1、Section Reading and Thinking .核心词汇 1_ n. 烟草；烟叶 2_ n. 滥用；虐待；辱骂vt. 滥用；虐待；辱骂 3_ n. 回报；奖励；报酬vt. 奖励，奖赏；给以 报酬 4_ vt. 促进；促使，使便利 5_ adj. 消极的；有害的；否定的 6_ n. 自制力，纪律；学科vt. 自我控制；管 教，处罚 tobacco abuse reward facilitate negative discipline .拓展词汇 1alcohol n. _alcoholic adj. _ n. _ 2_ adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的_ adv. 身体上；肉体上
2、 3dominate vt.& vi. _ _ n. 支配；统治 4_ adv.重复地_ v重复_ adj. 重复的_ n重复 5psychology n. _ adj. 心理(学)的_ adv. 心理上地；精神上地 _ n心理学家 酒；酒精 酒精的；含酒精的 酗酒者 physical physically 支配；控制；占有优势 domination repeatedly repeat repeated repetition 心理学；心理；心理影响 psychological psychologically psychologist 6_ vi.依赖；依靠；信赖_ adj. 可信赖的 7 _
3、vt.(仔细)检查； 审查； 测验_ n 检 查；审查；考试 8pessimistic adj. _pessimism n. _pessimist n. _pessimistically adv. _ adj. 乐观的；乐观主义的 rely reliable examine examination 悲观的；悲观主义的 悲观主义 悲观主义者 悲观地 optimistic .重点短语 1_ 卷入到中，参与到中 2_ 充当，起作用 3_ 回答，答复 4_ 依赖，依靠 5_ 除以外 6_ 立即，马上 7_ 决定，选定 become/be involved in act as in response t
4、o rely on aside from straight away decide on .重点句型 These bad habits, _， could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. 如果放任不管，这些不良习惯在他们成年以后会变得更加 严重。 if left unchecked 根据课文内容选择正确答案 1Why are the teenagers easy to form bad habits? ABecause they are fond of tobacco or alcohol. BBecause they pa
5、y no attention to their health. CBecause they intend to make their parents upset. DBecause they are more independent and have their own ideas. 2Why does the author quote Aristotles words? ATo show changing bad habits is never easy. BTo imply we always repeat useless things. CTo tell our life is only
6、 in the control of ourselves. DTo warn us to get ready for the difficulties. 3Which of the following is considered as “reward”？ AYou take a walk around the school in the morning. BYou find yourself excited after a talk with your friend. CYou decide to borrow two books from the city library. DYoure w
7、illing to volunteer in your community this weekend. 4What attitude does the author take to changing bad habits? AObjective. BPessimistic. CPositive. DSkeptical. 第一版块第一版块|重点词汇诠释重点词汇诠释 1.independent adj.自立的，有主见的；独立的，自主的 (1)be independent of sb./sth. 不依赖某人/某物 (2)depend vi. 相信；依靠，依赖 depend on/upon 信赖，依靠
8、，相信 (3)independence n. 独立，自主 gain independence from. 从中获得独立 Children should be encouraged to be independent thinkers. 应该鼓励孩子们独立思考。 At this age, children become relatively independent of their mothers. 在这个年龄，孩子们变得较为独立，不完全依赖母亲。 India became independent in 1947.印度于1947年获得独 立。 We depend on energy to do
9、many things in our daily lives. 在日常生活中，我们做很多事情都离不开能源。 In 1821，the people of Mexico gained their independence from Spain. 1821年，墨西哥人民脱离西班牙获得了独立。 即学即练 单句语法填空 Tom is so _ (dependent) that he never asks his parents opinion unless he wants their support. People are dependent _ mobile phones for storing i
10、nformation so much that they sometimes are unable to remember basic things. Although the Great Wall has lost its military value for a long time, it reflects the dignity (尊严), confidence and _ (independent) of the Chinese people. Susan wanted to be independent _ her parents after graduation. She trie
11、d living alone. independent on/upon independence of 语境串记： In the past，he lived on the money donated by others. To get rid of his dependence on others, he began to earn his living by fishing. Now, he is not dependent on others any more. That is to say, he is independent nowadays. As he put it，“Indepe
12、ndence can build up my self- confidence.” 过去，他靠别人捐助的钱生活。为了摆脱对别人的依赖， 他开始以捕鱼为生。现在，他不再依靠别人了，也就是说，他 目前独立了。就像他所说的：“独立自主能够增强我的自 信。” 2abuse n滥用；虐待；辱骂；vt.滥用；虐待；伤害； 辱骂 Much of the crime in this area is related to drug abuse. 这一地区的许多犯罪活动都与吸毒有关。 The most unnerving thing about child abuse is the number of cases
13、 that go unreported. 有关虐待儿童方面最让人不安的是大量的此类行为没有被 报道。 Such abuse does Denise more good than vitamins. 这样大骂一通，对丹尼丝来说胜过吃灵丹妙药。 Government officials shouldnt abuse their powers. 政府官员不应该滥用职权。 Kevin abused his eyesight by watching too much TV. 凯文看电视太多导致视力受损。 Instead of debating the issues, the candidates abu
14、sed each other. 竞选者们相互谩骂而没有辩论问题。 即学即练 完成句子/翻译句子 他们在国内参与反对践踏人权的活动已经多年了。 They have for many years been involved in a campaign against _ in their country. She is continually abusing her position by getting other people to do things for her. _ the abuse of human rights 她不断地滥用职权，让别人为她办事。 3.dominate vt.&
15、vi.支配；控制；占有优势 be dominated by. 被控制 domination n. 控制；支配 dominant adj. 占支配地位的；占优势的；显著的 He has authority, but he doesnt try to dominate others. 他有权威，但并不想控制别人。 As he was dominated by his father, he couldnt make his own decision. 因被父亲控制着，他不能自己作出决定。 即学即练 用dominate的正确形式填空 In recent years, social policy _ b
16、y cutting down expenses. It is natural that some companies are fighting for _ of the market. The firm has achieved a _ position in the world market. has been dominated domination dominant 高考助记： Food webs may be dominated by many weak links because that arrangement is more stable over the long term.
