1、1- Section B Using language .知识体系图解 重点词汇 1. v.预测,预报 2. v.攫取,抓住 3. adj.可信赖的,可靠的 4. v.营救,解救 5. n.紧急情况,不测事件 6. n.台风 7. n.暴风雪 forecast grab reliable rescue emergency typhoon blizzard 8.exceptionally adv. 9.claim v. 10.crisis n. 11.threaten v. 12.satellite n. 13.precisely adv. 14.tsunami n. 极其,非常 (战争、事故等
2、)夺去(生命) 危机 威胁到,危及 人造卫星 精确地,准确地 海啸 重点短语 1.on the way 2.head for 3.up to 4.be known as 5.as far away as 6.result in 7.lead to 在路上;在旅行中 朝进发 多达 作为而出名 尽可能远 引起;导致 导致 8.多于,超过 9.随着时间的过去 10.注意 11.确保 12.承受;遭受 13.省去;遗漏 14.由组成;包括 more than over time pay attention to be sure to suffer from leave out consist of 重
3、点句式 1.Amongst all the international heavy rescue teams,the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was the first international heavy rescue team to arrive. 2.By early May,emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donated by China,with a further round of emergency aid to follow.
4、重点语法 省略 .释义匹配 1.forecast A.to an exceptional degree 2.reliable B.that can be trusted to do sth well;that you can rely on 3.exceptionally C.to predict in advance 4.claim D.to be a danger to sth 5.threaten E.demand as being ones due or property 答案 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.E 5.D .用省略结构完成句子 1.当我走在街上时,我听到有人叫我的名字。 W
5、hile ,I heard my name called. 2.这就是为什么我能让人们的日子更美好。如果你不知道,谁会说 另一个人会呢? Thats why I help brighten peoples days.If you , whos to say that another person will? 3.如果被录用,你很快就会得到通知。 for the job,youll be informed soon. 4.如果我知道日程安排的话,可能会省去一些麻烦。 It might have saved me some trouble the schedule. walking along t
6、he street dont If accepted had I known 重点词汇 1.Unusual animal behaviour,for example,can indicate whether its cold,wet weather thats on the way or a hot,dry period.(教材P65) 例如,动物的不寻常行为,可以表明即将到来的是寒冷潮湿的天气, 还是炎热干燥的时期。 【词汇精讲】on the way在句中表示“即将到来”,同时,它还有“在路 上”的含义。后面常加to+地点,表示“在去的路上”。 Its announced that a hu
7、rricane is on the way. 通知说飓风即将到来。 【词汇拓展】 on the way to sp在去某地的路上 on the way home/here/there 回家/来这儿/去那儿的路上 in the way 妨碍;挡道 by the way 顺便问一下 in a way在某种程度上 On the way to school,I told my father everything that happened yesterday. 在去学校的路上,我告诉父亲昨天所发生的一切事情。 Fred tried to get to the door,but the table wa
8、s in the way. 弗雷德试图走近大门,可是桌子挡住了去路。 I saw Tom yesterday.By the way,he told me that he would go to Beijing. 我昨天看见汤姆了。哦,顺便说一下,他告诉我他要去北京。 2.So,for accurate and reliable predictions,its best to check an official,scientific report.(教材P65) 所以,为了准确可靠的预测,最好检查一份官方的科学报告。 【词汇精讲】reliable为形容词,表示“可靠的”。它的动词为rely,表
9、示“依赖,依靠”。 She prepares reliable moves to use if a new situation arises. 她把在新情况下能用得上的可靠动作准备好。 【词汇拓展】 rely on sb to do sth依靠某人做某事 rely on (doing) sth依赖/信任/指望 rely on it that.相信,指望 Nowadays the children rely more on their parents to do everything for them. 现在孩子们更多地依靠父母为他们做每件事。 You may rely on it that t
10、he work will be finished ahead of time. 你可以放心,这项工作将提前完成。 【名师点睛】下列句型中也要用it作形式宾语:depend on/see to it+that从句;appreciate it+if从句;like/hate it+when从句。 3.International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.(教材 P65) 国际救援队很快就开始抵达该国。 【词汇精讲】句中的rescue是及物动词,意为“拯救;救援;解救;解 围”。rescue作名词,意为“救援;营救”。 Hundr
