1、中考总复习： 被动语态一、被动语态的意义:当句子的主语是动作的_时，谓语要用主动语态(the Active voice)。当句子的主语是动作的_时，谓语要用被动语态(the Passive Voice)。1.Lots of people speak English in the world主（执行者） 谓 宾(承受者)English is spoken by lots of people in the world.2. My aunt invited me to her dinner party.主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinne
2、r party.主语 谓语 宾语二、被动语态的构成:be+ done(_的过去分词)+ by, be有人称和数的变化。当没有必要指出动作的执行者时，介词by 短语可以_.1. English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 2. A hospital was built in our hometown last year.（一）各种时态的被动语态: 1一般现在时am/is/are+p.pClass meeting _every Thursday每周四召开班会。2一般过去时 was/were+p.pThese cups _by the boy.
3、 这些茶杯杯这个男孩打碎了。3一般将来时 will +be+p.pA speech _(give) next week. 4.含有情态动词的被动语态: can/may/should/must/need/could/might+p.p1)Good books _again and again. 好书应该被反复读。2)Your homework _after class. 你的作业必须在课后交上。3)My shirt _now. 我的衬衫不必现在洗。时态主动语态被动语态结构例句一般现在时态动词原形或者三单is/am/ are+动词的过去分词You are asked to stand up.一般过
4、去时态动词的过去式was/were+动词的过去分词The story was told by her.情态动词canmaymust + 动原shouldcouldCanmaymust be +动词的过去分词shouldcouldThe problem must be solved soon.现在进行时态be + ingis/am /are）being+过去分词The bridge is being built .现在完成时态have(has)+动词的过去分词have(has) been+的过去分词The novel has been read.一般将来时态will+动词原形will be+过去
5、分词The problem will be discussed tomorrow.三、被动语态的用法：(the usage of the Passive Voice.)1. 含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，但通常把间接宾语作主语，如果将直接宾语作为主语，要在间接宾语的前面加上to或for.需要借助 to 的动词有 give，lend，bring，show,tell,write,send,hand,teach,offer,sell, return, throw，pass，take 等;需要借助 for 的动词有 buy，cook， draw，get，mak
6、e，do，choose，order，sing等。1). He gave me a book. I _a book./A book _me.2).He bought me a new bike yesterday.I _a new bike yesterday./A new bike _me yesterday.2. 如果主句中的宾语补足语为不带to的不定式，在被动句中要加上to。常见的动词为：一感( feel)二听(listen to，hear)三让(make, let ,have)四看(look at, see, watch, notice)口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态
7、to离去,被动语态to回来动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth sb + be +made +to do sth(l) His father makes him study all day.He is made to study all day.(2) We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar.(3) He made the boy work for two hours yesterday.The boy _wor
8、k for two hours yesterday.3. 短语动词变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语 动词的介词或副词。1). We should take good care of the children.The children should _.2) . We should speak to old men politely.Old men should _ politely.4.不及物动词（vi.）不用被动语态如: happen, appear, disappear ,take place,1) A traffic accident _(happen) just now. 2) She
9、 _ (disappear) from the garden.5.连系动词（Link.v.)如：look, sound, smell, taste, feel+ adj(形容词)时,本身已含有被动含义,不用被动语态。1).The flowers _sweet.这些花闻起来很香。2).The story _ interesting这个故事听起来很有趣。3).The piece of cloth _ soft这块布摸起来很柔软。6. 当某些动词表示事物的自然属性时,不用被动语态:1).The pen _ (write) very fast.这支笔书写流利。2).This kind of sweat
10、er _ (sell) well.这种毛衣很畅销。3). This kind of sweater _(sell out) yesterday.这种毛衣昨天就被买光了。4)This coat _(wash) well.这件大衣很耐洗。7. 不及物短语动词不用被动语态：come true , belong to, run out , take place, come out, break down.1). My dream _ . 我的梦想已经实现了。2). My money _.我的钱已经用光了。3).Great changes _ in our hometown.我的家乡已经发生了很大的变化
11、。4). His new book _next month.他的新书将在下个月出版。四、 巧记被动语态用法：我的变化很生动，主语执行用主动，主语承受用被动。间宾前加 for 或to,感官使役还原to。短语动词是一家，千万不要拆散它。不及物动词无被动，不要把我误来用。系形组合含被动，无需再来变被动。sell, write与wash,表动作有被动，表属性无被动。run out, come out与come true,汉语思维像被动，英语思维无被动。( )1.When _ the accident _?A. was ,happen B. did, happen C. is, happen D. wa
12、s, happened( )2. The bridges_ two years ago.A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( )3. This work _at once A. neednt be done B. need to do C. need do D. need done( ) 4. Computers _ all over the world. A. is used B. are using C. are used D. used to( )5. Great changes_ in the past ten years i
13、n China. A. took place B. have taken place C. have been taken place D. had taken place( )6. Salt in all supermarkets _ yesterday. A. sells out B.selling out C.was sold out D.were sold out( )7. Her voice _sweet. A. is sounded B. is heard C. sounds D. sounding( )8.The book _well. A. is sold B. sells C
