1、形容词和副词20232023年年中考中考英语语法英语语法专题复习专题复习形容词和副词的用法1.形容词的用法(1)形容词的基本用法形容词是用来说明人或事物特征、性质或状态的词。基本形容词是用来说明人或事物特征、性质或状态的词。基本用法如下用法如下:1.放名词之前2.放在系动词之后放在系动词之后3.放在宾语后放在宾语后,常与常与keep,make,find,feel,think等动词连用等动词连用keep sth.+adj.make sb.+adj.find/feel/think it+adj.+to do sth.(2)-ing形容词与-ed形容词的区别形容词用法例句tiringboringex
2、citinginteresting指事物对人的影响指事物对人的影响,常常用来修饰物用来修饰物,主语一般主语一般是物是物He felt excited after watching the exciting film.tiredboredexcitedinterested指人对事物的感受指人对事物的感受,主主语一般是人语一般是人(3)与形容词相关的一些特殊句型It is+形容词形容词+to do sth.“做某事是做某事是的的”;It is+形容词形容词(形容词是描写事物特性的词形容词是描写事物特性的词,如如easy,difficult,important等等)+(for sb.)+to do
3、sth.“(对某人来说对某人来说)做某事是做某事是的的”。如如:It is necessary to learn more about our countrys history.了解更多我国的历史是有必要的。了解更多我国的历史是有必要的。It is+形容词形容词(形容词是描述人物性格特征的词形容词是描述人物性格特征的词,如如nice,kind,clever,brave等等)+of sb.+to do sth.“某人做某事是某人做某事是的的”。如如:It is very brave of you to save your neighbour out of the fire.你从火灾中救出你的邻居
4、是很勇敢的。你从火灾中救出你的邻居是很勇敢的。find/think/make it+形容词形容词+to do sth.“发现发现/认为认为/使做某事是使做某事是的的”。如。如:I found it happy to help others in need.我发现帮助其他有我发现帮助其他有需要的人很开心。需要的人很开心。The machine makes it possible to stay in the deep sea for a long time.这台机器使长时间停留在深海成为可能。这台机器使长时间停留在深海成为可能。too+形容词形容词(+for sb.)+to do sth.“(对
5、某人来说对某人来说)太太而不能做某事而不能做某事”。如。如:She is too shy to talk with strangers.她太害羞了她太害羞了,不能跟不能跟陌生人交谈。陌生人交谈。形容词形容词+enough(+for sb.)+to do sth.“(对某人来说对某人来说)足足够够去做某事去做某事”。如。如:He is old enough to help with housework at home.他足他足够大够大,可以在家帮忙做家务了。可以在家帮忙做家务了。so+形容词形容词+that从句从句/such(+形容词形容词)+名词名词+that从句从句,“如此如此以至于以至于”
6、。如。如:He was so lazy that he was fired very soon.他太懒了他太懒了,以至以至于很快就被解雇了。于很快就被解雇了。It was such a good day that we went out for a picnic.=It was so good a day that we went out for a picnic.那是一个如此那是一个如此晴朗的日子晴朗的日子,我们出去野餐了。我们出去野餐了。2.形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成单音节形容单音节形容词和副词词和副词一般单词都是在词尾加一般单词都是在词尾加-er,-est构成构成如果单词以字母如
7、果单词以字母e结尾结尾(e不发音不发音),直接直接加上加上-r,-st以重读闭音节结尾的单音节词以重读闭音节结尾的单音节词,需双需双写词尾的辅音字母写词尾的辅音字母,再加再加-er,-est以辅音字母以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词要变结尾的双音节词要变y为为i,再加再加-er,-est多音节和双音多音节和双音节形容词和副节形容词和副词词一般要在形容词和副词前加一般要在形容词和副词前加more或或most构成比较级、最高级形式构成比较级、最高级形式(2)形容词的比较级、最高级的不规则变化形容词的比较级、最高级的不规则变化原级比较级最高级good(好的好的),well(健康的健康的)betterbe
8、stbad(坏的坏的),ill(有病的有病的)worseworstmany,much(多的多的)moremostlittle,few(小的小的,少的少的)less,fewerleast,fewestfar(远的远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthestold(年岁大的年岁大的)older/elderoldest/eldest(3)副词的比较级、最高级的不规则变化副词的比较级、最高级的不规则变化clearlymore clearlymost clearly(以形容词以形容词+ly结尾的结尾的副词副词,加加more,most构成比较级、最高级构成比较级、最高级)well
9、betterbest badly(坏坏)worseworstmuch(多多)moremost little(少少)lessleastfar(远远)fartherfarthest farfurtherfurthest练习写出下列词语的比较级和最高级形式。写出下列词语的比较级和最高级形式。1.long _ _ 2.slow _ _ 3.nice _ _ 4.late _ _ 5.big _ _ longer longest slower slowest nicer nicest later latest bigger biggest 6.hot _ _ 7.fat _ _ 8.thin _ _ 9
