1、Book 6 unit 2 Out of this worldReading 2I. phrases 1.结束2.在太空3.我确信；我敢打赌4.与不同5.失重6.喜爱；附属于7.常规任务，日常工作8.进行科学研究9.也；和一样10.从事,致力于come to an endin spaceI betdiffer fromthe absence of gravitybe attached toroutine tasksconduct scientific researchas well as work on11.使进一步了解12.在这种情况下；既然这样13.出去14.电击15.鉴于；考虑到16.
2、是一种奢侈17.对来说很重要18.严格约束自己做某事19.紧贴着；粘到上20.指导做某事 cast new light onin the circumstanceshead outelectric shocksin view of Its a luxury to do be of vital importance todiscipline oneself to dobe glued toguide to doII. key words 1. Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so t
3、hat we dont float around.absence U.不存在；缺乏不存在；缺乏 ; U./C. 缺席缺席 _（adj）完成句子(1)老师已经把鲍勃经常缺课的情况告知了他的父母。 The teacher has informed Bobs parents of his frequent_.(2)缺乏责任感，什么工作也完不成。 _responsibility，no work can be accomplished(3)我不在时许多工作都堆到了一块儿，因此今天我只好加班了。 Much work piled up_，so I will have to work extra hours
4、todayabsentabsence from class/school In the absence of in my absence那些上课心不在焉的人很快就会在学科学习上落下，通常如此。那些上课心不在焉的人很快就会在学科学习上落下，通常如此。 _He was _(专心致志专心致志) in his book, making him _(缺席缺席) the meeting. To tell the truth, I seldom see his _(缺席缺席). As is often the case, those who are absent-minded in class will l
5、ag/fall/be left behind in academic study very soon. absorbedabsent fromabsence【拓展拓展】 absent adj. 缺席的缺席的, 不在的不在的, 缺乏的缺乏的present adj. (反义词反义词)出席的出席的be absent from 缺席缺席be present at 出席出席absence from work/school 缺勤缺勤/缺课缺课absence of mind 心不在焉心不在焉in ones absencein the absence of 在某人不在时在某人不在时in the absence
6、 of 因缺乏因缺乏summaryDue to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we dont float around. attach v.附加，附着 ; vt. 喜欢、依恋、固定_ n.附件 她的父母都认为教育很重要。 _In Britain, packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning_them. A.attachto B.attaching to C.attached to D. toattach
7、toHer parents both attach great importance to education.C attachment2. but the unusual beds dont bother us any more. bother vt使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力做某事；打扰使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力做某事；打扰 vi. 花费时间精力做某事花费时间精力做某事 n. 麻烦，困难麻烦，困难 bother sb. with sth. bother to do sth. 完成句子(1)今天不要麻烦为我准备晚饭了，我要在外边吃。Youdont_dinnerformetoday，Ille
8、atout(2)他总来缠着我，向我借钱，这使我很生气。Heisalways_lendhimmoney，whichmakesmeupset(3)那个淘气的男孩向我提了一大堆奇怪的问题，真烦人。Thenaughtyboy_agreatmanystrangequestionsbother to getbothering me tobothered me with3. The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding. occupy vt. 占用，使
9、用；居住；侵占；使忙于占用，使用；居住；侵占；使忙于occupation n. 工作，职业；占领工作，职业；占领完成句子(1)公共汽车上所有的座位都有人了。Alltheseatsonthebus_(2)他忙于照看三个孩子。He_threechildren(3)他既已退休，那如何打发日子呢?Howdoeshe_nowthathesretired?were occupiedis occupied in looking afteroccupy himself【拓展拓展】occupy oneself (in) doing sth./ with sth. 忙于做某事忙于做某事occupied adj.
