描写能够直接深 入人物心灵，揭示人物的内心世界，同时也能够突出文章的中心 或表明人物的品质或情感。心理活动描写要遵循以下三个原则： (1)加上修饰语，落实“细微处”。描写人物心理活动时，一 定要突出细节，所有的感情都体现在“细微处”，尽量不用过于 笼统的词，而用相关的细节性词汇或词组，例如：smiled happily, shining smile on her face等。 (2)体现“多样性”，避免描写“单一化”。在进行人物心理 描写时，尽量避免平铺直叙的表达，可以采用多种句式、非谓语 动词等形式来体现语法结构的多样性。
36、 (3)适当使用比喻修辞方法，让表达生动而优美。 2与心理活动描写不同，对话语言描写能在一定程度上让人 物把自己的心理活动说出来。对话可以是两个人的对话，也可以是 几个人的相互交谈。描写人物的语言，不但要求做到个性化，而且 还要体现出人物说话的艺术性。成功的语言描写总是鲜明地展示人 物的性格，生动地表现人物的思想感情，深刻地反映人物的内心世 界。读后续写中对话语言描写要遵循以下三个原则： (1)控制对话的比重。读后续写中的对话描写要注意在文中段落 中的比重问题，切忌全以对话或大部分对话代替其他细节描写。 (2)对话内容应符合人物身份特征，否则写作效果会打折扣。 (3)续写中所写对话应该紧扣一个
37、中心或话题，且这个中心或者 话题需要与全文的主题一致，这样才能使文章思路清晰，才能使对 话显得有意义，否则将会影响文意的表达和故事情节的发展。 素材积累素材积累 1心理活动描写 be keen on. 对热心；渴望 dance/jump for joy 高兴地跳起来 an encouraged expression 受到鼓舞的表情 in cheerful spirits 心情愉快 a satisfied look 满意的表情 be delighted at. 对很高兴 brighten sb.s heart 使某人心情愉快 feel inspired/encouraged 受到鼓舞 be in
38、 high spirits 精神高涨 a strong sense of loss 强烈的失落感 with a heavy heart 怀着沉重的心情 cry ones heart out 悲痛欲绝 with a sinking heart 带着沮丧的心情 have a worried look 愁眉苦脸 feel embarrassed/annoyed/discouraged 感到尴尬的/恼怒的/泄气的 2对话语言描写 say.loudly/proudly/gently/angrily/seriously/cheerfully. 大声地/自豪地/温柔地/生气地/严肃地/高兴地说 add th
39、at 补充说 answer sb./make an answer to sb. 回答某人 tell sb. sth./tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事 remind sb. that. 提醒某人 explain sth. clearly 清楚地解释某事 announce/declare that. 宣布 yell out/cry out to sb. 大声朝某人喊叫 whisper to sb. gently 对某人温声细语 complain about. 抱怨 object to/raise an objection to 反对 disagree with/have a dis
40、agreement with 不同意 argue with sb. over sth. 与某人争论某事 解题流程解题流程 2018 浙江6月高考改编阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续 写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West. We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mex
41、ico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dads friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos. His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house lis
42、tening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. “The day starts at dawn on my farm，” he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze
43、 (吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool. In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasnt going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy
44、hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. “Dont be late for supper，” Uncle Paul cried, “and keep to the track so that you dont get lost！” “OK！” my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the
45、 brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven (编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us. Paragraph 1： Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse._ _ _ Paragraph 2： We had no idea where we were and it