11、eds were still in the water,waiting to be rescued. 数以百计的人仍在水中,等待救援。 A helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash. 一架直升机飞到了现场,来搭救这次飞机失事的幸存者。 A wealthy benefactor came to their rescue with a generous donation. 一位富有的赞助人慷慨解囊挽救了他们。 【词汇拓展】 rescuer n.援救者;救助者;救星 rescue.from.从
12、救出 come to sbs rescue 前来救助某人 Rescuers were still working their way towards the trapped men. 营救人员仍在艰难地向被困者靠拢。 She died trying to rescue her children from the blaze. 她在试图从大火中救出自己的孩子时身亡。 4.Consisting of 62 people,it not only included rescuers and medical staff,but also included earthquake experts.(教材P6
13、5) 它由62人组成,不仅包括救援人员和医务人员,还包括地震专家。 【词汇精讲】consist of表示“由组成”,不用于进行时态和被动 语态,但是可以用其动词-ing形式作定语。 The world consists of seven continents. 世界是由七大洲组成的。 【词汇拓展】 同义短语:be made up of;be composed of 由组成 consist in (=lie in ) 在于;存在于 consist with与一致/相符 consistent adj.相容的;一致的 be consistent with.和一致;相符 The beauty of t
14、he plan consists in its simplicity. 这个计划妙在简明扼要。 If what you say is not consistent with what you do,it will have a bad effect on your children. 如果你言行不一,这将对你的孩子有不好的影响。 【名师点睛】由consist组成的几个短语consist of/in/with都不能用 于被动语态和进行时态。 5.they destroyed buildings and forests,and claimed over 256 lives.(教材P66) 它们摧毁
15、了建筑物和森林,夺走了超过256条生命。 【词汇精讲】句中的claim是及物动词,意为“(战争、事故等)夺去 (生命)”,此外,还表示“声称;断言;索赔;认领”,后面常接名词、不定 式或that从句。claim作名词,意为“要求;声称;索赔金额;所有权”。 Heart disease is the number one killer,claiming a lot of lives every year. 心脏病是头号杀手,每年夺去很多生命。 The man claimed that hed been dining with friends at the time of murder. 该男子声
16、称凶案发生时自己正与朋友们进餐。 They put in a claim on the insurance for the stolen luggage. 他们在行李被偷后向保险公司提出索赔要求。 【词汇拓展】 claim on 索赔 have a claim on/to 有对要求权 have no claim on/to 没有对要求的权利;无资格得到 lay claim to表示自己有权利去获得,认领(某物) make a claim for对(赔偿等)提出要求 raise a claim提出(所有权的)要求 Surely they have a rightful claim to thei
17、r fathers land. 确实,他们对父亲的土地拥有合法的所有权。 A shipping company has made a claim for the cost of salvaging a sunken ship. 某轮船公司要求赔偿打捞沉船的费用。 6.It led to a severe food crisis and threatened the livelihoods of more than 9.5 million people.(教材P66) 它导致了严重的粮食危机,并威胁到950多万人的生计。 【词汇精讲】threaten为及物动词,表示“威胁,危及”,还有“恐吓”之
18、 意。 They broke my windows and threatened me. 他们打碎我的窗子并威胁我。 【词汇拓展】 threaten sb with sth用威胁某人 threaten to do sth威胁/扬言要做某事 threatening adj. 危险的;胁迫的;凶兆的 threat n.威胁,恐吓;凶兆 The terrorist threatened the government with a bomb. 恐怖分子用炸弹威胁政府。 Officials at the school say they received a bomb threat at approxim
19、ately 11:30 am today. 学校的官员说他们在今天上午11点半左右收到过炸弹恐吓。 重点句式 1.Amongst all the international heavy rescue teams,the China International Search and Rescue Team (CISAR) was the first international heavy rescue team to arrive.(教材P65) 在所有的国际重型救援队伍中,中国国际搜索救援队是第一支抵达 的国际重型救援队伍。 【句式剖析】句中to arrive作定语,修饰the first i
20、nternational heavy rescue team。当名词被序数词修饰时,后面通常用动词不定式作定 语。 China is the third country to send man-made spaceship into universe. 中国是世界上第三个向宇宙发送载人飞船的国家。 He was the second person in the world to reach the summit without oxygen. 他是世界上第二个未使用氧气筒到达峰顶的人。 【句式拓展】 (1)不定式作定语,常常表示将来的动作; (2)不定式作定语与其所修饰的词之间的关系主要有动宾