10、.easy _ _ 10.happy _ _ 11.careful _ _ 12.interesting _ _ hotter hottest fatter fattest thinner thinnest easier easiest happier happiest more careful the most careful more interestingthe most interesting13.good/well _ _ 14.bad/ill/badly _ _ 15.many/much _ _ 16.little _ _ 17.far _ _ better best worse
11、worst more most less least farther(further)farthest(furthest)3.副词的用法(1)副词的一般用法副词指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词副词指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词,一般充当状一般充当状语语,修饰动词、形容词、副词修饰动词、形容词、副词,此外还可修饰整个句子。此外还可修饰整个句子。1.通常放在被修饰的动词后面通常放在被修饰的动词后面2.程度副词或频率副词一般放在动词前面程度副词或频率副词一般放在动词前面3.程度副词修饰形容词或副词程度副词修饰形容词或副词,一般放在被修饰词前面一般放在被修饰词前面(enough除外除外)4.及物动词
12、及物动词+副词副词pick up the apple=pick the apple uppick it up,write it down,throw them away(3)副词的分类时间副词时间副词地点副词地点副词程度副词程度副词疑问副词疑问副词方式副词方式副词频率副词频率副词ago,before,already,now,just,soon,then,yet,ever,once,still,latehere,there,in,out,back,homevery,much,only,quite,too,so,nearly,enoughwhen,where,how,whyquickly,slow
13、ly,carefully,loudly,strongly,happilyalways,usually,often,sometimes,never,seldom4.形容词变成副词的规律变化规律直接加直接加-ly构成构成以辅音字母加以辅音字母加le结尾的词结尾的词,去去e加加-y以辅音字母加以辅音字母加y结尾的词结尾的词,改改y为为i,再加再加-ly其他变化其他变化形容词与副词同形形容词与副词同形true ,fulltrulyfullyquickcarefulquicklycarefullyterrible terriblyheavy heavilyfast,early,hard,high,str
14、aight等等注意:daily,lovely,friendly,lonely,ugly,likely等是等是形容词形容词,不是副词。不是副词。()1.(2022广东广东,语法选择语法选择)Wang Yiyi passed the test 35 and became a student of that school.A.successB.successful C.successfully()2.(2021广东广东,语法选择语法选择)He said 40,“I was a little afraid,but theres no other bridge like this one in the
15、world.It was so worth it.”A.excite B.excited C.excitedlyD.excitementCC小试牛刀3.(2022广东广东,短文填空短文填空)People like it because it is 68.for their health.4.(2021广东广东,短文填空短文填空)These books give the world a fuller picture of China and Lao Pan is 72.of what he is doing.goodproud5.形容词、副词原级的用法1.A+谓语动词谓语动词+as+原级原级+a
16、s+B2.A+谓语动词的否定式谓语动词的否定式+as/so+原级原级+as+B3.倍数倍数+as+原级原级+as4.有表示程度的副词有表示程度的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时等修饰时Jim is running as fast as Bruce.They are neck and neck.吉姆和布鲁斯跑得一样快。他们旗鼓相当。吉姆和布鲁斯跑得一样快。他们旗鼓相当。Luckily,the weather is not so/as bad as yesterday.幸好天气没有昨天那样糟。幸好天气没有昨天那样糟。This tree is three times as
17、 tall as that one.这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。这棵树是那棵树的三倍高。The boy is too young.那个男孩太小了。那个男孩太小了。()2.(2019广州广州,语法选择语法选择)Scientists wanted to make travelling to space as 5 as possible for humans.A.safeB.safer C.safestD.the safest A 6.形容词、副词的比较级的用法(1)“A+谓语动词谓语动词+比较级比较级+than+B”表示表示“A比比B”He runs much faster than Tom.他比汤姆
18、要跑得快得多。他比汤姆要跑得快得多。(2)在比较级前用在比较级前用much,even,still等词修饰等词修饰,表示加强语气。表示加强语气。He did his homework much more carefully than her.他做家庭作业要比她仔细得多。他做家庭作业要比她仔细得多。(3)“A+谓语动词谓语动词+比较级比较级+than+any other+单数名词单数名词(+介词介词短语短语)”=“A+谓语动词谓语动词+比较级比较级+than+the other+名词复数名词复数(+介词短介词短语语)”表示表示“A比其他任何人或物都比其他任何人或物都”Xian is larger
