1、UNIT 1 ART 预习新知早知道预习新知早知道 .匹配词义 a匹配下列单词词义 ( )1.precise Avt.购买；采购 ( )2.breakthrough Bn.名誉；名声 ( )3.reputation Cadj.准确的；精确的 ( )4.purchase Dn.重大进展；突破 ( )5.subjective Eadj.主观的 答案 15 CDBAE b匹配下列短语词义 ( )1.set apart from A关注；聚焦于 ( )2.in particular B喜爱；喜欢 ( )3.as a result C尤其；特别 ( )4.focus on D 使与众不同； 使突出； 使
2、优于 ( )5.be fond of E结果 答案 15 DCEAB .默写单词 1 adj. 现实的；逼真的 2 n. 维；规模；范围 3 adj. 有很大影响力的；有支配力的 4 adj. 崇高的；宏伟的；高贵的 n. 贵族成员；出身高贵的人 realistic dimension influential noble 5 n. 地位；级别；行列 vt.&vi. 把分等级；使排成行 6 n. 日出 7 adj. 外表的；外边的；外围的 8 adj. 随后的；后来的；之后的 9 n. 雕像；雕刻品；雕刻术 10 adj. 视觉的；视力的 rank sunrise outer subsequen
3、t sculpture visual .选词填空 precise； subsequent； subjective； primitive； convey； breakthrough； mythology；purchase；reputation；photography 1Everyones opinion is bound to be 2His tone his real feelings more truly than his words. 3In Greek ，Zeus was the ruler of Gods and men. subjective conveyed mythology 4
4、If you are not satisfied with your we will give you a full refund. 5She soon acquired a as a first- class cook. 6Scientists have made a in their treatment of that disease. 7Can you give a more definition of the word? breakthrough purchase reputation precise 8 man hunted wild animals with crude stone
5、 implements. 9Developments on this issue will be dealt with in a report. 10Did you see the film about Antarctica? The was superb! photography Primitive subsequent .语法填空之派生词 1It is not (realism) to expect people to spend so much money. 2Religious values can often differ greatly from (humanity) morals
6、. 3She is one of the most (influence) figures in local politics. 4The (emerge) of the new idea encouraged us. emergence realistic humanistic influential 5Exploring (out) space is a challenge to mankind. 6He studied (sculptor) because he enjoyed working with clay. sculpture outer 1As there have been
7、so many different styles of Western art， it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. ， 不可能用一个简短的文稿来描述 它们。 由于西方艺术的风格千差万别 2 While his paintings still had religious themes， they showed real people in a real environment. ， 但它们展示了真实环境中的真实人 物。 3With their deep colours and realism，some of the be
8、st oil paintings look like photographs. ，一些最好的油画看起来像照片。 有着深沉的色彩和写实 虽然他的画仍然有宗教主题 4After that，paintings were no longer needed to preserve what people and the world looked like. 在那之后，不再需要绘画来保存 。 5What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question， “What is art？” ， 而是提出
9、一个问题： “什么是艺 术？” 他们试图做的不再是展示现实 人类和世界的面貌 名师圈点 precise adj.准确的；精确的 definition n定义 Christianity 基督教 realistic adj.现实的；逼真的 scene n场景；场面 work n著作 primitive adj.发展水平低的；原始的；远古的 twodimensional adj.二维的 character n人物；角色 Giotto di Bondone 乔托 迪 邦多纳(12671337)，意大利画家、 雕塑家与建筑师， 被认定为是意大利文艺复兴时期的开创者， 被誉为 “欧洲绘画之父”。 in p
10、articular 特别；尤其 set apart from 使与众不同；使突出；使优于 impact n影响 replace v代替；取代 as a result 结果 concentrate on 集中于 adopt vt.采用，采纳；收养 humanistic adj.人文主义的 breakthrough n突破；重大进展 perspective n透视法 21influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的 22innovation n创新 23realism n现实主义 24photograph n照片 photography n照相术；摄影 25as early as 早
11、在 26height n高；高度 27reputation n名誉；名声 28shadow n影；阴影 29emphasis n重点 30shift vt.转移；挪动 31noble n贵族成员；出身高贵的人 32purchase vt.购买；采购 33accurate adj.精确的；准确的 34historical adj.历史的 35mythology n神话；虚幻的想法 36client n委托人；当事人；客户 37no longer 不再 38preserve v保存；保留 39emerge vi.&vt.出现；浮现；暴露 40convey vt.表达；传递；传送 41subject
12、ive adj.主观的 42detailed adj.详细的；详尽的 43focus on 注意；集中于；聚焦于 44black- and- white photograph 黑白照片 45seek v寻找；寻求 46outer adj.外边的；外围的 47subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的 48analyse v分析 49exist v存在 50Cubism n立体主义 51quality n质量；品质 原文呈现 A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING What is Western art? It is hard to give a pre
13、cise definition.As there have been so many different styles of Western art， it is impossible to describe them all in a short text. Perhaps the best way to understand Western art is to look at the development of Western painting over the centuries. The Middle Ages(from the 5th to the 15th century) Du
14、ring the Middle Ages，the purpose of Western art was to teach people about Christianity . Thus，artists were not interested in painting realistic scenes . Their works were often primitive and two- dimensional ，and the main characters were often made much larger than everyone else to show their importa
