1、*At the teachers*？*afford a) ( = to be able to buy or pay for) 买得起， 付得起, 通常和can, could, be able to 连用1） 他买得起轿车。2） Thanks to buy the success of the business, we can afford a cottage. 3) 你买得起这个样品。不是很贵。 He can afford (to buy) a car.多亏了生意兴隆，我们今年能够买一幢别墅。You can afford this model. Its not very expensive.
2、*b) ( = to be able to spend time ,give, do, etc, without serious loss or damage表示“抽出 时间，能够常和 can, be able to, could 连用1） 我抽不出三周休假时间。2） 我最近没有去看过电影。我抽不出时间。I cant afford three weeks away from work. I havent been to the cinema recently/lately. I cant afford the time. *nervous (= restless or uneasy) 紧张的；
3、害怕的1） 考试使我感到紧张。2） 他害怕陌生人。3） 别紧张大夫不会弄痛你的。4） 她对乘飞机旅行感到紧张。Examinations make me nervous. Hes nervous of strangers.Dont be nervous - the doctor wont hurt you. She was nervous about travelling by air. *Look up a) (= to raise ones head) 抬头 我抬起头来看时，见到有学生静静地看着我。 b) (= to search or consult) 查阅，查找 你应该在字典上查一下这个
4、单词。When I looked up, I saw five students watching me quietly. You should look the word up in the dictionary. *interrupt (= stop or make a break) 打断，停止1）他打断了我的话。2） 他们停止了工作，以便吃午饭。3） 你打断了我的思路。He interrupted me while I was speaking.He interrupted his work to eat his lunch. You interrupted my thoughts. *
5、 secretary 秘书秘书 nervous 紧张的紧张的 afford 负担得起负担得起 weak 弱的弱的 interrupt 打断、插话打断、插话*1、The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. Direct speech and indirect speech 直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语*例如：例如：约翰说：约翰说：“我喜欢看故事书。我喜欢看故事书。”（直接引语）John said， “I like reading story books.”约翰说他喜欢看故事书。约翰说他喜欢看故事书。（间接引语）John
6、said that he liked reading story books.他说：他说：“我我非常喜欢它。非常喜欢它。”He said， “I like it very much.”他说他说他他非常喜欢它。非常喜欢它。He said that he liked it very much.*定义定义A.直接引述别人的话，叫直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引直接引语语”。B.用自己的话转述别人的话，叫用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语间接引语”。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。不用引号。
7、*(一一)人称的转变人称的转变 He said，“I am very sorry. ”He said that he was very sorry. 直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称， “You should be more careful next time, ”my father told me. My father told me that I should be more careful the next time. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称转换为第一
8、人称 *She said to her son, “Ill check your homework tonight. ” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称转换成第三人称。 He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?” He asked me whet
9、her I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等， 总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。符合逻辑。 *Practice:1.He said,”I am ready for the interview.”2.“You can telephone the police,”I told him.3.“I havent
10、brought my resume,”the student said.4.He said,” I have left my resume in your room.”He said (that) he was ready for the interview.I told him that he could telephone the police.The student said (that) he hadnt brought his resume.He told me that he had left his resume in my room*Summarize:状语变化有其内在规律，时
11、间状语由状语变化有其内在规律，时间状语由“现在现在”改为改为“原来原来” ;指示代词由指示代词由“此此”改为改为“彼彼” .时间时间now today yesterday tomorrow last week(month) next year two days ago then that day the day before the next(following)day the week(month)before the next yeartwo days before *She said, “Ill finish the work this morning.”He said, “Its ni
12、ne oclock now.”He said, “I havent seen her today.”She said, “Iwent there yesterday.”She said, “Ill go there tomorrow.”She said, “He leftt 30 minutes ago.”（二）状语及（二）状语及某些对比性的指示代词某些对比性的指示代词的变化的变化Chang the following direct speech into indirect speech.She said that she would finish the work that morning.
