1、现在完成时（Present perfect tense） 定义 结构 时间标志 单击此处添加标题 定义/内涵： 1. 过去开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 She has been ill since she left home / last year. I have worked here over the past 5 years. 2. 动作过去发生（已结束），对现在产生影响。 I have seen this film. (知道其内容/情节) Who has taken away my pen? I cant find it. 3. 过去一段时间内某动作发生的次数。 She has
2、visited Beijing many times. (多次) They have never read this book before. （0次） 现在完成时的构成 have/has+ V p.p. 过去分词的构成： 规则变化和不规则变化规则变化和不规则变化 规则变化：规则变化： 1. work-worked-worked 2. live-lived-lived 3.study-studied-studied 4.stop-stopped-stopped 1.一般情况下，动词词尾加一般情况下，动词词尾加-ed 2.以不发音的以不发音的-e结尾的动词，动词词尾加结尾的动词，动词词尾加-d
3、3.以辅音字母以辅音字母+y 结尾的动词，把结尾的动词，把y 改为改为i 再加再加- ed 4.重读闭音节的动词，双写该辅音字母，再加重读闭音节的动词，双写该辅音字母，再加 -ed. 基本句型结构 1. 肯定句 主语+have / has + p.p. +. 2. 否定句 主语+havent / hasnt + p.p. +. 3. 一般问句 - Have/Has + 主语 + p.p. ? -Yes, 主语+ have / has. -No, 主语+ havent / hasnt. 4. 特殊问句 疑问词/短语 + have/has + 主语 + p.p. ? 常用于现在完成时的时间表达常用
4、于现在完成时的时间表达 1、already 肯定肯定已经已经 句中句中 (have/has already+v.p.p.) e. g. He has already eaten his breakfast. 2、yet 一般问句一般问句已经；否定句已经；否定句还还 句末句末 拓展：拓展：He has already eaten his breakfast.(改为一般疑问句）改为一般疑问句） 3、just 肯定句肯定句-刚刚刚刚 句中句中 (have/has just+v.p.p.) 辨析：辨析：just与与just now just:刚刚，用于现在完成时刚刚，用于现在完成时 just now:
5、 刚才，用于一般过去时刚才，用于一般过去时 4、recently 最近，近来最近，近来 句首或句末句首或句末 5、ever 曾经曾经 否定否定/疑问疑问/修饰性小句子修饰性小句子 句中句中 e.g.This is the best book I have ever ever read never 从不，从未从不，从未 句中句中 6、all ones life 某人的一生某人的一生(还活着；若死亡则用过去时还活着；若死亡则用过去时) so far / up to now 截至目前截至目前/直到现在直到现在 over/during/in the past/last years 在近在近.年以来年以
6、来 次数次数 many times .many times . 7、for+一段时间一段时间 e.g. I have been a teacher for two years. （很重要！）since 自从自从 (1) since+过去的一个过去的一个时间点时间点 e.g. I have been a teacher since 2012. (2) since +一段时间一段时间+ago e.g. Mr. White has been in Nanjing since 5 years ago (3) since引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句 I have lived here since I
7、 was born. 主句（主句（现在完成时现在完成时）+since 从句（从句（一般过去时一般过去时） （4） It is 4 years since Millie graduated from the college. It is +一段时间一段时间+since+从句从句 （一般过去时一般过去时） 拓展：拓展：for和和since同义句转换同义句转换 for+一段时间一段时间=since+一段时间一段时间+ago E.g. Mr Chen has been married for 45 years. Mr Chen has been married _ _ _ _. 注意 1、不管是sin
8、ce 还是 for表示的都是段时间， 所以对划线部分提问都用_。 2、since (自从)前面用_，后面用 _。 He_ (live) in Huaian since he _(be) born. 3、how long 提问的句子，都要用_动 词。 how long has lived was 延续性延续性/长长 现在完成时 过去时过去时 Since he_ (live) here, he must know sth about it. lives 短暂性动词与延续性动词短暂性动词与延续性动词 短暂性动词（短动词）：不能持续，瞬间即逝的动词。 延续性动词（长动词）：可以延续一段时间的动作。 肯
9、定句、疑问句中出现一段时间要用_动词。 长长 be over have/has been over be on have/has been on be in/at have/has been in/at be away from have/has been away from be in/a member of have/has been in/a member of be+adj have/has been +adj finish/stop/end begin/start arrive/get to /reach/come /go leave join become/get+adj 常见的短
10、暂性动词和延续性动词转换常见的短暂性动词和延续性动词转换 be dead have/has been dead be married have/has been married be closed have/has been closed be open have/has been open die marry close open have a cold have/has had a cold be on fire have/has been on fire have have /has had keep have /has kept catch a cold catch fire buy
11、borrow 写出下列句子的同义句写出下列句子的同义句： 1. He died 10 years ago. He _ _ _for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _ _ the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _ _ the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago. He _ here since three days a
12、go 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light _ _ _ for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. He here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ _ _ for an hour. 9. They closed the window five minutes ago. Th
13、e window _ _ _for five minutes. 10. He joined the Reading Club last year. He the Reading club for a year. He _ the Reading club for a year. It _ a year he joined the Reading Club 11. My father went to Beijing last week. He hasnt come back yet. My father_ _Beijing _about a week. 12. His brother got m
14、arried five years ago. His brother five years ago. 13. She left home last Tuesday. She from home last Tuesday. ( ) 1. -How long _you _this pen ? -Only one day. I bought it yesterday. A. have, bought B. have, had C. did, buy D. have, been ( ) 2. My father knows Hong Kong very well. He_there five time
15、s since he became a manager. A. has gone B. has been to C. has been in D. has been ( ) 3. I must return the book to Lilei. I _ it for two days. A. keep B. have borrowed C. have kept D. have had ( ) 4. My father _here since he _to this school. A. taught, came B. has taught, came C. taught, has come D. has taught, has come ( ) 5. -How long has the film ? - Only 10 minutes. A. begun B. started C. been on D. been in ( ) 6. -How long have you _? - For three days. A. got a headache B. fallen ill C. caught a cold D. had a cough