21、关系、主 谓关系和所属关系; (3)当中心词为序数词或者前面有序数词、the last、the next、the only等词修饰时,后面一般用动词不定式作定语; (4)不定式作定语,当被修饰的名词是不定式的逻辑宾语时,不定式 通常用主动形式;若不定式是不及物动词,但与所修饰的词有意义 上的动宾关系,其后应加一个适当的介词,或者不定式所修饰的名 词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面也须有相应的 介词。 That is the only thing to worry about. 那是唯一可担心的事。 The girl had no chance to go to school bec
22、ause of poverty. 因为贫困,女孩没有上学的机会。 We had to find a room to live in. 我们得找个房子住下来。 【名师点睛】有些名词的后面常用不定式作定语,常见的有:ability 能力,agreement一致、协议,ambition抱负、野心,anxiety焦 急,attempt试图,chance机会,claim声称,courage勇气,decision决 定,determination决心,effort努力,failure失败,hope希望,intention目的、 意图,need需要,opportunity机会,plan计划,promise诺
23、言,readiness乐 意,refusal拒绝,reluctance勉强、不愿,resolution决心,tendency倾 向,right权力,struggle斗争,threat威胁,time时候,way方法,willingness 愿意,wish希望。 2.By early May,emergency aid worth 9.7 million US dollars had been donated by China,with a further round of emergency aid to follow.(教材P65) 到5月初,中国捐赠了价值970万美元的紧急援助,随后还将提供
24、另 一轮紧急援助。 【句式剖析】该句子为“by+过去时间”引导的时间状语从句,主句 用过去完成时,表示“到时,已经”。 By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed. 到去年年底,又有一座新体育馆竣工了。 【句式拓展】 (1)by+现在时间,和现在完成时连用 (2)by+过去时间,和过去完成时连用 (3)by+将来时间,和将来完成时连用 He has taught in our school for 3 years by now. 到现在为止,他在我们学校教学3年了。 You will have reached
25、 Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天这个时候你将到达上海。 重点语法 省略 无论在口语中还是在书面语中,有时为了讲话简洁或行文方便,常 常在不影响文意的情况下将句子中的某些成分略去,这种现象称为 省略。 一、简单句中的省略 (一)省略主语 祈使句中主语通常省略;其他省略主语多限于少数现成的说法。 1.(I) Beg your pardon. 2.(I) Thank you for your help. (二)省略主谓或主谓语的一部分 1.(There is) No smoking. 2.(Will you) Have a smoke? (三)省略作宾语的不定式
26、短语,只保留to,但如果该宾语是动词be或 完成时态,则须在之后加上be或have: 1.Are you going there?Yes,Id like to (go there). 2.He hasnt finished the task yet.Well,he ought to have. (四)省略表语 1.Are you thirsty?Yes,I am (thirsty). 2.His brother isnt lazy,nor is his sister (lazy). (五)同时省略几个成分 1.Lets meet at the same place as (we met) ye
27、sterday. 2.Have you finished your work? (I have) Not (finished my work) yet. 二、主从复合句中的省略 (一)主句中有一些成分被省略 1.(Im) Sorry to hear you are ill. 2.(Its a) Pity that he missed such a good chance. (二)状语从句的省略 原则主要是:如果从句中的主语和主句中的主语一致,就可以经过 一定的变动把状语从句中的主语和谓语的一部分或全部省略,从而 使语言更加简洁、明了。 When (she was) very young,she
28、 began to learn to play the piano. 她很小时就开始学习弹钢琴。 Dont come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你请你不要进来。 Whenever (it is) possible,you should come and help. 不管什么时候只要有可能你就来帮忙。 注意:as在引导时间状语从句时,没有这种省略现象。 (三)不定式符号to的省略 1.并列的不定式可省去后面的to。 I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. 我告诉他坐下等一会儿。 2.help 当“帮助”讲时,
29、后面的宾语或宾语补足语的不定式符号to可 带可不带。 I will help (to) do it for you. 我会帮你做的。 3.but前若有动词do,后面的不定式不带to。 The boy did nothing but play. 这个男孩除了玩什么也没做。 4.某些使役动词(let,make,have)及感官动词 (see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,look at,listen to等)后面作宾语补 足语的不定式一定要省去to,但在被动语态中须将to复原。 I saw the boy fall from the tree. 我看到这个男孩从树上