13、He said that it was nine oclock then.He said that he hadnt seen her that day.She said that she had gone there the day before.She said that she would go there the next day.She told me that he had left 30 minutes before.*地点状语：地点状语： here there 指示代词指示代词 this these that those 动词：动词： come bring go take *P
14、ractice:Chang the following sentences into indirect speech.She said, “I wont go there any more. He said, “This will be finished tomorrow. ” Paul said, “I visited China last year. ” He said, “My sister was here one week ago.”She said she wouldnt come here any more. He said that would be finished the
15、next day. Paul said he had visited China the year before. He said that his sister had beenthere one week before.*n时态的变化时态的变化Direct speech（直接引语） 一般现在时一般现在时 一般将来时一般将来时 一般过去时一般过去时 现在进行时现在进行时 现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去进行时过去进行时 Indirect speech（间接引语）一般过去时过去将来时过去完成时过去进行时过去完成时不变直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，直接引语
16、改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句从句( (即间接引语部分即间接引语部分) )的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化，原则是把直接引语的时态推后一个过去时原则是把直接引语的时态推后一个过去时 Summarize:*(三三)时态的转换时态的转换 She said. We hope so.”She said they hoped so. She said. I have lost a pen.”She said she had lost a pen She said. He will go to see his friend.”She said he
17、 would go to see his friend. He said， “Im using the knife.”He said that he was using the knife.He said， “I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished the homework before supper.*变宾语从句须注变宾语从句须注意意都有引导词都有引导词语序正常语序正常时态对应时态对应肯定句否定句肯定句否定句一般疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句特殊疑问句陈述句语序陈述句语序thatIf/wheth
18、er特殊疑问词特殊疑问词注意：当主句是过去时时注意：当主句是过去时时exercises*确定从句的时态确定从句的时态(根据主句时态根据主句时态)主句时态主句时态从从 句句 时时 态态连连 接接 前前连连 接接 后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去一般过去时时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时*注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略e.g. I hear (that) _. （一
19、小时后他会回来）一小时后他会回来）He said (that) _. （他非常想念我们）他非常想念我们）The teacher told us (that) _. 1. （地球围着太阳转）地球围着太阳转） he will be back in an hour he missed us very much the earth moves around the sun注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从注意：当从句是客观真理的时候，无论主句什么时态，从句一律用一般现在时句一律用一般现在时*由连接代词由连接代词what, whom, whose, which, what及连接及连接副词
20、副词 when, where, how, why引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句when well have a meetingwhere he ishow I can get to the stationwhy the train is latewho could answer the questionwhose handwriting was the best in the class1. He asked _. (谁能回答这个问题谁能回答这个问题）2. Do you know_. （他们在等谁他们在等谁）3. He asked _. （谁的书法是班上最好的谁的书法是班上最好的）6. Plea
21、se tell me _. （我们什么时候开会我们什么时候开会）7. Can you tell me _. （他在哪儿他在哪儿）8. Could you tell me _. （我该怎么去车站我该怎么去车站）9. Would you tell me _（为什么火车迟到了为什么火车迟到了） whom they are waiting for*由从属连词由从属连词whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句e.g. 1. I want to know _. （他是否跟我们一起去公园）他是否跟我们一起去公园）2. Ask him _. （他是否能来）他是否能来）3. I dont know
22、_.（是否要下雨）是否要下雨） if (whether) he will go to the park with us whether (if) he can come whether it is going to rain or not当句末为当句末为or not时，引导词只能用时，引导词只能用whether而不能用而不能用if.*将下列句子合并为一句将下列句子合并为一句: :1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you say at the meeting? Could you tell me?3. Do they
23、like to make friends with us? He asked. 4. “ I am doing my homework.” He said. 5. “I will come back.” Tom said. I asked where they stopped on the way.Could you tell me what you will sayat the meeting?He asked if they liked to make friends with them.He said that he was doing his homework.Tom said tha
24、t he would come back.*6. “Is he doing his homework?” Jim asked. 7. “When will he come back?” Tom asked. 8. “How can I get to the station?” Could you tell me?9. “Why is the train late?” Would you tell me?10. “Where is Tom?” They asked. Tom asked when he would come back.Could you tell me how I can get
25、 to the station?Would you tell me why the train is late?They asked where Tom was. Jim asked if he was doing his homework.*If 与whether 的区别I dont know _ he will come or not.I dont care of _ he is handsome.He wondered _ to stay here the next week._ he will come is not decided. 与与or not 连用只能用连用只能用whethe
26、r介词后只能用介词后只能用whether与与to do 不定式连用只能用不定式连用只能用whether作主语只能用作主语只能用whether*宾语从句宾语从句，是指由一个句子充当主，是指由一个句子充当主 句动词或动词短语的宾语。句动词或动词短语的宾语。E.g.I know that this is an interesting book.Could you tell me how long you have been here? *2、I felt very nervous when I went into his office. “感觉感觉”类类:与五种感觉器官相关的动词与五种感觉器官相关的
27、动词.常见的常见的有有: look(看起来看起来)， feel(摸上去摸上去)，smell(闻起来闻起来) , taste(尝起来尝起来)，sound(听起来听起来)等。等。 例如例如: What he says sounds (like) a good idea. Those oranges taste good.She looks much younger in her red dress. *feel 作系动词的用法作系动词的用法 1. 表表”某物体给人的感觉某物体给人的感觉”,只用一般现在或过去只用一般现在或过去时时 2. 表表”主语自身的感觉主语自身的感觉”, 用于各种时态用于各种时