15、nce. This began to change in the 13th century with Giotto di Bondone (12671337) . While his paintings still had religious themes，they showed real people in a real environment.1 In particular， his paintings are set apart from other paintings by their realistic human faces and deep emotional impact. 1
16、while 引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。 The Renaissance(from the 14th to the 17th century) New ideas and values gradually replaced old ones from the Middle Ages. As a result，painters concentrated less on religious themes. They began to adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. An important breakthrough during this p
17、eriod was the use of perspective by Masaccio(1401 1428). Influential 21 painters such as Leonardo da Vinci(14521519)，Michelangelo(14751564)，and Raphael(14831520) built upon Giotto and Masaccios innovations 22 to produce some of the greatest art that Europe had ever seen. Another innovation was the u
18、se of oil paints. With their deep colours and realism 23 ，some of the best oil paintings look like photographs 24 . While painters as early as 25 Da Vinci had used oil，this technique reached its height 26 with Rembrandt(16061669)，who gained a reputation 27 as a master of shadow 28 and light. In subj
19、ect matter，the emphasis 29 increasingly shifted 30 from religious themes to people and the world around us. Kings， nobles 31 ， and people of high rank wanted to purchase 32 accurate 33 pictures of themselves and the people they loved. Others wanted paintings showing important historical 34 events or
20、 stories from mythology 35 . Finally，most clients 36 wanted paintings that were beautiful and interesting to look at. Impressionism(late 19th to early 20th century) The development of Western art slowed until the invention of photography in the mid19th century. After that，paintings were no longer 37
21、 needed to preserve 38 what people and the world looked like.2 Hence，painters had to find a new way of looking at their art. From this， Impressionism emerged 39 in France. The name of this new movement came from the painting by Claude Monet(1840 1926) called Impression， Sunrise. In this work， Monets
22、 aim was to convey 40 the light and movement in the scenethe subjective 41 impression the scene gave himbut not a detailed 42 record of the scene itself. 2what 引导宾语从句，作 preserve 的宾语。 While many Impressionists painted scenes of nature or daily life， others，such as Renoir (18411919)，focused on 43 peop
23、le. Unlike the cold，black- and- white photographs 44 of that time period，Renoirs paintings are full of light， shadow， colour， and life. He sought 45 to show not just the outer 46 image of his subjects，but their inner warmth and humanity as well. Modern Art(from the 20th century to today) After Impre
24、ssionism，subsequent 47 artists began to ask， “What do we do next？” Painters such as Picasso (18811973) tried to analyse 48 the shapes which existed 49 in the natural world but in a new way，with Cubism 50 . Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream- like quality 51 . Still others turned to ab
25、stract art. What they attempted to do was no longer show reality，but instead to ask the question， “What is art？” 译文参考 西方绘画简史 什么是西方艺术？很难给出准确的定义。 由于西方艺术的风格千 差万别， 不可能用一个简短的文稿来描述它们。 也许了解西方艺术的 最好方法就是观察西方绘画在几个世纪里的发展。 中世纪(从 5 世纪到 15 世纪) 在中世纪， 西方艺术的目的是教给人们有关基督教的知识。 因此， 艺术家对写实的场景并不感兴趣。他们的作品通常较为粗糙且二维 化， 主体人物往
26、往被塑造得比其他人都大得多， 以显示他们的重要性。 13 世纪，随着乔托 迪 邦多纳(12671337)的出现，这种情况开始发 生变化。 虽然他的画仍然有宗教主题， 但它们展示了真实环境中的真 实人物。 尤其是他的绘画作品， 更是以其逼真的人物面貌和深刻的情 感冲击而从其他绘画作品中脱颖而出。 文艺复兴时期(从 14 世纪到 17 世纪) 新观念和价值观逐渐取代了中世纪的旧观念和价值观。 因此， 画 家对宗教题材的关注较少。 他们开始对生活采取更加人道的态度。 这 一时期的一个重要突破是马萨乔(14011428)使用透视法。一些颇具 影响力的画家，例如莱昂纳多 达 芬奇(14521519)、米
27、开朗基罗 (14751564)和拉斐尔(14831520)，在乔托和马萨乔的创新基础上 继续发展，创作出欧洲前所未见的一些最伟大的艺术作品。 另一个创新是使用油墨颜料。 有着深沉的色彩和写实， 一些最好 的油画看起来像照片。尽管早在达 芬奇时代一些画家就使用油彩绘 画，但伦勃朗(16061669)使得这种技艺达到顶峰，他拥有“光影大 师”的雅称。 在主题上， 重点逐渐从宗教主题转移到我们周围的人和世界。 国 王、 贵族和地位高的人都想购买自己和他们所爱的人的精确照片。 其 他人则希望画出一些重要的历史事件或神话故事。 最后， 大多数客户 希望看到漂亮有趣的画。 印象主义(画派)(19 世纪末
28、20 世纪初) 西方艺术的发展缓慢下来，直到 19 世纪中叶摄影术的发明。在 那之后，不再需要绘画来保存人类和世界的面貌。因此，画家必须找 到一种新的方式来看待他们的艺术。 自此以后， 印象派在法国出现了。 这一新运动的名字来自克劳德莫奈(18401926)的画作印象日 出 。在他的作品中，莫奈的目的是传达场景中的光和运动场景 给他的主观印象，但不是对场景本身的详细记录。 当许多印象派画家描绘自然或日常生活的场景时， 其他人， 如雷 诺阿(18411919)，则关注于人。与那个时期的黑白照片不同，雷诺 阿的绘画不像充满了光、影、色和生命。他不仅要表现他主题的外在 形象，还要表现他们内心的温暖和人性。 现代艺术(20 世纪至今) 印象派之后，后来的艺术家开始问： “我们下一步该怎么办？画 家毕加索(18811973)试图以立体的方式分析自然界中存在的形态， 但又以一种新的方式进行分析。 其他人给他们的画一个现实的， 但梦 想般的质量。 还有一些人转向抽象艺术。 他们试图做的不再是展示现 实，而是提出一个问题：“什么是艺术？”
