1、英语的定语（英语的定语（attribute/modifier)一一.什么是定语？什么是定语？定义：定义：定语是用来修饰、限定、定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。二、什么可以充当定语？二、什么可以充当定语？通常由通常由形容词形容词、代词代词、名词名词、介词介词短语短语、动词不定式动词不定式、动名词动名词、分词分词或或定语从句定语从句等担任。等担任。2整理ppt3三、定语的位置：三、定语的位置：定语的位置一般有：作定语时通作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作常放在它所修饰的词之前，作。短语短语（介词短语和动词短语）（介词短语和动词短语）、副副词词和和
2、从句从句作定语时则放在所修饰的作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作词之后，作。小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。The little boy needs a blue pen.About five to seven million people spoke English.这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。There is only one ball pen in the pencil box.穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。穿蓝色衣服的孩子是汤姆。The boy is Tom.River begins in a glacier 河流发源于河流发源于冰川。冰川。The
3、smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。买的钢笔。At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.（学习英语的）（学习英语的）人数在不断的增长。人数在不断的增长。The number of people learning English is increasing rapidly.这里的这里的学
4、生都来自中国。学生都来自中国。The students hereare all from China.今天报纸上没有什么今天报纸上没有什么东东西。西。There is nothing t in todays newspaper.Which one is Harry Porter?The boy _ is Harry Porter.who is wearing glasses句子作定语句子作定语The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter.句子作定语句子作定语,修饰修饰boy,叫做叫做定语从句定语从句The Attributive Clause在复
5、合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。叫做定语从句。Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句 先行词先行词引导词引导词(关系词）关系词）从句从句Mary is a girl who has long hair.（被修饰的名词（被修饰的名词或代词）或代词）（跟在先行词后，引（跟在先行词后，引导从句的词）导从句的词）修饰先行词的句子修饰先行词的句子Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从
6、句关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词which,who,whom,whose,thatwhere,when，why 定语从句定语从句：由一个句子充当定语由一个句子充当定语从句的位置：从句的位置：在名词或代词后在名词或代词后先先 行行 词词：被定语从句修饰的词被定语从句修饰的词引引 导导 词词：引导定语从句的词引导定语从句的词 关系代词关系代词 关系副词关系副词 引导词的作用引导词的作用:(1)引导定语从句引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置代替先行词在从句中的位置A real friend is someone who walks in when
7、the rest of the world walks out.A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.A real friend is someone who sees our true self,not just the face that we show to the world.the modern tools that keep us connected are eating away at the meaning of friendship.Read the magazine article on friends
8、hip in the modern age on page 34 and find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article.Social media like blogs has come between us and the friends whom we love.“Sharing”our experiences on social media is not enough to express the values which matter most to us.“Liking”our friends p
9、hotos online does not develop the connection which we share.二、用法二、用法:先先行行词词是是人人who whom whose that which先行词是先行词是物物引导定语从句的关系代词引导定语从句的关系代词关系代词关系代词关系副词关系副词 先行词先行词句中作用句中作用省否省否 关系代关系代词在句中词在句中作宾语可作宾语可以省略以省略When时间时间状语状语where地点地点状语状语whyreason状语状语Rewrite the following sentences using restrictive relative cla
10、uses.1.Common interests provide rich ground.Many friendships grow from rich ground.Common interests provide rich ground _.2.When friends communication is warm and open,friendships grow best.Friendships grow best between friends _.from which many friendships growwhose communication is warm and open3.
