1、介词和介词短语 命题点一 介词的基本用法 考向 1 时间介词 介词 用法 举例 in 较长一段时间中（如世纪、年代、 季节、月份等） in the 21st century in 2017;in summer in July 泛指在上午、下午、傍晚、日间等 固定短语中 in the evening in the end on 表示具体某日或某日的上午、下 午、晚上 on Mondays; on September 1st on a cold morning at 表示具体时间点 at half past ten;at noon for for+时间段，表示动作延续贯穿整 个过程，谓语动词需用延
2、续性动词 for a long time for two days by By+时间点，表示最迟在某一时刻 或某一日期之前。若 by+过去的时 间点，句子谓语动词要用过去完成 时 by next Monday by this afternoon 2.其他时间介词的用法 介词 用法 例句 after 与将来时连用表示“在之 后” ，后接时间点 After class,I play ping-pong with my classmates. 与过去时连用表示“在之 后”,后接时间段 They finished the project after three years. before 表示“在之前
3、” Wash hands before meals. until/till “直到”,用于否定句中， 谓语动词为非延续性动词 I didnt leave until he appeared/showed up. since “自以后，自以来” ，表 示从过去某事直至现在，主 句常用完成时 I have studied in the school since I was six years old. from 表示“时间的起点” ，可译 为 “ 从 ” , 多 用 于 “fromto/till”中 You can come anytime from Monday to Friday. durin
4、g 表示“在期间” I went to Dalian during the summer. through 表示“一直，自始至终” They worked hard through the winter. 考向 2 方位介词 介词 用法 示例 On 表示“在(的表面)上” On the desk;on the wall 表示 A 地位于 B 地的外面且接壤 Human Province lies on the west of Jiangxi Province. at 表示“在（小地方） ”或“在附近， 旁边” at the door;at the airport at the station；
5、 at Park Street in 表示“在（大地方） ”或“在范围 之内” in China ; in the north 表示 A 地属于 B 地 Taiwan lies in the southeast of China. to 表示“到” This road leads to London. 表示“在范围之外” ，即 A、B 两 地不接壤 Japan lies to the east of China. 2.over,under,above 与 below 介词 用法 示例 over 在正上方， 表示两者不接触 We can build a bridge over the river
6、. under 在正下方， 表示两者不接触 My cat is lying under the chair. above 在上方，表示两者不接触， 不一定垂直 The plane is flying above the clouds. below 在下方，表示两者不接触， 不一定垂直 The coat reaches below the knees. 3. across ,through 与 over 介词 用法 示例 across 表示“穿过”物体表面，或“横过” walk across the street through 表示在物体里面 “穿过” 或 “纵穿过” go through t
7、he gate over 表示在物体上方“穿过” jump over the fence 4.其他常见的方位介词 介词 用法 示例 near 在附近 My home is near the school. beside 在旁边 The bookstore is beside the bank. inside 在里面 Then they heard an old womans voice from inside the house. outside 在外面 Ben could hear strong winds outside his home in Alabama. behind 在后面 Li
8、 lei is behind the door. along 沿着 go along the street toward(s) 朝；向 He saw a sheep coming towards him. into 到里面；进 入；朝；对着 Youre not supposed to stick your chopsticks into the food. 考向 3 方式介词 介词 用法 示例 with 用具体的东西， 后接表示工具或身体部 位的词 with the knife with your hands on 通过，用，后接通讯工具或电子产品 on the radio;on TV by
9、用手段或方式，后接动名词 by reading aloud by listening to music in 用语言、声音、原材料等 in English in a low voice 考向 4 其他常见介词 介词 用法 示例 with 有，具有 Do you have any money with you? 和在一起；和；同 I enjoy playing chess with my dad. 随着；由于；表伴随 With his growth,he understands his parents better and better. without 没有；缺乏； 表示否定 Chinese
10、under 18 are not allowed to watch this show without their parents. 2.against 与 for 介词 用法 示例 against 反对，违背，反义 词为 for Im sorry that he is against your ideas. 倚，靠 Put the piano there,against the door. for 为,对于,表示 目的，对象 What did you go there for? 赞成，常与系动词 be 连用 I think youll be for my opinion. 3.between
11、 与 among 介词 用法 示例 between 在 （两者） 之间； 介于之间 She sits between her father and her mother. among 在之中 （三者或 三者以上） Its easy to find my brother among the students because he is the tallest one. 4.其他常见介词 介词 含义 示例 about 关于，大约 a book about flowers around 在周围，环绕着 The earth moves around the sun. as 作为，当作 You can use that glass as a vase. 像，如同 He speak English as an Englishman. like 像，跟一样 She was like a princess in a fairy tale. off 离开；脱落；走开 Keep off the grass. past 经过；越过；晚于 Will you go past my home