19、than any other city in Shaanxi.=Xian is larger than the other cities in Shaanxi.西安比陕西的其他任何城市都大。西安比陕西的其他任何城市都大。(4)“A+谓语动词谓语动词+the+比较级比较级+of the two+”,表示表示“A是两者是两者中较中较的的”。He is the more careful of the two engineers.他是两名工程师中较细心的一个。他是两名工程师中较细心的一个。(5)“比较级比较级+and+比较级比较级”,表示表示“越来越越来越”。Winter is coming and
20、the days are getting colder and colder.冬天要到了冬天要到了,天变得越来越冷了。天变得越来越冷了。(6)“the+比较级比较级,the+比较级比较级”,表示表示“越越,就越就越”。()1.(2022广州广州,语法选择语法选择)I noticed that the water was a lot10 than I thought.A.dirty B.dirtierC.dirtiest D.the dirtiest()2.(2020广东广东,语法选择语法选择)You will have a 34_ understanding of kites than bef
21、ore.A.good B.better C.best D.the best B B 小试牛刀3.(2022广东广东,短文填空短文填空)As the population of tea drinkers gets larger,tea business is getting 74.important than before.4.(2020广东广东,短文填空短文填空)Up till now,she has already raised 75.than$17,000!more more 7.形容词、副词的最高级的用法最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,表示在某一范围内或某表
22、示在某一范围内或某类人物中类人物中“最最”,常见句型如下常见句型如下:(1)“主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+the(副词可省略副词可省略)+最高级最高级+(单数名单数名词词)+in/of短语短语”。Who is the strongest of the four boys?谁是那四个男孩中最强壮的谁是那四个男孩中最强壮的?(2)“主语主语+谓语动词谓语动词+one of the+最高级最高级+复数名词复数名词+in/of短短语语”,表示表示“最最之一之一”。She is one of the most beautiful girls in the school.她是学校里最漂亮的女孩之一。她是学
23、校里最漂亮的女孩之一。()1.(2021广东广东,语法选择语法选择)Last month,a new bridge was first opened to the public.Its 31 hanging bridge for walkers in the world.A.longer B.the longerC.longest D.the longest D ()2.(2021广州广州,语法选择语法选择)There was once a farmer who had a large field of corn.He worked on it with the 1 care,but the
24、corn was dying because there had been no rain for a long time.A.greatB.greater C.much greaterD.greatest D 小试牛刀()3.(2019广东广东,单项填空单项填空)Fishing is one of activities among the middle-aged people.A.popular B.more popularC.most popular D.the most popular D ()4.(2016广东广东,单项填空单项填空)Among the four seas off th
25、e coast of China,East China Sea is the second .A.deepB.deeper C.deepest D.the deepest C 5.常考形容词、副词辨析(1)alone,lonely辨析辨析 alone表示表示“独自一人独自一人”的状态。的状态。lonely表示表示“孤单孤单;寂寞寂寞”的情绪。的情绪。练习练习She was sitting in the bed _when we went to see her.Our teachers take good care of us,so we never feel _.alonelonely(2)h
26、igh,tall辨析辨析 high通常用于物之高通常用于物之高,指高出地面的距离。指高出地面的距离。tall常用于人的个子及细长之物常用于人的个子及细长之物,指从顶部到底部的指从顶部到底部的距离。距离。building和和pole用用high或或tall都可以。都可以。练习练习Canton Tower is very _.The boys are growing_ and_.high/talltallertaller(3)real,true辨析辨析 real“真的真的,实在的实在的”,用来表示用来表示“客观存在而不是想象客观存在而不是想象或虚构的或虚构的”或或“真的而非假造的真的而非假造的”。
27、true“真正的真正的,真实的真实的,确实的确实的,名副其实的名副其实的”。练习练习Its _that he is married.Is that a _flower?truereal(4)too,also,either辨析辨析 同同 这三个词作副词用时这三个词作副词用时,都含有都含有“也也”的意思。的意思。异异too只能用于肯定句中只能用于肯定句中,一般放在句尾。一般放在句尾。also只能用于肯定句中只能用于肯定句中,放在句中。放在句中。either只能用于否定句中只能用于否定句中,一般放在句尾。一般放在句尾。练习练习Im in Row 1,_.Chinese take-away food
28、is _popular.We dont like the same colours,_.too also either(5)already,yet,still辨析辨析 already“已经已经”,通常用于陈述句通常用于陈述句;用于疑问句时表示用于疑问句时表示惊异、怀疑惊异、怀疑;不用于否定句。不用于否定句。yet“尚尚”“仍然仍然”,常用于否定句和疑问句。常用于否定句和疑问句。still“仍然仍然,还还”,放于句中。放于句中。练习练习We have_ finished the work.Is he_ in the classroom?We havent finished the work_.a
