1、SurfaceUnit 2 Grammar and usage临武二中 曾云芳Enjoy a songShe is the one that you never forget她就是那个你忘不了的人啊她就是那个你忘不了的人啊She is the heaven-sent angel you met她是来自天堂的天使她是来自天堂的天使Oh,she must be the reason why God made a girl哦，她才是真正的原因，上帝为什么造女孩哦，她才是真正的原因，上帝为什么造女孩What kinds of clauses are they？在复合句中，如作定语（修饰或限制一个名词或
2、代词的在复合句中，如作定语（修饰或限制一个名词或代词的成分）的是一个从句，该从句被称为成分）的是一个从句，该从句被称为定语从句定语从句。一般说。一般说来，在句子中起修饰或限制作用的都是由形容词所充来，在句子中起修饰或限制作用的都是由形容词所充当，故定语从句又称为形容词性从句。定语从句分为两当，故定语从句又称为形容词性从句。定语从句分为两种：种：限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和和非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句。The boy who is wearing a black coat bought an iPod yesterday.2.Related concepts先行词先行词关系词关系词关系词
3、：连接定语从句和主句并在关系词：连接定语从句和主句并在定语中起作用的词。定语中起作用的词。先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词（组）。先行词：定语从句所修饰的名词或代词（组）。关系词关系词先行词先行词The boy who is wearing a black coat bought an iPod yesterday.定语从句定语从句修饰修饰the boyExamplesentences He is the man Please pass me the book The package is about to come unwrapped.Beijing is the placewhom/th
4、at I saw yesterday.whose cover is green.which/that you are carrying where I was born.关系词关系词指代指代充当成分充当成分关系关系代词代词人或物人或物主、宾、表主、宾、表物物主、宾主、宾人人主、宾主、宾人人宾宾人或物人或物定语定语关系关系副词副词地点地点状语状语时间时间原因原因thatwhichwhowhomwhosewherewhenwhy3.NON-RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES非限制性定语从句RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES限制性定语从句Water,whi
5、ch is a liquid,has many uses.The boy who is wearing a black coat bought an iPod yesterday.形式上：形式上：限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：_逗号逗号 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:_:_逗号逗号Restrictive relative clauseNon-restrictive relative clauses无无有有I like the girl who is wearing a smile.修饰限制，修饰限制，译为译为“的的”I like the girl,who is wearing a smi
6、le.补充说明，补充说明，译成并列句译成并列句作用上：作用上：限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：_，译为译为_。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:_:_，可译为，可译为_。修饰限制修饰限制“.的的”补充说明补充说明并列句并列句We admire the man who wears a black suit.不能去不能去掉掉We admire the man,who wears a black suit.能去掉意义上：意义上：限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句：去掉后句意去掉后句意_。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:去掉后句意去掉后句意_。不完整不完整完整完整This is the best nov
7、el that I have ever read.The novel,which I read last night,is very interesting.先行词是名先行词是名词或代词词或代词The novel is very interesting,which made me very glad.先行词可以先行词可以是名词或代是名词或代词，也可以词，也可以是句子是句子先行词上：先行词上：限制性定语从句：先行词可以是限制性定语从句：先行词可以是_。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:先行词可以是先行词可以是_,_,也可也可以是以是_。名词或代词名词或代词名词或代词名词或代词句子句子Dong j
8、iang hu is a very beautiful place (which)many travelers visit every year.Dong jiang hu,which many travelers visit every year,is a very beautiful place.关系词上：关系词上：限制性定语从句：在从句中作宾语时限制性定语从句：在从句中作宾语时_省略。省略。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句:在从句中作宾语时在从句中作宾语时_省略省略。可以可以不可以不可以 I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Di
9、d you have anything(that)you want to say for yourself?(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much,none,some 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。2.2.在限制性定语从句中，在限制性定语从句中，thatthat和和whichwhich在指物的情况下一般在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用但在下列情况下，一般用thatthat而不用而不用whichwhich。1.1.在在非非限制性定语从句中，限制性定语从句中，不使用不使用that
10、that。This is the very bus(that)Im waiting for.The only thing(that)we can do is(to)give you some money.Ive read all the books that are not mine.(2)先行词被先行词被the only,the very(恰恰，正好恰恰，正好),the same,the last,all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。(3)先行词是序数词或被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词是序数词或被序数词或最高级修饰时。This train i
11、s the last that will go to Suzhou.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the most interesting film(that)Ive seen.Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(4)当先行词既有人又有物时。当先行词既有人又有物时。(5)当主句的主语是疑问词当主句的主语是疑问词who或或which时。时。Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the boy that
12、 won the gold medal?(6)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，则另一则另一 个用个用that。They secretly built up a small factory,which produced things that could cause pollution.4.1.Dr.Rowan,_ assistant resigned two weeks ago,has had to do all his own typing.2020天津高考真题天津高考真题 A.whose B.of whom C.of which D.
13、which2.We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true.2019江苏卷江苏卷单项填空单项填空 A.which B.what C.when D.that3.The boy told the headmaster everything _ was connected with the theft.4.I didnt buy the cellphone,_ was too expensive for me.5.We want to arrive a place _ we can sit down
14、and talk.wherewhichthatSummary5.定语从句解题口令：定语从句解题口令：一看指人还是物，二看句中作何用；一看指人还是物，二看句中作何用；三看是否有逗号，四看是否属特殊。三看是否有逗号，四看是否属特殊。Guess:Whois she or he?6.Use relative clauses to describe your classmates,then read your sentences,other students will guess who she or he is.If someones answer is right,give him or her half your points.(1 sentence,1 point)He laughs best who laughs last.谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。Write an article about your classmates by using relative clauses.Surface临武二中 曾云芳