17、食物网或许被很多弱的连接控制，因为那种安排从长远看 更稳定。 4.in response to意为“作为对的答复/反应”。 (1)response nC，U 答复；响应，反应 make no response to. 对不作答复 (2)respond vi.& vt. 回答，回应 vi.响应，作出反应 respond to. 回应/回答；对作出反应 She opened the door in response to the knock at the door.她 听到敲门声，打开了门。 The product was developed in response to customer dem
18、and. 这种产品是为了满足顾客的需要而开发的。 Carl made no response to my question, and carried on with his meal. 卡尔没有回答我的问题，继续吃饭。 He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.他对我的建议 报以一笑。 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 _ (know) basic first- aid techniques will help you respond quickly _ emergencies. _ (作为对的回应)the audiences great deman
19、d, the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week. I asked her if she would attend Barbaras party to be held the next week，but she _ (没有回 复) my letter. Knowing to In response to made no response to/didnt respond to 特别提示：在in response to、respond to 中to是介词，其后 接名词、代词或v- ing作宾语。 5.reward n回报；奖励；报酬 v
20、t.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬 give/offer a reward to sb. for (doing) sth. 为(做)某事而给某 人报酬 in reward (for) 作为(对的)回报、奖赏 reward sb. with sth. for( doing) sth. 为(做)某事用某物奖赏 /酬谢某人 rewarding adj. 有益的；有意义的 The researchers then tested how the monkeys combinedor addedthe symbols to get the reward. 研究者随后测试了这些猴子如何组合或添加这些符号来获得奖 励。
21、 She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile. 她开始对着婴儿唱歌，婴儿对她回报以微笑。 Its unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work. 他辛苦工作却得到很少回报是不公平的。 Traveling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 沿着古丝绸之路旅行是一次有趣而又有意义的经历。 即学即练 完成句子 我怎样才能报答你的好意呢？ How c
22、an I _ you _ your kindness? 警方出大笔赏金寻找那起抢劫案的破案线索。 The police are _ clues about the robbery. 你帮了这么大的忙，理应受到奖励。 You deserve _ being so helpful. 我真的要说这是一次有意义的旅行。 I must say its _. reward for offering a big reward for a reward for a rewarding trip 易混辨析：award, reward, prize award：作名词指“奖品，奖金”等；作动词表示“授予， 给予；
23、判给”，可以跟双宾语，award sb. sth.把某物授予/判给 某人。 reward：作名词表示“赏金，奖励”或一些非金钱的报 酬；作动词表示“奖赏，酬谢”，只能以人或人的行为作宾 语。 prize：只能作名词，表示“奖赏， 奖金，奖品”，尤指在 比赛中获得的荣誉。 Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition. A $100 reward has been offered for the return of the necklace. After graduation he was awarded a lot of
24、money to do research. 6rely on依赖；依靠；信赖 (1)rely on/upon sb. for sth./to do sth. 依赖/依靠某人做某事 rely on/upon it that. 指望/放心(此结构中it作形式宾 语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句) (2)reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的 Dont rely on going abroad for our holidaywe may not be able to afford it. 不要指望去国外度假，我们可能负担不起费用。 She cannot be relied on to tel
25、l the truth.别指望她能说真 话。 We cant rely on him to come in time.我们不能指望他及时 赶到。 You can rely upon it that it will rain this weekend.你放心好 了，本周末一定下雨。 You may rely on it that he will be safe.你放心好了，他一 定会安全的。 即学即练 单句语法填空 We rely on you _(set) a good example. You can rely on _ that she will come to help you, for
26、 she is honest and kind- hearted. The news comes from a _ (rely) source. to set it reliable 联想拓展：depend on/upon依靠；依赖 It/That depends.视情况而定。 The country depends heavily on its tourist trade. 这个国家十分依靠旅游业。 Are you going to visit him? Well, it depends. 你要去看他吗？ 哦，这要看情况。 7.straight away 立刻，马上 The boy ran
27、out of the classroom straight away as the bell rang. 那个男孩一听到铃声响就马上跑出了教室。 I told him what I thought about the matter straight away. 我立刻把我对这个问题的看法告诉了他。 即学即练 单句写作 你应该立刻去看医生。 _ You should go to see a doctor straight away/right now/in no time/at once/immediately/instantly. 归纳拓展：“立刻，马上”的其他表达法： right now,
28、in no time, at once, immediately, instantly In no time, youll be able to enjoy the fruits of your labor. 你很快就可以享受你劳动的成果了。 8.decide on/upon决定；选定 decide to do sth. 决定做某事 decision n. 决定 make a decision 做出决定 Have you decided on the topic for your speech？你确定演 讲的主题了吗？ We must decide on a fit place for the
29、 meeting. 我们必须选定一个合适的地点开会。 We have decided on going for a trip next week. 我们已决定下周去旅行。 即学即练 单句语法填空/完成句子 At todays meeting we are to discuss and decide _ the most effective approaches to the study of mathematics. In the end, he decided on _ (spend) his summer holiday by the sea. I dont want to make th