29、lreadystill yet (6)hard,hardly辨析辨析 hard作形容词作形容词,“艰苦的艰苦的”;作副词作副词,“努力地努力地,猛烈地猛烈地”,如如:hard work(艰苦的工作艰苦的工作),work hard(努力工作努力工作)。hardly不是不是hard的副词形式的副词形式,而是另外一个词而是另外一个词,意为意为 “几乎不几乎不”。练习练习He works _.He _listened to me.hardhardly(7)ago,before 以前以前辨析辨析 ago只与一般过去时连用只与一般过去时连用,ago前通常要有表示时间前通常要有表示时间的词。的词。befor
30、e常与现在完成时或过去常与现在完成时或过去(完成完成)时连用时连用,并且可并且可以作介词以作介词,后面接名词或动名词作宾语。后面接名词或动名词作宾语。练习练习She saw the film three days _.She said she had seen the film three days _.ago before(8)late,lately辨析辨析 late“迟、晚迟、晚”。lately“最近、近来最近、近来”。练习练习He always arrives home _.Have you been to the cinema _?late lately(9)instead,inste
31、ad of代替代替辨析辨析 instead只能单独使用只能单独使用,常位于句首或句尾。常位于句首或句尾。instead of是短语介词是短语介词,后面要接名词、动名词、代后面要接名词、动名词、代词或介词短语。词或介词短语。练习练习She is very tired.Let me go _.Shall we have fish _eggs today?insteadinstead of(10)good,well辨析辨析 good是形容词是形容词,“好的好的”。well作副词作副词,“好地好地”;作形容词时指作形容词时指“身体健康的身体健康的”。well放在动词之后放在动词之后,表达表达“好地好地
32、;健康健康;妥善妥善”等意思等意思,不不能放在名词之前修饰一般物品。能放在名词之前修饰一般物品。练习练习 He is a_ player.He can play basketball very_.Im not feeling_ now.I must see a doctor at once.good well well(11)sometimes,sometime,some time辨析辨析 sometimes“有时有时,往往往往,不时地不时地”。sometime“某个时候某个时候”,可指将来可指将来,也可指过去。也可指过去。some time“一段时间一段时间”,可以是几分钟、几小时、几天可以
33、是几分钟、几小时、几天,甚至几年。甚至几年。练习练习Sometimes we are busy and _we are not.Well take our holiday _in May.The fire went on for _before it was brought under control.sometimes sometimesome time(12)ill,sick辨析辨析 ill作作“生病的生病的”时时,只能作表语只能作表语,不可以修饰名词。不可以修饰名词。sick作作“生病的生病的”时可以修饰名词时可以修饰名词,作定语。作定语。练习练习This is a_ boy.Pleas
34、e take a seat for him.He has been_ in bed for 2 days.sick ill/sick(13)asleep,sleepy,sleep辨析辨析 asleep形容词形容词,“睡着的睡着的”。常用词组。常用词组:fall asleep入睡。入睡。sleepy形容词形容词,“想睡的想睡的,困倦的困倦的”。常用词组。常用词组:be sleepy昏昏欲睡。昏昏欲睡。sleep名词名词&动词动词,“睡觉睡觉”。常用词组。常用词组:go to sleep睡觉。睡觉。练习练习He was so_ that he fell _ quickly.I have to _b
35、y 10 at home.sleepyasleepsleep(14)awake,wake辨析辨析 awake形容词形容词,“醒着的醒着的”。常用词组。常用词组:be awake醒着的。醒着的。wake动词动词,“醒来醒来”。常用词组。常用词组:wake up醒来。醒来。练习练习Dont _me up.I want to sleep late.He is _now.Let him answer the telephone.wakeawake(15)die,dead,death,dying辨析辨析 die动词动词,“死死”。dead形容词形容词,“死的死的”。death名词名词,“死亡死亡”。dy
36、ing形容词形容词,“将死的将死的”。练习练习The dog _.It has been _for an hour.His _made us sad.The bird is _.Lets try to save it.died deaddeath dying(16)interesting,interested,interest辨析辨析 interesting形容词形容词,“有趣的有趣的”,常用来形容物体。常用来形容物体。interested形容词形容词,“感到有趣的感到有趣的”,常用来形容人的感觉。常用来形容人的感觉。常用词组常用词组:be interested in对对感兴趣。感兴趣。int
37、erest名词名词,“兴趣兴趣,爱好爱好”;动词动词,“使某人感兴趣使某人感兴趣”。练习练习The film seems _.It _me.I want to see it tomorrow.My brother has many _.He is _in basketball most.interestinginterests interestsinterested(17)pleased,pleasant,pleasure辨析辨析 pleased形容词形容词,“感到高兴的感到高兴的”。常用词组。常用词组:be pleased with对对感到高兴感到高兴/满意。满意。pleasant形容词形容
