1、RhinologyNasal dissection and physiology dissection鼻（Nose)lExternal noselNasal cavitylNasal sinusesDissection external noseShape of external nose：pyramidlNasal rootlNasal apexlNasal bridgelNasal dorsumlAlae nasilBasis nasi anterior nares，columella nasi，nasolabial foldDissection external nose nose st
2、retcher：boneprefrontal bone nasal bone ascending processes of the maxillae palatine process Pyriform aperturenose stretcher ：cartilagelateral nasal cartilage greater alar cartilageDissection external noseThe venous drainage of the external noselThese veins mainly drain to internal carotid vein via a
3、ngular vein and facial vein，but angular vein communicate to cavernous sinus via the the ophthalmic veins。lfacial vein - no valve。 danger triangle of faceDissection nasal cavitylNasal vestibulelnasal cavity 鼻的应用解剖鼻的应用解剖 鼻腔鼻腔Dissection nasal cavity nostril、choanae internal、external、top、bottomNasal cav
4、itytop: anterior: prefrontal bone nasal bone posterior: anterior wall of sphenoid sinus intermediate: cribriform platebottom: 1.palatine process of maxilla 2.horizontal process of palate bone Dissectionmedial wall of nasal cavity lNasal septum：cartilage of nasal septum, lamina plate of ethmoid bone
5、and vomer。lNosebleed area：the branches of arteries aggregate in intramembrane of nasal septum ,easy to bleeding ,so named Little area.Lateral wall of nasal cavity lThree turbinates dispose like ladder(superior, middle,inferior turbinate)lsuperior,middle, inferior meatusLateral wall of nasal cavityIn
6、ferior turbinate and inferior meatus:middle turbinate and middle meatus :Lamella of middle turbinate(devide ethmoid sinus to anterior part and posterior part)The gap between the nasal septum and free margin of turbinate ,named meatus of noseLateral nasal passageFrontal sinus drain to anterior superi
7、or part of ethmoidal infundibulum via nasofrontal duct , second drainage is anterior part of ethmoid sinus，last open is maxillary sinus.uncinate process，ethmoid bulla，semilunar hiatus ，ethmoidal infundibulumDissection lOstiomeatal complex,OMC： middle turbinate and middle meatus ，and other anatomical
8、 structure, anatomy basis of Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, FESS .Dissectionlartery：lexternal carotid arteryMaxillary Artery Inferior part of nasal cavitylinternal carotid arteryophthalmic arteryanterior ethmoid artery/posterior ethmoid arterysuperior part of nasal cavity DissectionSINUSESlNas
9、al sinusesanterior sinuses apertures maxillary sinus middle meatusanterior ethmoid sinus middle meatusfrontal sinus middle meatus posterior sinuses aperturesposterior ethmoid sinus superiormeatusSphenoid sinus recessus sphenoethmoidalisDISSECTION maxillary sinus anterior wallcanine fossa posterior s
10、ide wallnear internal pterygoid muscle superior wallorbital plate foot wallalveolar process（odontogenic maxillary sinusitis） medial wallhard to drain because of high aperturelfrontal sinuslethmoid sinuslsphenoid sinusNose skull homologic anatomylanterior cranial fossa: hanging wall of nasal cavity m
11、idpiece，posterior wall of frontal sinus, hanging wall of ethmoid sinuslmiddle cranial fossa： hanging wall/ lateral wall of sphenoid sinus （pituitary gland、cavernous sinus、 internal carotid artery ）Nose oral homologic anatomylposterior side wall of maxillary sinus ：internal pterygoid musclelFootwall
12、of maxillary sinus ：second bicuspid and first molar、second molarlFoot wall of nasal cavity：pars palatalisNasal physiologylNasal cavity physiologylrespiratory functionlaminar flow AND turbulent flow nasal airway resistance AND nasal cycle lProtection functioncleaning and filtration，warming and moisturizinglolfactory functionlresonant functionNasal physiologylNasal sinuses physiology resonant function ，lighten weight and keep head balance
