1、阅读理解技巧指导 推理判断题、主旨大意题 解题策略推理判断题 推理判断：从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。推理判断：从已知的事情中推测未知的事情。 要求：领悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者要求：领悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者 意愿的结论，推出合理的结论。意愿的结论，推出合理的结论。 推理判断题设题方式常常包括以下类型：推理判断题设题方式常常包括以下类型： 1) It can be inferred from the text that _. 2) From the text we know that _. 3) The story implies that _. 4) The paragraph
2、following the passage will most probably be _. 5) The writers attitude toward.is _. 6)The author implied（suggested）that . 7)It may be concluded from the passage that . 8)Which of the following statements does the passage support？ 9)With which of the following does the author agree？ 针对某个细节进行推断？针对某个细节
3、进行推断？ 还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进 行推断？行推断？ 解题策略点拨 解题策略点拨 正确选项设置特征：正确选项设置特征： 1 1、符合原文主旨，含义深符合原文主旨，含义深刻。刻。 2 2、不包含绝对化的词。不包含绝对化的词。 3 3、来源于原文又高于原文。来源于原文又高于原文。 4 4、逻辑的推理、得出的结逻辑的推理、得出的结 论符合作者意愿。论符合作者意愿。 干扰选项设置特征：干扰选项设置特征： 1 1、只是重复文中的只是重复文中的 某个细节。某个细节。 2 2、包含绝对化的词包含绝对化的词 语。语。 3 3、和原文毫无关系。和原文毫无关系。 4 4、在文
4、中找不到相在文中找不到相 关的信息而推出的结关的信息而推出的结 论。论。 5 5、态度和观点与文态度和观点与文 章相矛盾。章相矛盾。 6 6、文中直接说明的文中直接说明的 内容。内容。 “And she has had fresh flowers in her hands for the last 150 years.” Karen Biery lives in Damascus, about five miles west of Hope Cemetery. Shes written a book based on the legend of Goldie Belle Taylor titl
5、ed Believe. In 1886, at the age of two, young Goldie Belle used her hands to sop up (抹去抹去) the left over elderberry juice from her fathers iron kettle. She died not long after from poisoning. She was the love of her dads life, and he was so upset that he sold the family farm to buy the Italian made
6、statue, which today marks her grave. 1. It can be inferred from the third paragraph _. A. her father was poisonous B. the iron kettle was poisonous C. elderberry juice was poisonous D. it was her father that hated her 【答案答案】C C 【解析解析】考查推理判断。考查推理判断。 根据文中根据文中young Goldie Belle used her hands to sop up
7、 (抹去抹去) the left over elderberry juice from her fathers iron kettle. She died not long after from poisoning. 可知，小女孩用手抹去了父亲铁壶里溢出的残留物后可知，小女孩用手抹去了父亲铁壶里溢出的残留物后 中毒死去。故可推知“接骨木汁”有毒。中毒死去。故可推知“接骨木汁”有毒。 Sample 1 In this age of Internet chat, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless
8、activities to keep a child occupied. Yet despite the competition, my 8-year-old daughter Rebecca wants to spend her leisure time writing short stories. She wants to enter one of her stories into a writing contest, a competition which she won last year. 1. What do we learn from the first paragraph? A
9、. A lot of amusements compete for childrens time nowadays. B. Children have lots of fun doing mindless activities. C. Rebecca is much too busy to enjoy her leisure time. D. Rebecca draws on a lot of online materials for her writing. 【答案答案】A A 【解析解析】考查推理判断。考查推理判断。 根据文中根据文中的的In this age of Internet ch
10、at, videogames and reality television, there is no shortage of mindless activities to keep a child occupied.可知可知这个时代充斥着网络聊天、电子游戏和电视真人秀，不缺少让一这个时代充斥着网络聊天、电子游戏和电视真人秀，不缺少让一 个孩子有得忙的没意思的活动，故推出如今很多的娱乐活动抢占孩子们的时间。个孩子有得忙的没意思的活动，故推出如今很多的娱乐活动抢占孩子们的时间。 Sample 2 A revelation (启示启示) came last week when I asked her
11、, “Dont you want to win again?” “No,” she replied, “I just want to tell the story of an angel going to first grade.” I had just spent weeks correcting her stories as she spontaneously (自发地自发地) told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall,
12、 I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “guided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even real
