1、1- Unit 6 Disaster and hope 素养导航导航 主题语境人与自然 灾害防范 The Science of Earthquakes What is an earthquake?The surface of the earth is divided into different pieces.These are called tectonic plates.When two plates suddenly slip past one another,an earthquake happens.This shakes the ground and everything on i
2、t. What cause earthquakes and where do they happen? The earth has four main layers.They are inner core,outer core,mantle and the earths crust.The crust and the top of the mantle make up a thin skin on the surface of the planet.But this skin is not all in one piece.It is actually made up of many tect
3、onic plates.They are like puzzle pieces.These pieces are always sliding around and bumping into each other.Sometimes their edges get stuck together.When this happens,the rest of the plate keeps moving.Eventually the edges come unstuck.That is when an earthquake happens. Why does the earth shake when
4、 there is an earthquake? Earthquakes send out waves in all directions.When they reach the earths surface,they shake the ground.There are different types of earthquake waves.The P wave squeezes and stretches the earth.The S wave shakes it up and down. How are earthquakes recorded? Scientists use spec
5、ial tools to record and measure earthquakes.These tools are called seismographs.Recordings from seismographs tell scientists when and where an earthquake took place.They can also tell scientists the size of an earthquake. 词海拾贝 tectonic plates 构造板块 layer n.层 mantle n.地幔 crust n.地壳 seismograph n.地震仪 典
6、句欣赏 Recordings from seismographs tell scientists when and where an earthquake took place. 译文:地震仪的记录告诉科学家地震发生的时间和地点。 分析:该句子中Recordings为主语,from seismographs 为介词短语作 后置定语,修饰Recordings;tell为谓语,scientists作tell的间接宾 语;when and where an earthquake took place为宾语从句。 探究思辨 What should we do in case there is an e
7、arthquake? 答案 Be sure to stay calm and do everything the teacher tells you.If you are in class,take cover under desk quickly and do not move until the floor stops shaking.If you are on the playground,stay where you are,crouch and protect your head.Dont stand near high buildings that may fall down an
8、d dont jump off the building.Help your classmates if you can and try to go through the disaster together. -9- Section A Starting out 终究 12.为作准备 对做出回应,反应 面临,面对 应对,解决 捡起 当然 与比起来 make it look through due to whats more after all prepare for 重点句式 1.Looking through my newspaper,Im shocked by photos showin
9、g that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town. 2.Now that its hard to avoid a disaster on Earth,perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space. .词汇拓展 1.erupt v. (n.) 2.immediately adv.speak with his manager about moving to the top floor;learn to swim and join a beginners swimming class imme
10、diately. 5.He feels nervous. 重点词汇 1.How did people there react to the disaster?(教材P61) 那里的人们对灾难有什么反应? 【词汇精讲】句中的react是不及物动词,意为“做出反应,回应”。此 外,还表示“有影响,起作用;反抗”。 How did he react when you called him a fool? 你骂他傻瓜时,他反应如何? He reacted angrily to accusations of disloyalty. 有人指责他不忠,他非常气愤。 【词汇拓展】 reaction n.反应;
11、反应能力;不良反应 react to对有反应 react with 与发生 (化学)反应 react on/upon对有影响/起作用 react against反抗;对抗 Some people experience a mild reaction to the drug. 有些人对这种药会有轻微不良反应。 An acid reacts with a base to form a salt. 酸与碱产生化学反应形成盐。 People react strongly against tax increases. 人们强烈反对增税。 2.Picking up a free newspaper at
12、the Tube station,I see the title “Hot! Hot! Hot!”.(教材P62) 我在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸,看到标题是“热!热!热!”。 【词汇精讲】pick up在该句子中表示“拿起”,同时,它还有“拾起;接 收(信号);(偶然)学会;整理;接载;情况好转”等含义。 He picked up some French words while living with a Frenchman. 他和一个法国人住在一起时学会了一些法语单词。 The school bus picks up the children three times every day. 校车
