1、Unit 3 Celebrations Lesson 1 Spring Festival Grammar Warming up Highlight the structure of passive voice in these sentences. Underline more examples in the texts. 1). The house was cleaned from top to bottom. 2). It is believed that when Fu is put outside down, happiness arrives. 3). Train tickets o
2、r flights have to be booked as early as possible. 4). The spirit of the festivalthe spirit of familyhas largely been kept. 被动语态被动语态 一、基本知识 (一) 概念 语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关 系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动 作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。 (二) 构成 被动语态一般由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词be 本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。 (三) 用法 1讲话者不知
3、道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行 者。(这时可省略by短语) My bike was stolen last night. 我的自行车昨晚被偷了。 2借助被动的动作突出动作的受动者。 The bike was knocked down by a naughty boy. 这辆自行车被一个调皮的小男孩撞倒了。 3为使句子更加合理、流畅。 The plan was supported by those who wished to live on the campus. 这计划得到希望住在校内的人的支持。 4习惯用法的需要。 这类词常见的有born，determine，devote，seat，dr
4、ess，situate等。 He was born in China in 2017. 他于2017年出生在中国。 二、形式 时态名称被动语态形式 一般现在时am/is/are过去分词 一般过去时was/were过去分词 一般将来时will/shallbe过去分词 过去将来时wouldbe过去分词 现在进行时am/is/arebeing过去分词 过去进行时was/werebeing过去分词 现在完成时have/hasbeen过去分词 过去完成时hadbeen过去分词 The boy is often heard to play the piano. 人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。(一般现在时)
5、She was seen to enter the hall. 有人看见她进了大厅。(一般过去时) A new house will be built by us next year. 明年我们要建一栋新房子。(一般将来时) The problem is being discussed at the meeting. 会议上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时) A meeting was being held when I was there. 我到那儿时，正在开会。(过去进行时) All these flowers have been watered. 这些花都浇过了。(现在完成时) The b
6、uilding had been completed before I arrived. 在我去之前那座建筑就已竣工了。(过去完成时) These books may be kept for two weeks. 这些书可以借两周。(含情态动词) 1以主动形式表被动意义的动词 (1)表示状态特征的系动词，如look，sound，feel，smell，taste， prove不用于被动语态，其后接形容词或名词构成系表结构， 表示被动含义。 The food tastes delicious. 这食物味道鲜美。 The cotton feels soft. 棉花摸上去很软。 三、被动语态的注意事项
7、 (2)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如open，shut，lock， sell，write，wash习惯上以主动形式表示被动含义。这类动词 一般不单独使用，常有一个修饰语。 This kind of cloth washes well. 这种布好洗。 The engine wont start. 引擎发动不起来。 (3)need，want，require作谓语，其主语为物时，动词后的动 名词用主动形式表示被动含义。 The plan required discussing. 这项计划需要讨论。 2不用被动语态的几种情况 (1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态，常见的有：appear， d
8、ie，disappear，rise，end，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit， spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，lose heart，take place等。 The price has risen. 价格升高了。 The accident happened last week. 事故是上周发生的。 (2)有些及物动词和及物动词短语不能用于被动语态，常见的有：fit， have，hold，marry，own，wish，cost，notice，watch，agree with， arrive at/in，sh
9、ake hands with，succeed in，suffer from，happen to， take part in，walk into，belong to。 This key just fits the lock.这把钥匙适合这把锁。 Your story agrees with what he heard. 你的故事与他听到的相符。 活动目的：让学生理解并掌握被动语态。 Task 1 Choose a proper option for each situation. Explain why. 1). My friend George draws landscape pictures
10、. a He sells them for money. b They are sold by him for money. 2). Theres somebody behind us. a I think we re being followed. b I think someone is following us. 3). This orange juice tastes awful. a I think someone has left it outside the fridge for a long time. b I think its been left outside the f
11、ridge for a long time. 4).Tommy takes good care of his car. a He washes the car every week. b The car is washed by him every week. 5 The old lady rented an old house. a Somebody built it in 1900. b It was built in 1900. Task 2 Read the news report. Rewrite the underlined sections in passive voice. (
12、1) The Lantern Show in Datong, a historic city in northern China, is attracting tens of thousands of visitors during the Spring Festival holiday. The Lantern Show exhibits over 60 series of lanterns, among which 12 are ice lanterns. (2) People mix traditional lanterns with ice lanterns to create a s
13、pecial and happy atmosphere. The show usually starts from the fifth day of Spring Festival. Besides the Lantern Show, people can also enjoy many other activities, including traditional operas and lantern riddle guessing games. (3) Last year, the government rebuilt the ancient walls in this city and
14、(4) this year, the government organised the Lantern Show under the ancient walls for the first time. The newly built ancient walls have new become a calling card for the city. Officials say that over 80,000 people visited the show on the first day. (5) They expect more people to visit in the coming
15、days. The Lantern Show ends on 16 February. 知识巩固知识巩固 单句语法填空 1Vegetables and fruits in this shop (sell) well. 2Football (play) in most countries of the world. 3I had not (wake) up by the noise, so I was late this morning. 4When the first man-made satellite (send) up into space? 5How many magazines ca
16、n (borrow) from your library every week? 6I have to go to work by taxi because my car (repair) at the garage. 7Unless some extra money (find)，the theatre will close. 8I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy, but (hold) back thankfully by the shop window. 9It is reported that a space station (build) on the moon in years to come. 10The Great Wall (know) all over the world. Answers: 1. sell 2. is played 3. been woken 4. was; sent 5. be borrowed 6. is being repaired 7. is found 8. was held 9. will be built 10. is known THANK YOU
