1、必修一必修一Unit 2 语法语法 简单句、并列句和复合句简单句、并列句和复合句 英语句子按照其结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 1 简单句简单句 只有一个主语 （或并列主语） 和一个谓语动词 （或并列谓语动词）的句子称为简单句 （simple sentence） 。 Successful learners are learners with a specific purpose. 学得好的人都有明确的学习目的。 Voices and music have been added to colorful pictures to catch the ear as well as the eye.
2、 彩色画面配上声音与音乐，既好听又好看。 He stopped the car and waited for the red light to change to green. 他停下车来等待红灯变绿灯。 2 并列句并列句 两个或两个以上的简单句用并列连词（或用分号、冒号或逗号等）连在一起构成的句子叫并 列句（compound sentence） 。常用的连词有：and（和） ，so（因此，所以） ，not only.but also （不仅而且） ，neither.nor （既不也不） ， or （或者， 否则） ， otherwise （否则） ，either.or （不是就是） ，but
3、（但是） ，yet（然而） ，still（仍然） ， however（然而） ，while（而） ， whereas（而，反过来） ，for（因为，由于）等。 Hurry up，or you may be late for the meeting. 快点，否则你开会就要迟到了。 The light was red，so I had to stop my car. 是红灯，所以我不得不把车停下。 He is well over sixty，but he does not look old at all. 他已年过花甲，但毫不显老。 Here the water is quiet，for ther
4、e is little wind. 这里水面平静，因为几乎没有风。 He is well over sixty，but he does not look old at all. 他已年过花甲，但毫不显老。 Here the water is quiet，for there is little wind. 这里水面平静，因为几乎没有风。 Some people waste food while others havent enough. 有些人浪费食品而有些人不够吃。 I gave him all he asked for，yet he was still not satisfied. 他要什么
5、我给他什么，但他仍不满足。 She is fat，whereas her husband is thin. 她很胖而她丈夫却很瘦。 She cant read，neither can she write.她既不会读也不会写。 Every day the newspapers carry a few pages of classified ads；in the large Sunday editions there may be several sections of them. 每天报纸刊登好几页的分类广告，而有些增加版面的周日版 分类广告可能占了很大篇幅。 Ive just had some
6、 good news：Ive been offered a job in a law firm. 我刚得到一些好消息：我已在一家律师事务所找到了工作。 Sometimes I laugh，sometimes I am down. 我有时高兴大笑，有时情绪低沉。 3 复合句复合句 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句所构成的句子结构叫复合句（complex sentence） ，也叫 主从复合句。从句由关联词引导，关联词将从句与主句联系在一起。根据其在复合句中的作 用，从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。 We move our heads from side t
7、o side when we want to say “no”. 我们想说“不”的时候就左右摇头。 （关联词 when 引导状语从句） The purpose of a test is to show what you have learned about a subject. 测试的目的是了解你对某门课程学习的情况。 （关联词 what 引导宾语从句） Most adults who are learning a foreign language would disagree with the statement. 多数正在学习外语的成年人不会同意这种说法。 （关联词 who 引导定语从句）
8、 The reason for their success is that they can learn from their mistakes. 他们成功的原因是他们能从错误中学到东西。 （关联词 that 引导表语从句） Who will chair the meeting is of interest to many of them. 谁来主持这 个会议，他们很多人对此很感兴趣。 （关联词 who 引导主语从句） 判断句子结构判断句子结构简单句、并列句和复合句简单句、并列句和复合句 （1）She was aged six when she first went to school. _
9、（2）I asked him to come with me and he agreed. _ （3）While there is life there is hope. _ （4）I have never met Carl before，nor have I heard of him. _ （5）You werent at the meeting yesterday to hear what other people thought about this problem. _ （6）You can either write to me or call me in my office. _ （
10、7）We must hurry，or well be late for class. _ （8）Aman familiar with the subject can quickly catch the main idea of the lecture. _ （9）You cant count on him for help：he is such a busy man. _ （10）Bill often sleeps late and has no time for breakfast. _ 单句语法填空单句语法填空 （11）The girl_serves in the shop is the
11、owners daughter. （12）Go to see the doctor，_ your cold may get worse. （13）I cleaned the room_you were getting the dinner ready. （14）She tried hard_she was unsuccessful. （15）You may_ do it yourself_leave it to me. （16）She doesnt have to do it_she doesnt want to. （17） _you want to open an account， you
12、can talk to several banks to find the one with the best services，hours and interest rates. （18）Newton was one of the greatest scientists_ever lived. （19）He did not stop to rest_he finished the work. 完成句子完成句子 （20）The words are repeated over and over again，_ （因此）the students hear them clearly. （21）_（一
13、就）I heard the voice，I knew my father was coming. 重点句式重点句式 教材原句 p.22 It seems as if my grades are the most important thing in her life. 看起来似乎我的成绩是她生活中最重要的事情。 【句式分析】as if（相当于 as though） ，意为“仿佛，好像”，在此句 中引导表语从句，从句 用了陈述语气，说明从句表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性。 1. as if 引导的从句引导的从句 （1）语法功能：既可以引导表语从句，又可以引导方式状语从句。 （2）从句语气：从