13、每天接送孩子们三次。 The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite. 设备接收到卫星发出的信号。 【巧学助记】 【词汇拓展】 pick oneself up 跌倒后站起来 pick up speed加速 pick on挑剔;捉弄;选中 pick off摘下 pick out挑选;辨认出 Pick out the dress that you like best and Ill buy it for your birthday. 挑选你最喜欢的衣服,我付钱作为给你的生日礼物。 3.The average high temperatur
14、e in July is only 22 degrees,so over 30 is not usual for London.(教材P62) 7月份的平均高温只有22度,因此超过30度对伦敦来说是不正常的。 【词汇精讲】average在句中为形容词,表示“平均的”。作名词,表 示“平均数;平均水平;一般水准”;作动词,表示“平均为;计算出 的平均数”。 Last year was the warmest year on record,with global temperature 0.68 above the average. 去年是有记录以来最热的一年,比全球平均气温高了0.68摄氏度。
15、【词汇拓展】 an average of 平均有 on (the) average 平均起来 above average 在平均水平以上 below average 在平均水平以下 up to average达到平均水平 average out 算出平均数 Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving license reached 200,000,an average of 40,000 per year. 去年毕业时就有驾照的学生数量已达到二十万,平均每年四万。 On average,there are 800
16、tornadoes in the US each year,causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. 美国平均每年有800场龙卷风,导致约80人死亡,1 500人受伤。 4.This,however,is nothing compared to the train.(教材P62) 然而,这与火车比起来不算什么。 【词汇精讲】compare为动词,在句中表示“比较,相比”。 Dont compare your strength with others weakness,which is meaningless. 不要拿自己的长处和别人的短处做比较,这
17、是没有意义的。 【词汇拓展】 compare .with .把和相比较 compare .to .把比作 compared to/with .和相比(通常作状语) beyond/without compare无与伦比,举世无双 comparison n.比较;对照;比喻 in comparison with与相比 A teacher is often compared to a candle.Thats because their devotion to work is beyond/without compare. 老师常被比作蜡烛。那是因为他们对工作的投入是无与伦比的。 Compared
18、to your contributions,ours count for little. 与你们的贡献比较起来,我们的算不了什么。 5.I hope I can make it to Bank station.(教材P62) 我希望我能及时到达银行那一站 【词汇精讲】句中的make it意为“(及时)到达;赶上”,其中的it不是 代词,只是帮助构成该短语。此外,make it还表示“获得成功;规定时 间”。 I think well just make it if we hurry up! 如果抓点紧,我想我们能及时到达。 He hadnt been able to make it to ou
19、r dinner. 他没能出席我们的晚宴。 I dont know whether I can make it in science. 我不知道我能否在科学上获得成功。 Im busy today,so lets make it another time. 今天我很忙,咱们另约时间吧。 【词汇拓展】 常见的带有it的短语还有:worth it,deserve it,give it a try,as it is,thats it,have it,keep at it,take it easy,make it clear,when it comes to,believe it or not,it
20、depends。 Id like to give you this,because I think you deserve it. 我想把这个给你,因为我想这是你应该得到的。 No big talk,if you think you can do it,give it a try. 少唱高调,你要是能干,就来试试。 Believe it or not,it was a hug that changed my mind. 信不信由你,是一个拥抱改变了我的心情。 6.Whats more,heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides,and
21、the heat across Southern Europe has caused forest fires.(教材P63) 此外,东欧的大雨导致了山体滑坡,整个南欧的高温导致了森林火 灾。 【词汇精讲】 cause在该句子中为动词,表示“导致,使发生”,相当于 lead to。cause作名词,表示“的原因”。 Joes absence from school was caused by illness. 因为生病,乔没有上学。 【词汇拓展】 cause sb sth给某人造成某种结果 cause sb/sth to do sth导致某人做某事;引起某物 cause damage/loss
22、 to 对造成损失、损坏 the cause of.的原因 cause and effect 因果 The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply. 收成不好导致价格急剧上涨。 Drunk driving is one of the most common causes of traffic accidents. 酒后驾驶是交通事故最普遍的原因之一。 7.Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.(教 材P63) 专家说由于气候变化,这种糟糕的天气已经发生了。 【
23、词汇精讲】occur为不及物动词,表示“发生”。occur的过去式和 过去分词形式要双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed,即occurred。 When did the accident occur?事故是什么时候发生的? 【词汇拓展】 sth occurs to sb某人突然想起某事 It occurs to/strikes/hits sb that .某人突然想到 It occurs to sb to do sth某人突然想起做某事 A good idea occurred to me when I woke up this morning. 今天早上醒来我突然想到一个好主意。 It sudden