13、izing it. 2. Why did Rebecca want to enter this years writing contest? A. She believed she possessed real talent for writing. B. She was sure of winning with her mothers help. C. She wanted to share her stories with readers. D. She had won a prize in the previous contest. I had just spent weeks corr
14、ecting her stories as she spontaneously (自发地自发地) told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales. The story about a fearful angel starting first grade was quickly “gu
15、ided” by me into the tale of a little girl with a wild imagination taking her first music lesson. I had turned her contest into my contest without even realizing it. 3. The author took great pains to improve her daughters stories because _. A . she wanted to help Rebecca realize her dreams of becomi
16、ng a writer B. she was afraid Rebeccas imagination might run wild while writing C. she did not want to disappoint Rebecca who needed her help so much D. she believed she had the knowledge and experience to offer guidance 【答案答案】D D 【解析解析】考查推理判断。考查推理判断。 根据文中根据文中的的I had just spent weeks correcting her
17、stories as she spontaneously (自发地自发地) told them. Telling myself that I was merely an experienced writer guiding the young writer across the hall, I offered suggestions for characters, conflicts and endings for her tales.可知可知D D正确。正确。 解题策略主旨大意题 主旨大意题要求学生掌握所读材料的主主旨大意题要求学生掌握所读材料的主 旨和大意，它的范围是：基本论点旨和大意，它
18、的范围是：基本论点 （argumentargument）、文章标题）、文章标题(title)(title)、主题、主题 (topic)(topic)、大意、大意(general idea)(general idea)或段落大意或段落大意 (main idea of paragraph)(main idea of paragraph)等。它要求学生等。它要求学生 在理解全文的基础上对文章进行高度的概括在理解全文的基础上对文章进行高度的概括 和总结。和总结。 主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种：主旨大意题的提问方式有以下几种： 1）The general/main idea of the passag
19、e is about _ 2）Which of the following best states the theme of the passage？ 3）In this passage the author discusses primarily _ 4）The passage is mostly about _ 5）The passage is mainly concerned about _ 6）What is the main topic of the passage？ 7）What is the best title for the passage？ 8）The subject di
20、scussed in this text is _ 9）The authors main purpose in writing the passage is to 10）The passage is meant to . 11）The purpose of this article is to 1 1、寻找主题句，从而抓住文章的中心思想。、寻找主题句，从而抓住文章的中心思想。 解题策略点拨 如何寻找主题句 Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless t
21、hey have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fri
22、es and a soft drink. （1 1）主题句在段首）主题句在段首 一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头，其后的句子则是论证性细 节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。节。在论说文，科技文献和新闻报道中多采用这种格式。 Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democ
23、ratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. （2 2）主题句也会出现在段尾。）主题句也会出现在段尾。 作者先摆出事实依据作者先摆出事实依据, , 层层推理论证层层推理论证, , 最后自然最后自然 得出结论得出结论, , 即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句即段落的主题。本段的中心思想在结尾句 得到体现得到体现, ,它是此段内容的结论。它是此段内容的结论。 Sample 3 Nothing is as useful a
24、s a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand . A camper also needs one after the
25、 light of the campfire has been out. （3 3）在短文中间）在短文中间 当主题句被安排在段中间时当主题句被安排在段中间时, , 通常前面只提出问题，通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题文中的主题 由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, , 而后又作进一步而后又作进一步 的解释的解释, , 支撑或发展。支撑或发展。 2 2、 概括全文寻找文章的中心思想。概括全文寻找文章的中心思想。 解题策略点拨 After moving to the United States, immigrant groups trying to
26、 fit in tend to choose high calorie fatty foods in an attempt to appear more American, a new study finds. Thats one reason why immigrants approach US levels of obesity within 15 years of moving to America. 1. The author wants to show that . A. more and more Asians enjoy high-calorie snacks B. immigr