30、e wrong _(decide) and regret it later. Later Mrs Smith _(决定买) this kind of cloth because she was told that the cloth washed very well. on spending decision decided on buying 或 decided to buy 或 made a decision to buy 或 made up her mind to buy 或 determined to buy 或 was determined to buy 归纳拓展：“决定/决心做某事
31、”的表达法： decide on doing sth. make a decision to do sth. decide to do sth. make up ones mind to do sth. determine to do sth. be determined to do sth. 第二版块第二版块|重点句型剖析重点句型剖析 (教材P14)These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.如果放任不管这些 坏习惯，青少年成年后可能会面临更严重的问题
32、。 状语从句的省略 (1)当从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有 be动词时，可省略从句中的主语和be动词。when，while，as， if，unless，until, even if/even though, as if, once, though, although 等引导的状语从句用省略。 When (the water is) heated, the water will change into vapour. 水被加热时会变成蒸汽。 Even if (I am) invited, I wont go to his birthday party. 即使被邀请了，我也不去参加
33、他的生日聚会。 (2)当从句的主语是it，从句的谓语中又含有be动词时，可 以把从句中的it和be动词一起省略。 If (it is) convenient for you, you can come to my house. 如果方便的话，你可以来我家。 Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary. 除非有必要，否则你最好不要查字典。 即学即练 单句语法填空 The workers carried out the order as _ (tell) Though _ (surprise) to see u
34、s, the professor gave us a warm welcome. Every evening after dinner, if not _ (tire) from work, I will spend some time walking my dog. The doctor said if _ (treat) properly, the boy was likely to be saved. Film has a much shorter history, especially when _ (compare) to such art forms as music and pa
35、inting. told surprised tired treated compared .单词拼写 1As a _ (回报) for good behavior, treat you child to a new toy. 2When he was at college, he was crazy about _ (心 理学) . 3Little children shouldnt drink something containing _ (酒精) 4Everything will go well, so you neednt be so _ (悲 观的) about your futur
36、e. reward psychology alcohol pessimistic 5It was that image of calm and _ (自制力) that appealed to voters. 6She told me that she was often disturbed by some _ (消极的) thoughts. 7The woman _ (检查) the bag carefully, only to find that it contained some papers. 8He argued that the economic recovery had been
37、 _ (促进) by his tough power. discipline negative examined facilitated .单句语法填空 1Youd better not be too strict with her. _ all, she is only four. 2The young couple decided _ the nice island for their holiday. 3She used to be pessimistic _ her life, but now she has changed. 4In this situation, you must
38、manage to inform him straight _. 5The old man went to the hospital to have his body _ (examine) regularly. After on about away examined 6What will the new actor do in _ (respond) to the funny news? 7I will lend her some money in reward _ her timely help. 8Once _ (begin), the project is hard to stop.
39、 9It is a hard job, but at the same time it is a _ (reward) job. 10When I go on a journey, my mother often reminds me _ (repeat) response for begun rewarding repeatedly 11The young man rushed into the castle to rescue the boy _ (dominate) by the group. 12Youd better pay attention to their _ (physics
40、) health as well as their mental health. dominated physical .课文语法填空 With teenagers 1._ ( grow) up, some of them have developed bad habits. These bad habits, if not 2._ (stop), could result in serious problems when they become 3._ (adult), such as tobacco or alcohol abuse. To prevent 4._ (harm) habit
41、s like these from affecting a teenagers life 5._ (be) essential. growing stopped adults harmful is According to modern psychology, to change bad habits, we must first analyse them using the “habit cycle”. We must first find out 6._ the cue is. Then we must replace the old negative routine with somet
42、hing more positive. If successful, we will feel a sense of satisfaction and our bad habit may disappear. Breaking a bad habit is difficult, and 7._ is easy to make excuses and give up. We need 8._ (make) up our minds and show some discipline, and make small changes over a period of time. There is no “magic pill” to help us, but the changes will ensure we have 9._ happy and healthy life full 10._ good habits ! what it to make a of