14、句表示的情况是事实或具有很大的可能性，用陈述语气；从句表示的情 况与事实不符，用虚拟语气。 It seems as if my luggage is overweight. 看起来好像我的行李超重了。 （陈述语气） It appears as if she were junior to me by several years， but in fact， she is three years older than me. 看上去她好像比我小几岁，但是事实上她比我大三岁。 （与现在事实不符） The lady conducted herself with dignity as if nothing
15、 had happened. 这位女士表现自如，不失尊严，仿佛什么事情都没有发生。 （与过去事实不符） It seems as if the meeting would never end. 看起来这个会议似乎永远也开不完。 （与将来事实 不符） （3）省略形式：as if+ 不定式/ 分词/ 形容词/ 介词短语。 The girl stood at the door as if waiting for someone. 那个女孩站在门口，好像在等人。 单句语法填空单句语法填空 （1）Dont handle the vase as if it_（be） made of steel. （2） 2
16、019天津 3 月卷Marys description of the party was so vivid that I felt as if I _（be）there. （3）Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it _ （happen）yesterday. （4）Tom raised his hand as if_（say） something. （5）It seems as if our teacher_（look） for something in the classroom. 完成句子完成句子 （6）_（听起来好像）you are sat
17、isfied with what you have achieved. （ 7 ） Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice ， _ （好像他们什么都没有听到）. 教材原句 p.22 When I do go out，they always ask，“Where are you going? ”当我真要出去时， 他们总是问：“你要去哪里？” 【句式分析】此句为强调句。需要强调谓语时，用“助动词 do/does/ did + 动词原形”。 2.助动词助动词 do/does/did + 动词原形动词原形 He did write to you las
18、t week. 上周他的确给你写信了。 If you have a job，do devote yourself to it and finally youll succeed. 如果你有一份工作，一定要全身心地投入，最终你会成功的。 To be honest，we must acknowledge that she did deserve to win the game. 老实说，我们必须承认她确实应该赢得这场比赛。 【归纳拓展】 强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分时要用强调句型。强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分时要用强调句型。 基本句型结构为：It is/was + 被强调部分被强调部分+
19、that/who + 其他成分其他成分. 可用来强调句子的主语、 宾语、状语、表语等成分。 It is my parents that/who often help me get out of trouble. 是我的父母经常帮助我摆脱困境。 将下列句子变为强调谓语的强调句将下列句子变为强调谓语的强调句 （1）She works hard at her English. _ （2）Jane told us a lot of interesting stories in class yesterday. _ 单句语法填空单句语法填空 （3）It was when we were returnin
20、g home_I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. 教材原句 p.22 I wish they could be more flexible so that I can make my own choices about what to do in my spare time. 我希望他们能更灵活些，这样我就能自己选择在空闲时间做什么了。 【句式分析】此句为主从复合句，so that 引导目的状语从句，意为“以 便，为了”。 3.so that 引导的从句引导的从句 除了引导目的状语从句
21、外，还可以引导结果状语从句，意为“结 果，所以”。 比较： He got up very early so that he caught the early bus. 他起得很早，所以赶上了早班公共汽车。 （结果状语从句） He got up very early so that he could catch the early bus. 他起得很早，以便能赶上早班公共汽车。 （目的状语从句） 【误区警示】 so that 引导结果状语从句：从句时态表明动作已结束。 so that 引导目的状语从句：相当于 in order that，从句中常有 will， would，can，could，
22、may，might 等情态动词，表明动作尚未发生。 完成句子完成句子 （1） 2018天津卷Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend _ （以便） they get sweet enough to be eaten. （2） 词汇复现I put my dictionary within my reach_以便） I can refer to it when necessary. 同义句转换同义句转换 （3）Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so as to stay home and r
23、aise her family. Cathy had quit her job when her son was born_stay home and raise her family. 教材原句 p.26 Whatever happened，we always knew we still had the Bank to depend upon. 不管 发生什么事，我们始终知道我们还有银行可以依靠。 【句式分析】此句为主从复合句，其中 whatever 引导让步状语从句， whatever happened 相 当于 no matter what happened，意为“无论发生什么”。 4.
24、“疑问词疑问词+-ever”引导让步状语从句引导让步状语从句 “疑问词 +-ever”类词 whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever， wherever，whenever， however，它们可引导让步状语从句，通常可以转换为“no matter + 疑问词”。 Whatever（=No matter what）happens，we must keep calm. 无论发 生什么，我们都必须保持镇定。 Wherever（=No matter where）I go，I always meet interesting people. 无论我去哪里，我总会遇见有趣的人
25、。 However（=No matter how）carefully I explained，she still didnt understand. 无论我解释得多么仔细，她仍然不明白。 【学法点拨】 whatever，whichever，whoever，whomever 还可引导名词性从句，此时不能转换为“no matter + 疑问词”。 You can take whichever book you like. 你可以拿你喜欢的任何一本书。 Ill take whoever wants to go. 谁想去我就带谁去。 完成句子完成句子 （ 1 ） She has the window
26、open ， _ （不管多冷）outside. （2）_（不管你怎么努力尝试） ，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat. （3） _ （无论她去哪里） ， there are crowds of people waiting to see her. （4）We promise_（无论谁参加晚会）a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star. （5） Your support is important to our work._ （无论你能做什么）helps.
