1、Unit 1 Heres to our friendship! Unit2 I know that you will be better at maths. I know that you will be better at maths. These roses are to thank three groups of people for the three most important things that I have learnt. I give the white rose to my teachers, who have taught me that there is no su
2、ccess without effort. Im sure that you all have your own memories about the happiness of the last three years, and the people whom you want to thank for it. Read these sentences and think about their structures. This is the film which I saw last night. This is the film whose name is Titanic . The ma
3、n and the woman whom you see in the picture are Jack and Lucy . Here are two pictures that are taken from the film . Jack and Lucy are the hero and the heroine who loved each other very much in the film . which指物，作宾语指物，作宾语 that指物，作主语指物，作主语 whose指人，作定语指人，作定语 whom指人，作宾语指人，作宾语 who指人，作主语指人，作主语 Finger fo
4、od is the food _ which we eat with our fingers A handbag is a small bag _ which women use to carry their things School- leavers are young people _ who are leaving school Complete the sentences using which, that, who or whom. 1 1 A classmate is someone _ who is in the same class as me A friend is som
5、eone _ whom I trust A stranger is someone _ whom I dont know 宾语从句三要素宾语从句三要素 引导词（连接词）引导词（连接词） 语语 序序 时时 态态 三、引导宾语从句的词有：三、引导宾语从句的词有： (1) 连词连词that (在口语中在口语中that常可省略）。如：常可省略）。如： He knows (that) Jim will work hard. 在由在由that引导的宾语从句中，由于连词引导的宾语从句中，由于连词that只起只起 引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因引导功能，无具体意义，不担当任何成份，因 此在口语或非正
6、式的文体中常可省略。然而，此在口语或非正式的文体中常可省略。然而， 大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列大凡规则总有例外的情况，在下列that引导的宾引导的宾 语从句中，语从句中，that则不能省略。则不能省略。 1). 从句的主语是从句的主语是that。如：。如： He says that that is a real kings hat. 他说那是一个真的王冠。他说那是一个真的王冠。 2). that从句中含有主从复合句。如：从句中含有主从复合句。如： Im afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. 3). 主、从句之间有插入语时。如：
7、主、从句之间有插入语时。如： It says here, on this card, that it was used in plays in ancient times. 卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。卡片上写着，它是古代演戏用的。 4). 若出现两个或两上以上的由若出现两个或两上以上的由that引导的宾引导的宾 语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个语从句，且由并列连词连接时，只有第一个 连词连词that可以省略。如：可以省略。如： She said (that) she would come and that she would also bring her son. 她说她要来，还要带
8、她的儿子来。她说她要来，还要带她的儿子来。 that 引导宾语从句，主句用一般现在时，从引导宾语从句，主句用一般现在时，从 句可以使用任意符合句意要求的时态。如：句可以使用任意符合句意要求的时态。如： He says (that) they have returned already 他说他们已经回来了。他说他们已经回来了。 He tells me that he was born in 1985. 他告诉我他生于他告诉我他生于1985年。年。 时态问题时态问题 如果主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时如果主句用一般过去时，从句要用过去时 态的某种形式（一般过去时，过去进行时，态的某种形式（一般过
9、去时，过去进行时， 过去将过去将 来时，过去完成时）。如：来时，过去完成时）。如： He said (that) he bought a new dictionary 他说他买了本新词典。他说他买了本新词典。 I knew they were studying English 我知道他们正在学英语。我知道他们正在学英语。 如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然 现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等等，尽现象、名言、警句、格言、谚语等等，尽 管主句用一般过去时，从句也要用一般现管主句用一般过去时，从句也要用一般现 在时。如：在时。如： Our teacher told
10、 us that light travels faster than sound. 我们老师告诉我们，光比声音传播得快。我们老师告诉我们，光比声音传播得快。 He said that time is life. 他说时间就是生命。他说时间就是生命。 (2) 连接代词连接代词who, whom, which等，如：等，如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? (3) 连接副词连接副词when, where, how, why等。如：等。如： Could you tell me how we can get to the station? (4
11、)由由if和和whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句 . if和和whether引导宾语从句时，作“是引导宾语从句时，作“是 否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别，否”讲，一般情况下，二者没有区别， 可以换用。但可以换用。但if常用于口语中，常用于口语中，whether 比较正式。如：比较正式。如： Millie asked if / whether he liked this sweater. 米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。米莉问他是否喜欢这件羊毛衫。 The fisherman wants to know if / whether it will rain. 渔民想知道天是否会下雨。渔民想知
12、道天是否会下雨。 . if和和whether引导宾语从句时，要注意引导宾语从句时，要注意 宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。宾语从句三要素，即连词、语序和时态。 由于由于if和和whether连接的是一般疑问句，因连接的是一般疑问句，因 此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如：此要注意把从句语序改为陈述句语序。如： Does Mr Zhao live in Room 208? Could you tell me? Could you tell me if / whether Mr Zhao lives in Room 208? 其次要注意时态变化：其次要注意时态变化： 1). 若主句是一般现在
13、时，从句用任何所需时若主句是一般现在时，从句用任何所需时 态。如：态。如： He wants to know if / whether they had a good journey home. 他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。他想知道他们回家旅途是否愉快。 2). 若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去若主句是一般过去时，从句则用跟过去 相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去相关的时态。即一般现在时变为一般过去 时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将时、现在进行时变为过去进行时、一般将 来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过来时为过去将来时、现在完成时态变为过 去完成时。如：去完成时。如： Did th