30、掉下来了。 The boy was seen to fall from the tree. 这个男孩被(我)看到从树上掉下来了。 5.主语从句中有动词do,后面作表语的不定式的 to可带可不带。 All we can do now is (to) wait. 我们现在能做的就是等。 (四)连词if在部分虚拟条件句中可省略,但后面的语序有变化。 1.Had they time,they would certainly come and help us. 如果他们有时间,他们一定会来帮助我们。 2.Were I you,I would do the work better. 如果我是你,我会把工作
31、做得更好。 3.Should there be a flood,what should we do? 如果那里有洪水,我们应该做什么? (五)主句和从句各有一些成分省略。 The sooner (you do it),the better (it will be). 越快越好。 三、并列句中的省略 两个并列句中,后一个分句常省略与前一分句中相同的部分。 My father is a doctor and my mother (is) a nurse. 我父亲是医生,母亲是护士。 I study at college and my sister (studies) at high school.
32、 我上大学,我妹妹读高中。 When summer comes,the day is getting longer and longer,and the night (is getting) shorter and shorter. 夏天来了,白天越来越长,黑夜越来越短。 四、连接词that的省略 1.宾语从句中常省略连接词that,但也有不能省略的情况。 2.在定语从句中,that在从句中作宾语时可省略。另外,凡是进行时 态和被动语态的定语从句都可省略关系代词和be 动词。 .单词拼写 1.Todays weather f is for sunshine and showers. 答案 fo
33、recast 2.I g her by the arm and tried to pull her away. 答案 grabbed 3.Trains are r ,cheap and best for long-distance journeys. 答案 reliable 4.The police came to his r and he was very thankful when he was safe. 答案 rescue 5.She is calm and resourceful in an (紧急事件). 答案 emergency 6.It had been an (极其) dif
34、ficult work. 答案 exceptionally 7.Theyve put in a (要求) for a pay rise. 答案 claim 8.Natural disasters have obviously contributed to the continents economic c . 答案 crisis 9.The newcomers directly t the livelihood of the established workers. 答案 threaten 10.The meeting starts at 2 pm (精确地). 答案 precisely .翻
35、译句子 1.这些问题,如果不妥善处理的话,将严重影响青少年的成长。(if not solved properly) 答案 These problems,if not solved properly,will seriously affect the growth of teenagers. 2.这个感人的故事,如果改编成电视剧,一定会大受欢迎。(if adapted;a hit) 答案 This moving story,if adapted for television,would be a hit. 3.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。(省略动词) 答案 Your advice made m
36、e happy but Tom angry. 4.这次展览比预料的有趣得多。(than expected) 答案 The exhibition is more interesting than expected. 5.这是一个最多可容纳五个人的房间。(up to) 答案 This is a room which can accommodate up to five people. .语法填空 Last Thursday,there was a big fire in a big shop in our city.At 8:16 that morning,1. the employees wer
37、e working busily in the 4-storeyed building,heavy smoke was seen 2. (come) out of the windows on the second floor.The fire lasted nearly an hour,and the majority of the 345 employees managed 3. (escape) from the fire.Unfortunately,7 were killed,and 23 injured,lightly or seriously. Some workers 4. (c
38、omplain) that aids came too late, 5. the firemen did come just 10 minutes after the fire was reported.To rescue everyone from the burning and smoking building in such a short time was too difficult.The only two exits of the big building were not enough for so many people to withdraw in 6. hurry. whe
39、n coming to escape complained but a The reason of the fire,according to an investigator,was 7. someone broke the non-smoking rule in the factory,because some cigarette ends 8. (find).Next two weeks,15 inspection teams will be working in all the factories 9. turn,aiming to clear away the possibility of more fires.10. (hope),no disasters like this will happen again. that were found in Hopefully