27、ants tend to eat American junk food to fit in C. most Americans are at the risk of heart disease D. all the American people have a bad eating habit 【答案答案】B B 【解析解析】考查作者意图题。考查作者意图题。 本段节选自一篇研究报道的第一段，是文章的中心本段节选自一篇研究报道的第一段，是文章的中心 段，根据其内容可知作者意在说明移民倾向于食用高能量食物以便融入美国社段，根据其内容可知作者意在说明移民倾向于食用高能量食物以便融入美国社 会。会。
28、Sample 1 Have you ever wished that you could make your little sisters teddy bear talk to her? Or have you ever wanted to bring a puppet (木偶木偶) to life? If so, you may be interested in learning the art of ventriloquism (腹语术腹语术). A ventriloquist can make an ordinary object seem to be alive by giving i
29、t a personality, movement, and speech. Ventriloquism is fun. It also requires hard work to become good at it. The most important thing to do is practice. But if you are willing to take the time to give your friend an interesting personality, to practice lively movements, and to work on good mouth co
30、ntrol, then you will be well on your way to becoming a ventriloquist! 1. What would be the best title for the text? A. How to tell jokes B. How to make puppets C. Secrets of ventriloquism D. Tips on making friends 【答案答案】C C 【解析解析】考查文章标题。考查文章标题。 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是腹语以及练习本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是腹语以及练习 腹语的基本要领和
31、过程，如果想练好腹语就要下功夫练习。腹语的基本要领和过程，如果想练好腹语就要下功夫练习。 1 1以偏概全以偏概全 2 2断章取义断章取义 3 3主题扩大主题扩大 干扰项特点 1 1“精精” 2 2“准准” 3 3“全全” 4 4“新新” 标题选择遵循四字原则 巩固练习 A 1. From the text we learn that_. A. by 1930 Olivetti produced 13,000 typewriters a year B. Olivetti earned more in the 1960s than in the 1950s C. some of Olivettis
32、 700 staff regularly visited customers in Italy D. Olivetti set up offices in other countries from the very beginning 【答案答案】A A 【解析解析】考查细节理解。考查细节理解。根据文中第二段第一句：根据文中第二段第一句：By 1930 there was a staff of 700 and the company turned out 13,000 machines a year. .可知。可知。 2. What was probably the direct result
33、 of Olivettis falling behind in electronic technology? A. Adrianos death. B. A period of financial problem C. Its faster progress. D. Its agreements with other companies 【答案答案】B B 【解析解析】考查细节理解。考查细节理解。根据文中第根据文中第四四段第一句：段第一句：After Adriano died in 1960, the company had a period of financial problems. 可知
34、。可知。 4. The best title for the text would be_. A. The Origin of Olivetti B. The Success of Olivetti C. The History of Olivetti D. The Production of Olivetti 3. What do we know about Olivetti ? A. It produced the best typewriter in the word. B. It designed the worlds first mainframe computer. C. It e
35、xported more typewriters than other computers. D. It has five independent companies with its head office in Ivrea. 【答案答案】D D 【解析解析】考查细节理解。考查细节理解。根据文中第根据文中第一一段段中：中：Today the companys head office is still in Ivrea和第五段中：和第五段中： There are now five independent companies in the Olivetti group 可知。可知。 【答案答案】
36、C C 【解析解析】考查主旨大意。考查主旨大意。通过阅读通过阅读全全文，可知，本文介绍了文，可知，本文介绍了OlivettiOlivetti公司的发公司的发 展历史。展历史。 巩固练习 B 2. Alice Pyne wrote her “Bucket List” to . A. catch peoples attention B. say goodbye to a few friends C. give comfort to two terminally ill men D. express her last few wishes 1. What happened after Alice P
37、yne wrote her“Bucket List”? A. People around the world sent messages to support her. B. People sent gifts to her from all over the world. C. A lot of people offered to donate bone marrow to her. D. The media called on people to help her. 【答案答案】A A 【解析解析】考查细节理解。考查细节理解。根据文中根据文中倒数倒数第第三三段段中：中：Messages o
38、f support and offers of help quickly flooded her webpage and it became one of the most talked about subjects on Twitter.可知帖子发布后，收到了世界各地的支持他的信息。可知帖子发布后，收到了世界各地的支持他的信息。 【答案答案】D D 【解析解析】考查细节理解。考查细节理解。根据文中第根据文中第一一段段中：中：after writing an online “Bucket List” of things she wanted to do before dying.可知可知 “B