11、Friendships are like flowers.These flowers need to be taken good care of.Friendships are like flowers _.4.A relationship with a true friend will surely produce fruit.You can count on a true friend.A relationship with a true friend _ will surely produce fruit.which/that need to be taken good care of(
12、whom/that/who)you can count on5.You have been helped by others.To make friends,you should help others in the same way.To make friends,you should help others the way _.that you have been helped by others1.连接主句与从句，连接主句与从句，引导定语从句。引导定语从句。2.代替先行词。代替先行词。3.在定语从句中担当一个成分在定语从句中担当一个成分(主、宾、定语主、宾、定语)。关系词的三个作用关系词
13、的三个作用:注意：注意：关系词的选用由先行词在定语从句中关系词的选用由先行词在定语从句中 所充当的句子成分决定。所充当的句子成分决定。1.She is the girl _can speak English fluently.2.I like the book _ you bought yesterday.3.The girl _ I met is Lucy.4.A child _ parents are dead is called Tom.请填写适当的关系词请填写适当的关系词whowhich/thatwhomwhose(主语主语)(宾语宾语)(宾语宾语)(定语定语)Have a try指出
14、关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：指出关系代词（副词）在定语从句中的成份：1.The man who came to our school is Mr.Wang.()2.The girl(whom)I met is Lucy.()3.A child whose parents are dead is called Tom.()4.I like the book(which)you bought yesterday.()1.who,whom,whose,that 用法区别用法区别.who 作定语从句的作定语从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.The man who is speaking at the
15、 meeting is a worker.The man is a worker.The man is speaking at the meeting.分解分解作主语作主语 whom 作定语从句的作定语从句的宾语宾语(可省略可省略)The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.The woman is a teacher.They wanted to visit the woman.分解分解作宾语作宾语 that 可以作定语从句的可以作定语从句的主语主语和和宾语宾语.The woman(whom/that)they wanted to vis
16、it is a teacher.可省略可省略 The man who/that is speaking at the meeting is a worker.whose 作定语从句的作定语从句的定语定语 (whose既可以指人，也可以指物既可以指人，也可以指物).I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.分解分解I know the girl.The girls mother is a teacher.作定语作定语I have a book whose cover is yellow.2.which,that 的的用法用法which 作定语从句的作定语
17、从句的主语主语或或宾语宾语.I like the book(which/that)you bought yesterday.This is a truck which/that is made in China.作主语作主语作宾语，可省略作宾语，可省略可省略可省略3.只能用只能用that的情况的情况 序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰先行词时修饰先行词时 Tom is the cleverest boy that I have ever known.This is the first play that I have seen since I came here.everything
18、,something,nothing,all,anything,little,much等等不定代词不定代词作先行作先行词时词时 Everything that we saw in this film was true.先行词被先行词被every,some,no,all,any,little,much等修饰时。等修饰时。Ive read all the books that you lend me.先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。This is the very book that belongs to him.主句已有主句已
19、有who或或which时时Who is the girl that is standing under the tree?Which is the machine that we used last Sunday 当先行词既有当先行词既有人人又有又有物物时。时。Ive never heard of the people and things that you talked about just now.4.关系代词前有介词时关系代词前有介词时(介词提前介词提前).指指人只用人只用whom,指物只用指物只用whichThis is the boy with whom she talked.Thi
20、s is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.主语主语宾语宾语定语定语指人指人whothatwhom（优先）（优先）whothatwhose（of whom）指物指物WhichthatWhichthatWhose(of which)指人和物指人和物thatthatwhose（一）引导定语从句的关系代词（一）引导定语从句的关系代词35when,where,why关系副词关系副词先行词先行词在从句中的成分在从句中的成分when时间时间时间时间状语状语where 地点地点地点地点状语状语why reason原因原因状语状语（二）引导定语从句的关系副词（二
21、）引导定语从句的关系副词 1.This is the place where I was born.2.I remember the day when I first met him.3.Can you tell me the reason why you lied to me?关系副词关系副词When=on(in,during)whichwhere=on(in,in front of)whichWhy=for which（三）关系副词（三）关系副词与与介词介词+关系代词关系代词的替代的替代38when when可用可用in/on/at/during+which 代替代替1.I still r
22、emember the day.2.I first met him on the day.I still remember the day on which I first met him.whenwhich39where where可用in/on/at/to+which代替1.The dictionary is the only place.2.Success comes before work in the dictionary.The dictionary is the only place in which success comes before work.只有(努力)工作才会有成功
23、.字面意思是:只有在字典里,成功才出现在工作前面.where which.40ABC1.America is the country.2.I was born in the country.America is the country in which I I was born.which.whereBBCBeijing is the city in which I was born.where=American born Chinese=Beijing born Chinese41why why可用可用for+which 代替代替1.This is the reason.2.I was la