14、e train leave? She didnt know. She didnt know if / whether the train had left. . if和和whether的区别的区别 二者在下列几种情况下不能换用：二者在下列几种情况下不能换用： 1). 宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用宾语从句置于句首表示强调时，应用 whether，不用，不用if。如：。如： Whether this is true or not, I cant say. 这是否对，我不能说。这是否对，我不能说。 2). 宾语从句与宾语从句与or not直接连用时，应用直接连用时，应用 whether，不能用，
15、不能用if。如：。如： I dont know whether or not he will come tomorrow. 我不知道他明天是否来。我不知道他明天是否来。 3). 与动词不定式连用时，只能用与动词不定式连用时，只能用whether。如：。如： She cant decide whether to go to America. 她不能决定是否去美国。她不能决定是否去美国。 4). 从句作介词宾语时，只能用从句作介词宾语时，只能用whether。如：。如： I worry about whether I hurt her feeling. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。我担心是否伤了她的感
16、情。 5). 宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时，宾语从句的谓语动词是否定形式时， 只能用只能用if，不能用，不能用whether。如：。如： Tom wants to know if he wont come here tomorrow. 汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。汤姆想知道他明天是否不来这儿。 6). if意为“假如，如果”时，可以引意为“假如，如果”时，可以引 导条件状语从句，而导条件状语从句，而whether没有这个没有这个 用法。如：用法。如： If Simon comes here tomorrow, Ill call you. 假如西蒙明天来这儿，我将打电话假如西蒙明天来这儿，我
17、将打电话 告诉你。告诉你。 1. Uncle Wang came up to see _ there was anything wrong with the machine. if / whether 2. I dont know _ to go or stay. 3. _ that is true, what should we do? whether If 4. _ they will ever become future Olympic champions only time will tell. Whether Complete the sentences with if / whet
18、her. 1.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如：宾语从句要用陈述句语序。如： I dont know when will he leave. (误误) I dont know when _ _ leave. (正正) he will 注意事项注意事项 2. He asked who could answer the question. My father told me that the earth _ (go) round the sun. goes 3.I dont think he looks like his father, _? They think he looks like his f
19、ather, _? We suppose Lucy has been to Dalian,_? does he dont they hasnt she Look at the picture and the menu. Discuss the questions. 2 2 How do you know that the party is international? Why are the people cheering? What do you think the person making a speech is saying? I think the party is internat
20、ional because the food is international. Because they are happy about what the speaker is saying. I think the speaker is saying that now the speech is over and it is time to eat! Around the world: Pre-reading: 1. Who organises the dance? 2. What do they do to prepare for the dance? 3. Who will super
21、vise the dance？ Around the world: Junior high school dancers In the US, students often have a school dance to celebrate the end of junior high. There is usually a student committee which organises the dance. They decorate the school gym with balloons, lights and other things so that it looks very ni
22、ce. They plan the music and organise the food. Sometimes the parents help make the food and sometimes it comes from a restaurant. The girls usually wear pretty dresses and the boys wear smart clothes. They eat, dance and sometimes have competitions. The dance is usually supervised by teachers and pa
23、rents. He asked who could answer the question. My father told me that the earth _ (go) round the sun. goes 3.当主句谓语动词是当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等动词等动词 时时,宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外，当宾语从句的否定意义要放到主句中。另外，当 主句主语为第一人称时，后面若接附加疑问句主句主语为第一人称时，后面若接附加疑问句(即即 反意疑问句反意疑问句)，那么附加疑问句应疑问在从句上，那么附加疑问句应疑问在从句上， 其他人称疑问在主句上，如：其
24、他人称疑问在主句上，如： I dont think he looks like his father, _? They think he looks like his father, _? We suppose Lucy has been to Dalian,_? does he dont they hasnt she 4.直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引 语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内，不用连词语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内，不用连词 联接（如联接（如, She said, “Im a student.”）；间接）；间接 引语是用自己的话转述别人的
25、话，通常用连接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，通常用连接 词与主句联接（如词与主句联接（如, She said that she is thirteen）。直接引语的宾语从句可变为间接引）。直接引语的宾语从句可变为间接引 语的宾语从句。语的宾语从句。 (1)陈述句变为以陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，如：引导的宾语从句，如： He said, “Im happy.” He said _ he _happy. that was (2)一般疑问句变为一般疑问句变为if (whether)引导的宾语引导的宾语 从句。如：从句。如： He asked me, “Does his father kno
26、w Mr. Green?” He asked me_ his father _ Mr. Green. if knew 宾语从句与定语从句的区别宾语从句与定语从句的区别 宾语从句宾语从句相当于宾语，只是以一个句子相当于宾语，只是以一个句子 的形式出现；而的形式出现；而定语从句定语从句相当于形容词，相当于形容词， 用来修饰名词或代词。用来修饰名词或代词。 宾语从句宾语从句是做宾语的，一般是在动词或是做宾语的，一般是在动词或 者介词后面；者介词后面；定语从句定语从句放在名词或代词放在名词或代词 的后面。的后面。 中考链接中考链接 ( )1. Excuse me. Could you tell me