39、ucket List”表达的就是他最表达的就是他最 后的愿望。后的愿望。 4. Which of the following is NOT on Alice Pynes “Bucket List”? A. To ask people to donate bone marrow. B. To get a cool computer. C. To swim with shark. D. To meet a boy. 3. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that AIice Pyne . A. is unaware of her own c
40、onditions B. is very sad to know that she will die C. is calm to know that death is approaching D. is still quite confident in fighting against cancer 【答案答案】C C 【解析解析】考查推理判断。考查推理判断。根据根据本本段段中：中：I know that the cancer is gaining on me and it doesnt look like Im going to win this one.可推断出她对自己的病情和结可推断出她
41、对自己的病情和结 果进行了平静的叙述，故果进行了平静的叙述，故C C项符合语境。项符合语境。 【答案答案】D D 【解析解析】考查细节判断。考查细节判断。第四段介绍了第四段介绍了“Bucket List”“Bucket List”所有的内容，前三项所有的内容，前三项 都在里面，但是里面的都在里面，但是里面的Take That Take That 是个是个boy bandboy band，不是想见某一个男孩。所以，不是想见某一个男孩。所以 排除排除D D项。项。 5. Take That will arrange to . A. meet Pyne in person B. help Pyne
42、in any possible way C. donate money to Pyne D. invite Pyne to join the band 【答案答案】A A 【解析解析】考查细节理解。考查细节理解。根据文中根据文中最后一最后一段段中：中： revealed(透露透露 )the management of Take That had arranged for her to see the band after reading her blog.可知她想见的那家乐队已经安排亲自见她了。可知她想见的那家乐队已经安排亲自见她了。 巩固练习 C 1The initial aim of st
43、arting the Childrens Development Khazana is to _ Aprovide for jobs for homeless children Bhelp homeless families with emergencies Csponsor homeless children to go to school Dsafeguard homeless childrens hard-earned money 2What does the underlined part The idea has caught on like wildfire （in Paragra
44、ph 2） probably mean? AThe idea has become very popular BThe bank has been very successful CThe bank has absorbs large deposits DMore street children depend on the bank 【答案答案】A A 【解析解析】考查句意推测。考查句意推测。根据文中第根据文中第三三段段中：中：Today, Khazana has 12 branches all across New Delhi, with a total of Rupees 12lakh （
45、about 22000USD） in depositsNot only that, there are now 77 affiliated branches可知可知 。 【答案答案】D D 【解析解析】考查细节理解。考查细节理解。根据文中第根据文中第二二段段中：中：to help the street children protect their hard-earned money from thieves可知可知 。 3The Childrens Development Khazana is different from regular banks in that_ Aall its wor
46、kers are street children Bit pays its customers no interest Ccustomers can be made its managers Dit opens in the evening six months a year 4According to the passage, the Childrens Development Khazana _ Awelcomes all money, however small it is Boffers more and better service than before Cis run by a
47、14-year-old boy, Karan alone Dhas more than 70 branches across India 【答案答案】C C 【解析解析】考查细节理解。考查细节理解。根据文中第根据文中第四四段段中：中： two volunteer managers are elected from the client base every six months可知可知 。 【答案答案】B B 【解析解析】考查推理判断。考查推理判断。根据根据最后一最后一段段中：中：is today a well-developed bank, one where kids can not on
48、ly deposit money which earns them 5% interest, but also, to pay for school可推断出可推断出B B项符合语境。项符合语境。 巩固练习 D 1. The author wrote this article to _. A. announce the result of a research on spiders B. introduce the ways to get rid of the spiders C. report a new finding of the widow species D. warn readers
49、 against the brown widow 2. From the passage we can conclude that _. A. brown widows are possibly spreading northward B. brown widows originated from Africa C. brown widows now can be found in all countries D. there used to be no brown widows in North America 【答案答案】D D 【解析解析】考查作者意图。考查作者意图。文章从这种蜘蛛的渊源谈起，预测了它的蔓延范围，文章从这种蜘蛛的渊源谈起，预测了它的蔓延范围， 进而介绍了它的生活习性、危害以及控制方法，所以作者意在警告读者当心这进而介绍了它的生活习性、危害以及控制方法，所以作者意在警告读者当心这 种蜘蛛。种蜘蛛。 【答案答案】A A 【解析解析】考查细节理解。考查细节理解。根据文中第根据文中第一一段段中：中： The brown widow spider is cont