38、词,“令人愉快的令人愉快的”。如。如:a pleasant holiday一一个愉快的假期。个愉快的假期。pleasure名词名词,“愉快愉快”。常用词组。常用词组:with pleasure十分乐意。十分乐意。练习练习Were all _with the news.It is a _dinner.Thank you for your dinner!Its my _.pleasedpleasantpleasure(18)surprise,surprised,surprising辨析辨析 surprise作名词时作名词时,表表“惊奇惊奇”。常用词组。常用词组:in surprise惊奇惊奇地地;
39、to ones surprise使某人惊奇的是。作动词时使某人惊奇的是。作动词时,表示表示“使使惊奇惊奇”。surprised形容词形容词,“感到惊奇的感到惊奇的”。常用词组。常用词组:be surprised at sth./be surprised to do sth.惊讶于做某事。惊讶于做某事。surprising形容词形容词,“令人惊奇的令人惊奇的”。如。如:The surprising news surprised me.这个令人惊讶的消息使我惊奇。这个令人惊讶的消息使我惊奇。练习练习 He looked at me in _.=He is _ to look at me.To my
40、 _,he failed in this contest.What _news!He is still alive.The news _us.surprise surprised surprise surprisingsurprised/surprises一、语法点单句特训形容词和副词辨析()1.(2022天津中考天津中考)On a day,you can see most of the city from the top of the tower.A.rainy B.dark C.snowy D.clear D 提分训练()2.(2022安徽中考安徽中考)Jim and I share ta
41、stes and hobbies.No wonder you take part in lots of meaningful social activities together.A.separateB.weak C.similarD.double C ()3.(2022四川成都中考四川成都中考)The 21.58-meter-long 3D-printed bridge in Chengdu,with its part reaching 8 meters and highest point hitting 2.68 meters,is really amazing.A.biggestB.wi
42、destC.longest B ()4.(2022云南中考云南中考)Would you like some coffee?No,thanks.I drink it.I think water is the best.A.often B.hardlyC.usuallyD.always()5.(2022浙江温州中考浙江温州中考)There was a storm yesterday.,most of the flowers in my garden are still alive.A.ClearlyB.LuckilyC.Suddenly D.Firstly B B 形容词和副词的比较等级()6.(
43、2022天津中考天津中考)Travelling by train is slower than by plane.But its than by plane.A.interesting B.less interestingC.more interestingD.most interesting()7.(2022湖南怀化中考湖南怀化中考)The air in Huaihua is _than before.A.good B.betterC.best B C ()8.(2022湖南岳阳中考湖南岳阳中考)With the development of 5G technology,our daily
44、lives have become.A.more and more convenientB.the most convenientC.convenienter and convenienter()9.(2022四川乐山中考四川乐山中考)Did you see the football match yesterday?Yes!I think it is the game that I have ever seen.A.excitingB.more excitingC.most exciting C A ()10.(2022海南中考海南中考)Lucy,Im poor in English.Coul
45、d you give me some advice?You can speak it as as possible.A.muchB.more C.most()11.(2022四川泸州中考四川泸州中考)With a high-speed train station built in Luzhou,it is much for us to travel to Chengdu.A.easier B.easilierC.more easy D.more easily A A ()12.(2022云南昆明中考云南昆明中考)The earlier we take action to protect our
46、 environment,the it will be for our future.A.better B.bestC.worse D.worst()13.(2022云南中考云南中考)Our school life has become _than before because of all kinds of after-school activities.A.colorful B.colorfullyC.more colorful D.the most colorful C A ()14.(2022重庆重庆A卷中考卷中考)The Yangtze River is one of rivers in the world.A.long B.longer C.longestD.the longest()15.(2022重庆重庆B卷中考卷中考)Roy is a great dancer.He dances than others.A.beautifully B.more beautifullyC.less beautifullyD.most beautifully B D
