1、高考英语读后续写修辞手法讲解1.simile 明喻明喻（simile）俗称直喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。如：The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.开满樱花的乡村，看起来有如粉红雪铺满地。The smile on her face shone like a diamond.她的笑容像宝石一样闪闪发光。The scenery along the Lijiang River in Guilin is just like a
2、beautiful landscape painting.桂林漓江的沿途风景就像一幅美丽的山水画。His heart is as hard as a stone.他铁石心肠。Her soul is as pure as snow.她的心灵纯洁无比。认真观察以上各例，我们会发现它们的特点，由（as）.as，like等引导，这些引导词被称作比喻词（acknowledging word），它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征，明喻较为直白，比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显。【和as as 相关的词块积累】as soft as water 柔情似水as pure as snow 纯净如雪as clear a
3、s crystal 清如水晶as weak as water 软弱无力，弱不禁风as unique as a fingerprint 独一无二as drunk as a mouse 烂醉如泥【和like相关的词块积累】like a duck to water 如鱼得水like a drowned cat 落汤鸡like a cat on hot bricks 热锅上的蚂蚁like a rat in a hole 如瓮中之鳖like chalk and cheese 完全不同的人或事物work like a dog 非常努力的工作，埋头苦干某事2.metaphor 隐喻，暗喻暗喻（metapho
4、r）：也称隐喻，是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。无需借助比喻词，直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写。例如：Life is a ship on the ocean meeting both sunny days and stormy days.生活是一艘在海上航行的船，既会遇到晴天，也会遇到暴风雨天。Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face.笑是驱走人们脸上寒意的太阳。She is going through a roller coaster of emotions.她正经历着情感的过山车。At
5、once, the Eastern and Western Changan Roads became roaring oceans.霎时间，东西长安街成了喧腾的大海。由以上各例可知，暗喻没有引导词，这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。换句话说，有为明喻，没有为暗喻。如：He has a heart of stone.He has a heart like stone.很显然，前句是暗喻，后句是明喻。暗喻时，比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄，猛一看它们毫无关系，实际却有着某种内在联系。【词块积累】a bed of roses 安乐窝clean hands 两袖清风curtain-lecture
6、 枕头风mushroom fame 一夜成名a mushroom millionaire 暴发户3.metonymy 借喻，转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物，而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。1.以容器代替内容，例如：The kettle boils.水开了。The room sat silent.房间里，人安静地坐着。2.以资料、工具代替事物的名称，例如：Lend me your ears, please.请听我说。3.以作者代替作品，例如：a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集4.以具体事物代替抽象概念，例如：I had the muscle, and they made
7、money out of it.我有力气，他们就用我的力气赚钱。synecdoche 提喻提喻用部分代替全体，或用全体代替部分，或特殊代替一般。例如：There are about 100 hands working in his factory.他的厂里约有100名工人。（部分代整体）He is the Newton of this century.他是本世纪的牛顿。（特殊代一般）The fox goes very well with your cap.这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。（整体代部分）4.synaesthesia 通感，联觉，移觉这种修辞法是以视、听、触、嗅、味等感觉直接描写事物。
8、通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来，借联想引起感觉转移，“以感觉写感觉”。通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清荷塘月色里的“微风过处送来缕缕清香，仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。例如：The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.鸟儿落在树上，倾泻出百合花似的声音。（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百
9、合花）Taste the music of Mozart.品尝Mozart的音乐。（用嗅觉形容听觉）5.personification 拟人拟人（personification）：拟人手法是把物（诸如动物、植物、物体、思想或抽象概念等）比作人，赋予它们人的特性、外表、思维、动作，即把本来适用于人的词汇用于物，使之人格化。如：The thunder clapped angrily in the distance.雷声在远处怒吼着。The sun looks over the mountains rim.太阳挂在山边。The city gradually began to breathe agai
10、n.城市渐渐开始恢复生机。The wind howled in the night.夜里狂风怒吼。The flowers / The curtains danced in the gentle breeze.花儿/窗帘在微风中翩翩起舞。The candle flame danced in the dark.蜡烛的火焰在黑暗中跳动。6.hyperbole 夸张夸张（hyperbole）：夸张手法是人们从主观出发，有意识地把事实夸大，故意言过其实，以达到强调或突出的一种修辞手法。它偏重于情感，而不太注重事实，表达得比实际事情更高、更强烈、更有集中性，具有诙谐、讥讽、褒贬等功用。一般说来，凡事物，都
11、可适当地利用夸张去修饰。例如：My gray hair can make a long long rope.白发三千丈。When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.听到这个坏消息时，她泪流成河。Her appearance fairly took my breath away.她的美貌令我神魂颠倒。7.parallelism 排比，平行排比（parallelism）：是由两个或两个以上短语或句子构成，其并列的结构相同或类似，意思相关，语气连贯，使得句子读起来流畅，富有节奏感。例如：Reading makes us wise
12、and exercises make us strong.读书使我们睿智，锻炼使我们强健。To succeed in life, you need to take advantage of opportunities and to follow your dreams.要想在生活中获得成功，你需要抓住机会，追随你的梦想。This is not only just what I wanted, but also what I needed.这不仅是我想要的，也是我需要的。欣赏英国作家查尔斯狄更斯在双城记的一段话，体会其中排比的力量和感染力。It was the best of times, an
13、d it was the worst of times.It was the age of wisdom, and it was the age of foolishness.It was the epoch of belief, and it was the epoch of incredulity.It was the season of light, and it was the season of darkness.It was the spring of hope, and it was the winter of despair. by Charles Dickens “A Tal
14、e of Two Cities”这是最好的时代，也是最坏的时代；是智慧的时代，也是愚蠢的时代；是信仰的时代，也是怀疑的时代；是光明的季节，也是黑暗的季节；是充满希望的春天，也是令人绝望的冬天。8.euphemism 委婉，婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉，文雅的方法表达粗恶，避讳的话。例如：He is out visiting the necessary.他出去方便一下。His relation with his wife has not been fortunate.他与妻子关系不融洽。Queen Elizabeth II passed away last year.去年，伊丽莎白二世去世了。9.all
15、egory 讽喻，比方（原意“寓言”）建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor；这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法，意为“换个方式的说法”。它是一种形象的描述，具有双重性，表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。例如：Make the hay while the sun shines.表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草。真正意味：趁热打铁。Its time to turn plough into sword.表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑。真正意味：到了该努力的时候了。4