27、_ ? It will leave at 4:00 p.m. A. how will you go Shanghai B. how you will go to Shanghai C. when will the bus leave for Shanghai D. when the bus will leave for Shanghai D ( )2. I dont know the girl in red. Could you tell me _? A. what is her name B. how old is she C. who is she D. where she comes f
28、rom D ( )3. Do you know the kid with _ Bob is talking over there? Yes, its my cousin. A. who B. that C. 不填不填 D. whom D ( )4. - Can you tell me _ it is from home to school? - Sure. Its about three kilometers. A. how much B. how long C. how far D. how soon C ( )5. - Do you know the man _ is reading th
29、e book over there? -Yes, hes Mr. Green, our PE teacher. A. which B. what C. whom D. who D ( )6. The people _ helped us build our hometown are from Beijing. A. which B. whom C. who C ( )7.Could you tell me _ the party? Next Friday. A. where we are going to have B. when we are going to have C. when we
30、 were going to have B ( )8. I dont know if she to my birthday party tomorrow. If she , Ill be very happy. A. comes; comes B. will come; comes C. comes; will come B ( )9. Have you finished the book _ you borrowed from the library? A. which B. it C. what A ( )10. Mary, could you tell me if your mother
31、 _ our school sports meeting tomorrow? I think she will come to school if she _ free. A. will take part in; will be B. takes part in; is C. will take part in; is D. takes part in; will be C ( )11. Tom wants to know if you will have a picnic tomorrow. Yes. But if it _, well play chess instead. A. wil
32、l rain B. rained C. is raining D. rains D ( )12.Where did you go last week? I went to Zhang Aipings hometown and visited the house he was born in. A. that B. there C. who D. whose A ( )13.I hear that Lilys brother is a worker here. Look, the man _ is working over there is her brother. A. who B. whom
33、 C. what D. which A ( )14. Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? I dont mind _. It will be OK if there is sun, sea and beach. A. where do we go B. where we go C. when we go B ( ) 15. Steve Jobs is one of the persons _ founded Apple Computer Company. His death marked the end of an era (时代时代)
34、. A. who B. whom C. which D. / A ( ) 16. What are you looking for? Im looking for the pen _ my father gave me last week. A. who B. which C. whose D. whom B ( ) 17. Please pass me the cartoon book _ has a Mickey Mouse on the cover. A. whom B. whose C. who D. which ( ) 18. “What do you think of the sc
35、hool uniforms?” “Very good. I like clothes _ make me feel comfortable.” A. that B. what C. who A D ( ) 19.I wonder _ at 8:00 last night? I was watching NBA. A. what were you doing B. what did you do C. what you were doing D. what are you doing C ( ) 20. I dont remember_ the book yesterday. A. where
36、I put B. where did I put C. where will I put D. where l will put A ( ) 21. Excuse me, Could you tell _? Yes. Go along this street and you will find it on your left. A. where is the museum B. which is the way to the museum C. how far is the museum D. how can I get to the museum B ( ) 22. Could you te
37、ll me _ a meeting in Guangzhou next week? (2013梅州梅州) A. if there was going to be B. if there is going to be C. whether is there going to be D. whether there is going to have B ( ) 23. Our physics teacher told us light _ faster than sound. A. travels B. traveled C. traveling D. to travel A ( ) 24. I
38、dont know _. Because he has to look after his mother. A. why he is leaving B. why is he leaving C. whether he is leaving D. whether is he leaving A ( ) 25. If you cant find the place, I will show you _. A. what it is B. what it was C. where it is D. where it was ( ) 26.The woman asked the policeman
39、where _. A. the post office is B. was the post office C. is the post office D. the post office was D C ( ) 27. “Underground” is the only word in the English language _ begins and ends with the letters “und”. A. what B. that C. who D. whom ( ) 28. What are you looking for? Im looking for the CD and E
40、XO _ I bought yesterday. A. that B. who C. whose D. when B A 单项选择单项选择 1. I like music _ great lyrics. A. that have B. that has C. who have D. who has 2. They are talking about things and persons _ they saw there a few days ago. A. who B. which C. that D. what B C 3. This is the highest building _ Iv
41、e ever seen. A. which B. that C. what D. where 4. I really didnt know anything _ happened to Jim yesterday. A. which B. whose C. when D. that B D 5. - Who is the man _ is standing over there? - Oh, he is my math teacher. A. who B. whom C. that D. which 6. The building _ is over one hundred years old is very famous here. A. which B. what C. when D. where C A