10、有人使用的；忙于有人使用的；忙于的；被占领的的；被占领的be occupied in doing 忙于做忙于做be occupied with sth. 忙于忙于(做做)某事某事occupation, profession, career, joboccupation 泛指任何一种工作，常用于正式文件。泛指任何一种工作，常用于正式文件。profession 需要特别教育和训练的职业，如医生、需要特别教育和训练的职业，如医生、律师、教师等。律师、教师等。career多年甚至终生从事的职业。多年甚至终生从事的职业。job任何有收益的工作，指为雇主工作。任何有收益的工作，指为雇主工作。4. We n
11、eed to evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants. evaluate vt. to judge how good, useful, or successful something is 评价，评估，评价评价，评估，评价 evaluation n. 评估，估算评估，估算Fine violins by skilled old Italians can_hundreds of thousands of dollars, and prices still keep rising. A. withdraw B. fetch
12、C. evaluate D. chargeB【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。1) It can be difficult _ (evaluate) the effectiveness of different treatments.2) He does this by _ (evaluate) the strength of the evidence for each category.3) We need to carry out a proper _ (evaluate) of the new system.to evaluate evaluatingevaluation5. Ho
13、pefully, it will cast new light on the Earths climate and lead to better lightning protection. cast new light on: 使进一步了解使进一步了解 eg Human genome (人类基因组人类基因组) research is casting new light on Alzheimers disease. (翻译翻译) 人类基因组研究正进一步了解阿尔兹海默症。人类基因组研究正进一步了解阿尔兹海默症。【拓展拓展】bring sth to light 揭露；披露；暴露；揭发揭露；披露；暴露
14、；揭发cast/shed/throw light on sth 使（问题等）较容易理解使（问题等）较容易理解come to light 为人所知；变得众所周知；暴露为人所知；变得众所周知；暴露bring to light 揭露；发现；公开揭露；发现；公开in (the) light of sth 考虑到；鉴于考虑到；鉴于6. With so much going on, the space station needs a lot of maintenance, so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.with的复合
15、结构在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴的复合结构在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常做伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语。随、方式、原因、条件等状语。eg He felt more uneasy with the whole class staring at him.7. In the circumstances, its time for a spacewalk. circumstance n. the conditions in which you live, especially how much money you have 条件，状况条件，状况 circumstances 境况，境况，(尤指尤指
16、)经济状况经济状况 in the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此在这种情况下，既然如此 _ any circumstance 在任何情况下在任何情况下 _ the circumstances 在这种情况下在这种情况下 in/under no circumstances 决不；无论如何都不决不；无论如何都不inunder/in在任何情况下，坚持原则、明辨是非都是明智的行为。在任何情况下，坚持原则、明辨是非都是明智的行为。It makes sense in any circumstance to hold on to principle and distinguish righ
17、t from wrong.在任何情况下，你都不能借钱给保罗。（circumstance）_Under no circumstances should you lend Paul any money.circumstance, environment, surroundingcircumstance常用复数，指和某行动或某件事有关的客观环境和常用复数，指和某行动或某件事有关的客观环境和条件，如时间、地点等；条件，如时间、地点等；environment一般用单数，不用复数，指某人或某物周围的，并一般用单数，不用复数，指某人或某物周围的，并对人或物有影响的环境、条件，可以指精神的对人或物有影响的环境
18、、条件，可以指精神的 (如注重道德的环如注重道德的环境境)，也可指物质的，也可指物质的 (如工作环境如工作环境)，还可以指自然环境，还可以指自然环境 (如空气、如空气、水、土等水、土等)，或指人为的环境条件，或指人为的环境条件 (如经济环境如经济环境)；surrounding只用复数，指某人周围的事物或环境，这些事物与只用复数，指某人周围的事物或环境，这些事物与环境对他的思想、感情、修养有一定影响。环境对他的思想、感情、修养有一定影响。8. which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold a
19、nd radiation. exposure n. 面临，遭受；揭露；报道面临，遭受；揭露；报道expose v. 暴露，露出；揭露；使遭受；使接触；曝光暴露，露出；揭露；使遭受；使接触；曝光exposed adj. 无遮蔽的；易受攻击的；风险高的无遮蔽的；易受攻击的；风险高的夏天你最好不要让皮肤暴露在太阳下。（夏天你最好不要让皮肤暴露在太阳下。（expose）Youdbetternotexposeyourskintothesuninsummer.老师们应该让学生尽可能多地接触真实的生活环境.Teachersshould_asmanyreallifesituationsaspossible.e
20、xpose students to 9. Then we head out, and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time, with the beautiful Earth visible below. visible adj. something that is visible can be seen; an effect that is visible is great enough to be noticed 看得见的；明显的看得见的；明显的 invisible adj. 看不见的看不见的 visibly adv. 明显地明显地 eg
21、The outline of the mountains was clearly visible. The house was surrounded by trees and invisible from the road. (翻译翻译) 群山的轮廓清晰可见。群山的轮廓清晰可见。 这所房子树木环绕，从路上是看不见的。这所房子树木环绕，从路上是看不见的。10. Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think.as引导让步状语从句：表语引导让步状语从句：表语/状语状语+