24、te for school for this reason.which.This is the reason for which I was late for school.why42关系关系代词代词和关系和关系副词副词的区别的区别关系关系代词代词在定语从句中在定语从句中作主语、宾语作主语、宾语关系关系副词副词在定语从句中在定语从句中作状语作状语如何选用定语从句的关系词如何选用定语从句的关系词 1.首先分清主句和定语从句首先分清主句和定语从句 2.确定定语从句的先行词确定定语从句的先行词 3.把先行词代回到定语从句中去，看其把先行词代回到定语从句中去，看其在定语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，在定
25、语从句中做什么语法成分（主语，宾语，定语或状语）宾语，定语或状语）4.若先行词在从句中做若先行词在从句中做主语、宾语或定主语、宾语或定语语则选择则选择关系代词关系代词，若在从句中做，若在从句中做状语状语，则选择则选择关系副词关系副词。由由Who Who 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语1、Do you know the man _ is talking with your father?A.whose B.who C.which2、The boys _ the teacher talked to are from Class One.A.when B.whic
26、h C.who3、Those _ want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning.A.who B.which C.whom4.The gentleman _ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A.who B.about whom C.whom5.The doctor _ you are looking for is in the room.A.whom B.what C.which6.The teacher for _ you are wait
27、ing has come.A.who B.whom C.that由由Whom Whom 引导的定语从句，在句中做宾引导的定语从句，在句中做宾语语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whom7.A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A.which B.his C.whose 8.This book is for the students _ native(本国的本国的)language is not English.A.that B.of whom C.whose 9.The boy _ composition won the first p
28、rize is the youngest in the group.A.who B.whose C.that由由Whose Whose 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句,在句中在句中做定语做定语10、He prefers to eat the rice _ in the south.A.who is grown B.which is grown C.when is grown11、The knife _ I cut the apple with cant be found.A.which B.who C.what 12、The room in _ there are many books is m
29、ine.A.that B.who C.which13、This is the pen _ he bought yesterday.A.which B.who C.when由由Which Which 引导的定语从句，在句中做主语引导的定语从句，在句中做主语 宾语宾语介词提前时只能用介词提前时只能用 whichthat14.All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A.which B.that C.what15.Finally,the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.A.which B.what
30、 C.that只能用只能用that引导引导.16.Its the most boring film _ I have ever seen.A.which B.that C.whose17.This is the first car _ arrived this morning.A.which B.who C.that 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时饰时只能用只能用that引导引导.18.I know all people _ are from that village.A.who B.that C.whose19.There is no water _ is
31、needed badly.A.which B.who C.that20.Please take any seat _ is free.A.which B.that C.in which先行词被先行词被all,any,every,few,little,no,some 等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that引导引导21.That is the very book _ I was looking for.A.who B.that C.which22.After the fire in his house,the old car is the only thing _ he owns.A.who B.t
32、hat C.which先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last 等修饰时等修饰时只能用只能用that引导引导23.The speaker spoke of some writers and some books _ were popular then.A.who B.that C.which先行词被既有人又有物时先行词被既有人又有物时只能用只能用that引导引导24.Who is the worker _ took some pictures of the factory.A.who B.that C.which主句已有主句已有who或或which
33、时时,只能用只能用that 引导引导1.确定先行词：空格之前的确定先行词：空格之前的单词或词组单词或词组2.将先行词带入定语从句，将先行词带入定语从句，还原从句为完整句子还原从句为完整句子3.根据先行词在还原句中的根据先行词在还原句中的成分确定引导词成分确定引导词The girl=who先行词先行词the girl，带入从句，带入从句She is the girl _ likes singing.who1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.who/thatwhich/thatwhose3.The man _ leg bro
34、ke in a match used to be a football player.2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her.4.My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.which/thatwhom6.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.which/that7.Is there anything _ yo
35、u want to buy in the town.8.All _ we can do is to study hard.9.The first one _ stands up is a little boy.thatthatthat1.这就是救了那个孩子命的医生这就是救了那个孩子命的医生.This is the doctor who saved the boys life.2.正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔正在跑步的那个人是我的叔叔.The man who is running is my uncle.3.我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐我喜欢可以随之而唱的音乐.I like the music that I can sing along with.4.住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师住在隔壁的那个女的是一名教师.The woman who lives next door is a teacher.