24、ly occurred to me that while we tried to teach our children all about life,they actually taught us what life was all about. 我突然想起,当我们试图教我们的孩子们关于生活的一切时,他们 实际上却教会了我们什么是生活的全部。 The possibility that she might be wrong never even occurred to her. 她根本没有想到她可能会错。 【名师点睛】 表达“发生”时,occur与happen可以互换;另外occur,happe
25、n,take place,break out,come about等表示“发生”的短语都不能用于被动语 态以及进行时态。 重点句式 1.Looking through my newspaper,Im shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.(教材P63) 我浏览报纸时被一些照片所震惊,照片上显示亚洲的一场飓风已经 毁坏了一座城镇。 【句式剖析】looking through my newspaper 为动词-ing形式作伴随 状语,showing 为动词-ing形式作photos 的后置定语
26、。 The film will be shown this Sunday afternoon,lasting 2 hours,from 4:00 to 6:00. 这部影片将在本周日下午放映,持续两个小时,从4:00到6:00。 The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,allowing more patients to be treated. 近期这个医院得到了新的医疗设备,使得更多的病人得到治疗。 【句式拓展】 (1)动词-ing形式(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式 或伴随情况等,可相当于一个状语从句。 F
27、inding the course very difficult,she decided to move to a lower level.=As/Because she found the course very difficult,she decided to move to a lower level. 发现这门课很难,她决定调低一级。 (2)动词-ing形式(短语)作状语,有一般式(doing),完成式(having done) 以及完成被动式(having been done)。如果表示否定,not放在动词- ing形式前面。 I sat at the back,never dari
28、ng to speak. 我坐在后面,从不敢吭声。 Having written down our names and addresses,the policeman let us go. 那警察把我们的姓名和地址记下之后就让我们走了。 【名师点睛】判断用动词-ing形式还是过去分词作状语的关键是 要分清其与逻辑主语之间的关系是主动还是被动,其次就是分清楚 其动作和谓语动词动作的先后关系。 2.Now that its hard to avoid a disaster on Earth,perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space.
29、(教材P63) 既然在地球上很难避免灾难,也许我应该开始考虑搬到太空去 【句式剖析】句首的now that是从属连词,意为“既然”,在此处引导 原因状语从句。now that在语义上相当于since,that在口语中可省略。 Now that you are here,youd better stay. 既然你已经来了,最好还是住下。 Now that weve finished our work,we can go out to play for a while. 既然我们已把工作干完了,我们可以出去玩一会儿了。 【词语辨析】because/since (now that)/as/for (
30、1)because表达直接而明确的原因或理由,语气最强,能回答why引 导的问句。because 引导的分句置于句首时,须用逗号与主句隔开, 置于句末时则不用隔开。 (2)since (now that)语气比because弱,表示的原因是双方共知的,所说 明的原因有时不是根本的或直接的,一般可译为“既然/鉴于”,所引 导从句通常出现在主句之前。 (3)as语气比because和since轻,只说明一般的因果关系,所引导的从 句可前、可后。 (4)for语气最弱,相当于并列连词,由它引导的分句表示补充说明性 的理由,通常只能置于句末,且必须用逗号与前面的分句隔开。 Some stars loo
31、k small only because they are much farther away from us. 一些星星看起来很小,只是因为它们离我们远得多。 Since it is raining,lets get down to something else. 既然天在下雨,咱们干点别的事吧。 You dont have to go with me,as you have a lot of work to do. 你有很多工作要做,就不必跟我去了。 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下过雨,地面湿漉漉的。
32、.课文语法填空 The temperature in London now 1. (expect) to reach 30 plus degrees!You may find the newspapers 2. the title “Hot! Hot!Hot!”.The Central Line is one of the oldest 3. (line) and one of the 4. (deep).Going down the stairs and onto the platform makes you hard to breathe and it is nothing,5. (com
33、pare) to the train.Some of 6. passengers in it feel a bit sick and they hope they can make it to their destination soon.Each summer in London 7. (definite) seems hotter 8. the last.Perhaps it is time 9. (start) planning for the future. Fortunately,if you step out of the station,you 10. (feel) a fres
34、h wind on your face. is expected with lines deepest compared the definitely than to start will feel .概要写作 根据P62-P63课文内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 参考范文 I learn that the temperature in London is expected to reach 30 plus degrees,which is not usual for London.(要点1)I hope I can make it to Bank station quickly to avoid the sick by thinking about work.(要点 2)Then I make some plans for the future,even thinking about moving to space.(要点3)On stepping out of the station with a heavy heart,I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face.Now I realised that I have been worrying too much.(要点4)