22、as+从句从句。as虽然虽然；尽管尽管Although he is a boy, he likes to play with girls. _ , he likes to play with girls.Boy as he is11. In view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space.in view of: 鉴于，考虑到鉴于，考虑到_(鉴于鉴于) the quality of the _(副班长副班长), I think he is honest and faithful. In view of
23、vice monitor in view 在视野范围内；在考虑中的；作为目标point of view 观点；见地；立场in the view of 按照的观点in my view 在我看来；我认为come into view 看得见，进入视野12. Furthermore, to keep our body healthy, we must ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills. ensure v. 确保，保证确保，保证ensure sb. sth. 确保某人得到确保某人得到. ensure + thatThe medic
24、ine should ensure you a good nights sleep. Our new research strategy ensures that we get the best possible results.【语境应用语境应用】完成句子。完成句子。I fitted a new lock to _ _ (保证自行车不致失窃保证自行车不致失窃).2) The letter of introduction will _ _ (确保你被接见确保你被接见).ensure that the bicycle ensure youwould not be stolen an interv
25、iew13. Spending some time in the gym is of vital important to astronauts health. vital adj. 必不可少的，极其重要的必不可少的，极其重要的; 维持生命所需的维持生命所需的因为人们坚信食物对健康是至关重要的，所以好的厨师总是努力在因为人们坚信食物对健康是至关重要的，所以好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡 Because people hold a firm belief that food _ _ _ mans health，good cooks are always
26、 making efforts to _ balance between grains，meats and vegetablesis vital to maintain 【拓展拓展】 be vital to/for 对对是至关重要的是至关重要的 be of vital importance 至关重要至关重要 Its vital to do sth. 做某事很重要做某事很重要 Its vital that (should) do 是十分重要的是十分重要的(虚拟语气虚拟语气) play a vital role in 在在中起极其重要的作用中起极其重要的作用爱与包容对于婚姻来说至关重要。爱与包容对
27、于婚姻来说至关重要。Love and tolerance _ _ _ marriage.is vital to 14. ., we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day.discipline n. a way of training someone so that they learn to control their behavior and obey rules; the ability to control your own behavior, so that you do what you
28、 are expected to do; a way of training your mind or learning to control your behavior训练，训练，纪律；行为准则；自制力纪律；行为准则；自制力vt. to control the way you work; to punish someone; to teach someone to obey rules and control behavior严格要求；惩罚；严格要求；惩罚；训练训练eg The book gives parents advice on discipline. Working from hom
29、e requires a good deal of discipline. The officers were later disciplined. Different cultures have different ways of disciplining their children. Try to discipline yourself to write every day. (翻译翻译) 这本书向父母提供了管教方面的建议。这本书向父母提供了管教方面的建议。 在家上班要具备良好的自制力。在家上班要具备良好的自制力。 那些官员后来受到了处罚。那些官员后来受到了处罚。 要想办法约束自己每天写
30、作。要想办法约束自己每天写作。 不同的文化有不同的管教儿童的方法。不同的文化有不同的管教儿童的方法。15. During our leisure time, theres nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by. leisure n. time when you are not working/ studying and can relax and do things you enjoy 空闲；闲暇空闲；闲暇 at ones lei
31、sure 空闲时空闲时 eg Most people now enjoy shorter working hours and more leisure time. Take the leaflets home and read them at your leisure.【语境应用语境应用】翻译句子。翻译句子。1) 现在看电影是国民最普遍的消遣活动。现在看电影是国民最普遍的消遣活动。 Watching film is now the nations most popular leisure activity.2) 他空闲时会阅读所有的全国性报纸。他空闲时会阅读所有的全国性报纸。 He could
32、 read all the national papers at his leisure.An astronaut has written a journal entry about an experiment in the space lab. Complete the journal entry with the correct forms of the words and phrases in the box below.visible circumstance absence cast new light onbother evaluate mission of vital impor
33、tanceOn the space station, one of the main _ of astronauts is to do experiments. Some experiments aim to _ the effects of low gravity. We are currently working on an experiment: how to grow vegetables in space.It is difficult to keep food fresh longer than 18 months in space, so growing vegetables i