14、. sell D. selling. ( )9.A birthday present _ me by my mother . A.bought B.was bought C.was bought for D.was bought to( )10. An apple _ me. A. was given B. was given to C. was gave to D. were given to( )11.The book _ by his mother .A.cant be written B.can be not written C.cant be wrote D.be written (
15、 )12. Must the old people _ politely? A.are spoken to B.be spoken C.speak to D.be spoken to ( )13.This English song_ by the girls after class.A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung( )14. Who was the book_? A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by( )15. Our room must _ clean
16、. A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep( ) 16. Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need .B. are needing .C. are needed .D. will need( ) 17. Japanese _ in every country. A.is not spoken B.are spoken C.is speaking D. is not speaking( )18.The flowers_often. A. must be water B. must be watere
17、d C. must watered D. must water( )19 Old people must _. A.look after well B.be looked well after C.looked well after D.be looked after well( )20.The teacher made him_ his homework. A. to do B. do C. did D. done( )21.The story books_ by the writer in the 1960s. A.are written B.were written C.are writ
18、ing D.were writing( )22 The books may_ for two weeks. A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow( ) 23 The bridges_ two years ago. A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built( ) 24. The old bridge in my hometown_ next month.A. is going to be built B. will built C. are going to be built D. are g
19、oing to built( ) 25. Jane _ to sing us an American song last Saturday. A. called B.was asked C.told D.was said( ) 26.Great changes_ in the past ten years /during the past 20 years in China. A.took place B have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place( )27 .The important meeting _ on a col
20、d morning last year. A. was have B. was held C. held D. had( ) 28. The apple_very sweet. A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. are tasting( )29.You_ more beautiful in the light blue shirt. A. see B. watch C. look D. look at( )30. The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.A. was made to clean B. mad
21、e clean C. made to clean D. was made clean( ) 31. These children_dance. A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to把下列句子变成被动语态1. They washed clothes every dayClothes _ _ _ _every day.2. We planted many trees last year.Many trees_ _ last year.3.Kate should take her brother to the zoo. Her
22、 brother _ _ _to the zoo4.My parents will visit my grandfather tomorrow. My grandfather _ _ _by my parents tomorrow.5.The girl has finished her homework. Her homework_ _ _by the girl.6. You can look up these words in the dictionary.These words _ _ _ _ in the dictionary.7. We should speak to the old
23、politely.The old people _ _ _ _politely.8. His father makes him study all day.He is made _ _ all da,9.We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard _ _ the guitar.10.I heard her sing the English song yesterday. She _ _ _ _the English song yesterday.11.Did they win the football match yesterday
24、?_the football match _ by them yesterday?12.Did they build a tall building last year?_ a tall building_ by _last year?13.Her friend give her a pen yesterday.A pen _ _ _her by her friend yesterday. She_ _a pen by her friend yesterday.14.She buys her son some milk every day.Some milk_ _ _ her son by h
25、er every day，Her son _ _ some milk by her every day15.Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态）A new pen _ _ _ her by her motherShe _ _ a new pen by her mother用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Rice _ _ (grow) in the south. 2.The long bridge _ _ _(build) in two months.3.The bike _ _ _ (must not put) here. 4.English_ _( spea
26、k) as a second language in some countries.5.The classroom_ _(clean) by the students every day.6.Who _ the book_ (write) by?7.The stars_ _ _ (can not see) in the daytime.8._ the book _ _( return) yet?9.The key_ _(leave) on the table when I got out.10.The students _often _ (tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.4