28、态 - How are you today? - Oh, I havent felt as ill as I do now for a long time. Im feeling a little better today.Silk feels soft.*Choose the best answer 1. The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. A. was felt B. is felt C. felt *Choose the best answer2. He shook his head _ a
29、nd looked _ when he was told the bad news. A.sadly; sadly B.sad; sad C.sadly; sad D. sad; sadly*Choose the best answer3. I love to go to the forest in summer. It _ good to walk in the forest or sit in the shade of trees. A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes*Choose the best answer4. -I was wondering if
30、we could go skating on the weekend. -_ good. A.Sound B.Sounded C.Sounding D.Sounds*3、He did not look up from his desk when I entered. He looked_ from his book when he heard a noise. uplook up表示原先在埋头干什么，之后抬头看表示原先在埋头干什么，之后抬头看She looked the word_ in a dictionary. up英语里，表达英语里，表达“查词典查词典”，常见的词语就是，常见的词语就是l
31、ook up 知识拓展知识拓展Dont look _ _ others.down on/uponlook down upon/on sb. 瞧不起某人瞧不起某人*4、After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. 1、 Its my _not _(you). 这是我的事不是你的。businessyours2、He has _onfora week.他已经出差一周了。busibess事情事情beenbusinessgo on business出差出差*5、He told me that the firm could not af
32、ford to pay such large salaries. such和和so的用法的用法 1、Last time I saw him he was_ fat!2、He was not _much angry as disappointed.sososo是副词，意思为是副词，意思为“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地地”，主要用来修饰形容词、副词和分词。，主要用来修饰形容词、副词和分词。 *1、However did you make _ a mistake?2、I have never heard of _ a thing.3、Why are you in _ a
33、 hurry?suchsuchsuch 直接跟名词时，用直接跟名词时，用such； *1、_ things often happen in our daily life.2、_ people are dangerous.3、Whales are _smart animals that they communicate with each other.4、He made _ stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper.SuchSuchsuchsuch后接可数名词的复数形式或集合名词，无论有后接可数名词的复数形式或集合名词，无论
34、有无修饰语都用无修饰语都用such， *1、Did you ever see _ weather?2、You cant drink _hot milk.3、She made _ rapid progress that she soon began to write articles in English.suchsuchsuch后接不可数名词，无论有无修饰语都用后接不可数名词，无论有无修饰语都用such， *1、I have never seen _ a tall man.2、I have never seen _tall a man.3、He is not _ a clever boy as
35、 his brother.4、He is not _clever a boy as his brother.suchsosuchso跟带有形容词的名词时，既可以用跟带有形容词的名词时，既可以用such，也可，也可以用以用so，但应注意冠词位置的不同，但应注意冠词位置的不同， so+adj+a/an +n.such+a/an +adj +n.*6、I knew that my turn had come. 1. Its your turn _(recite) the passage. 轮到你背诵这篇课文了。 to recite Its ones turn to do. 表示表示“轮到某人做某轮到
36、某人做某事。事。” 1. Take turns_( offer) each other the food in Part 2 in pairs. 两人一组，轮流请对方吃第二部分列出的食物。 2. We take turns_ (make) dinner. 我们轮流做晚饭。to offerto make take turns to do， 表示表示“轮流做某事轮流做某事” *7、Mr.Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice. in a voice 用的声音 in a loud(大声)/low (低声)/weak(强调心里不踏实)/strong(理直气壮) voice
37、*8、Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra thousand pounds a year! 以下几个词都可表示以下几个词都可表示 “再再, 又又” 的意思的意思, 注意用法注意用法 : an extra thousand(作名词看作名词看) 数量数量+extra+名词名词 再有多少再有多少 On Sundays, I usually get some extra sleep. Last month, he was paid an extra hundred pounds. two others = two other +名词名词
38、 two more Give me two extra/other/more books. 再给我两本书。再给我两本书。 once more: 再一次再一次 another three days 另外三天（只有另外三天（只有another 的数词在的数词在后面）后面）*He told me that the firm could not afford to pay much large salaries.afford f:d v. 提供提供,供应得起供应得起,给予给予 词形变化词形变化: 动词过去式动词过去式:afforded 过去分词过去分词:afforded 现在分词现在分词:afford
39、ing 第三人称单数第三人称单数:affords 例句与用法例句与用法: 1. I cant afford a holiday this summer. 今年夏天我无法度假。今年夏天我无法度假。 2. These trees afford a pleasant shade. 这些树提供了荫凉。这些树提供了荫凉。 3. We would give more examples if we could afford the space. 假如假如 我们能匀出篇幅来我们能匀出篇幅来, 就可以多举些例子了就可以多举些例子了. 4. Id love to go on holiday but I cant
40、afford the time. 我倒想去度假我倒想去度假, 可是抽不出时间来可是抽不出时间来. 5. Television affords pleasure to many. 电视给很多人带来乐趣电视给很多人带来乐趣.6. They walked because they couldnt afford (to take) a taxi. 他们因为坐不起计程车而步行他们因为坐不起计程车而步行. * The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworthwould see me. I felt very nervous when I went into his off
41、ice. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. “Mr. Harmsworth,” I said in a weak voice. “Dont interrupt,” he
42、 said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive extra thousand pounds a year!*Summary writing Mr. Harmsworth wanted to see me. I felt very nervous about this. I went into his office. He said business was bad. The firm could not pay such large salaries. Twenty people had left already. He did not as
43、k me to leave as well. He offered me an extra 1,000 a year. (53 words)* Lesson 15 Good news 佳音佳音 The secretary _me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very _when I went _his office. He did not look _from his desk when I_. After I had sat_, he said that _was very bad. He told me that the _could not afford to_ such large salaries. Twenty people had already_. I knew that my _had come. Mr. Harmsworth, I said in a _voice. Dont_, he said. Then he _and told me I would receive an _thousand pounds _year!toldnervousintoupentereddownbusinessfirm payleftturnweakinterrupt smiledextraa*