34、s _ for longer space missions. Hopefully, this experiment will _ space farming and allow us to set up permanent bases on other planets, such as Mars. Despite these _ benefits, there are many challenges.missionsof vital importancecast new light onvisibleevaluateOne challenge is that the environment i
35、n space is altogether different from that back on the Earth. In normal _, plants grow upwards. However, because of the near _ of gravity in space, there is no such thing as “up” or “down”. Fortunately, a special kit has been developed. It contains special “bags”, which provide the soil and nutrients
36、 for plants. The seeds in the bag are glued to a special material that will guide them to grow in the right direction. Another thing that _ us is the safety of eating the vegetables grown in space. We need to do a scientific analysis after the space-grown vegetables are sent to the Earth.circumstanc
37、esabsencebothersAnswer the questions.1. Why are the astronauts experimenting on growing vegetables in space? It is difficult to keep food fresh longer than 18 months in space. Additionally, this experiment will cast new light on space farming and allow for setting up permanent bases on other planets
38、.2. What are the challenges of growing vegetables in space? One challenge is that the environment in space is different from that on the Earth. Another challenge is the safety of eating vegetables grown in space.The lecture transcript uses the words in the table below. Complete the table with word f
39、rom the same word family. Then try to think of more word families.VerbsNounsAdjectivesAdverbsadventuredifferdefinitelyrewardingremarkableVerbsNounsAdjectivesAdverbsadventuredifferdefinitelyrewardingremarkableadventureadventurousadventurouslydifferencedifferentdifferentlydefinedefinitiondefinite, def
40、iningrewardrewardrewardinglyremarkremarkremarkablyVerbsNounsAdjectivesAdverbsexperimenthopespacedreamsleepexperimentexperimentalexperimentallyhopehopefulhopefullyspacespaciousspaciouslydream, dreamerdreamydreamilysleep, sleepersleepysleepilyThe lecture transcript uses pronouns like “it”, “that” and
41、“they” to improve cohesion. Find the sentences using these pronounce in the lecture transcript. Then try to improve the sentences below using proper pronouns.We often use pronouns to refer to thins, people or ideas that have just been mentioned. It is an effective way to improve the cohesion of our
42、writing.it指代前面提到过的事物，指代前面提到过的事物，they是它的复数形式。是它的复数形式。that既可指代单既可指代单数可数名词，也可以替代不可数名词，数可数名词，也可以替代不可数名词，those是它的复数形式。是它的复数形式。Life on the space station may seem strange and difficult at first but you will adjust to life on the space station. When you feel lonely, you contact your family and friends back
43、on the Earth. Contacting them can make you feel better.itFind the sentences with pronouns like “it”, “that” and “they” in the lecture transcript and understand what they refer to. ThatMy six-month stay on a space station has come to an end, and it has been a challenging but magical adventure.I bet y
44、oud love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth.The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding.Im working on one experiment which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the Earth. Hopefu
45、lly, it will cast new light on the Earths. spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. Its probably the most dangerous work, with potential risks such as electric shocks.Thats why every spacewalk is carefully planned. Salt and pepper are only in liquid form, so that they will not float off and block the air pipes.the fact that spacewalking is probably the most dangerous work
