1、各时态的被动语态各时态的被动语态 （一）（一）语态的基本概念和种类语态的基本概念和种类 语态是动词的一种形式， 用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 所以英语的语态是通过 动词形式的变化表现出来的。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者为主 动语态；主语是动作的接受者为被动语态。 如：They built the bridge. The bridge was built by them. （二二）被动语态的构成被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词 be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过 be 的变化表现出来的。歌诀是：被动语态歌诀是：被动语态 be 字变，过去分词跟后
2、面。字变，过去分词跟后面。 序号序号 常用被动语常用被动语 态态 构成构成 序序 号号 常用被动语态常用被动语态 构成构成 1 一般现在时 am/is/are asked 6 过去进行时 was/were being asked 2 一般过去时 was/were asked 7 现在完成时 have/has been asked 3 一般将来时 shall/will be asked 8 过去完成时 had been asked 4 过去将来时 should/would be asked 9 含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked 5 现在进行时 am/is/are bei
3、ng asked 注意事注意事 项项 被动语态的否定式是 在第一个助动词或情态动词后加 not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉 其中介副词。固定结构 be going to, used to, have to, had better 变为被动态时，只需将其后 的动词变为被动态。 如： Trees should not be planted in summer. 夏天不应该种树。 The boy was made fun of by his classmates. 这个男孩被他的同学取笑。 Newspapers used to be sent here by the little girl. 报纸过去
4、常被小女孩送到这里。 汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般 可用 被动结构表示。如： It is believed that It is generally considered that It is said that It is well known that It must be pointed out that It is supposed that It is reported that It must be admitted that It is hoped that 下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如： The window wants/needs/requires repairi
5、ng. The book is worth reading twice. The door wont shut. / The play wont act. The clothes washes well. / The book sells well. The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold. 下面词或短语没有被动态： leave, enter, reach, become, benefit, cost, equal, contain, last, lack, fit, fail, have, appear, happen, occu
6、r, belong to, take place, break out, come about, agree with, keep up with, consist of, have on, lose heart 等等 （三）（三）被动语态的用法被动语态的用法 1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁 偷的) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于 1981 年。 2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：
7、The window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天 8 小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到 （四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法与注意事项 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by 短语后面跟。短语
8、后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，谓语动词变被动，be 后后“过分过分”来使用。来使用。 (1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动 词变为be / get +过去分词形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词 by 的宾语(若动作的执行 者没有必要说明则可以省略该 by 短语)。如： Li Lei planted the tree last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Cha
9、ngsha. (2) 将含有复合宾语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补 足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如： He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green yesterday. 昨天门被漆成 绿色了。 注意： 表示使、 让的动词 make, have 等， 以及感官动词 see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at 等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为 被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须
10、带 to。如： I saw him go into the teachers office. He was seen to go into the teachers office. (3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾 语前加 to 或 for 留在动词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动 词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。如： He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 【说明】
11、一般说来， 间接宾语前带 to 的动词有： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw等； 间接宾语前带for的动词有： book, buy, call, cook, do, get, make, save 等。 (4) 动词 believe, consider, declare, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think 等的被动语态， 常有两种结构形式。如： He was said to get hurt in the
12、 car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。 It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。 (5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。如： She has never been operated on before. 她从未动过手术。 The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。 His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。 (6) 当动词+宾语+宾语补足语结构变为被动语态时
13、，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语， 其余不动。 Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改为 The boy was caught smoking a cigarette. (7) 在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不 定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式 to 要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加 to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改为 A stranger was seen to
14、walk into the building. （五）不用被动语态的情况（五）不用被动语态的情况 1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态： appear, die, disappear, end , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand ,break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. After the fire, very little remained of my house. 比较： rise, fall, happen 是不
15、及物动词；raise, seat 是及物动词。 (错) The price has been risen. (对) The price has risen. (错) The accident was happened last week. (对) The accident happened last week. (错) The price has raised. (对) The price has been raised. (错) Please seat. (对) Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多 义的动词往往有
16、两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to This key just fits the lock. Your story agrees with what had already been heard
17、. 3) 系动词无被动语态： appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn . It sounds good. 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态： die, death, dream, live, life . She dreamed a bad dream last night. 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。 (对) She likes to swim. (错) To swim is liked
18、 by her. （六）（六）各种时态的被动语态举例各种时态的被动语态举例 1一般现在时（am/ is/ are +done） English is spoken by lots of people in the world. 世界上的许多人都说英语。 Class meeting is held every Thursday. 每周四都举行班会。 The classroom is cleaned by the students every day. 学生们每天都打扫教室。 2一般过去时(was/ were +done) The cup was broken by the boy. 杯子被那个男
19、孩打碎了。 He was saved at last. 他最终获救了。 My bike was stolen. 我的自行车被偷了。 3一般将来时与过去将来时(will/ shall be +done; would/should be +done) A speech will be given this afternoon. 今天下午有一个演讲。 A new road will be built next year. 明年要修一条新马路。 I thought thousands of people would be helped. 我认为将有数千人得到帮助。 4现在进行时与过去进行时(am/ i
20、s/ are being +done; was/ were being +done) The machine was being repaired at this time yesterday. 昨天这时,机器正在被修理。 The problem is being discussed now. 问题正在被讨论。 A bus is being pushed by the passengers. 路人正在推一辆公共汽车。 5现在完成时(have/ has been + done) Two hundred trees have been planted by now. 到现在为止,已经种了二百棵树了
21、。 The book has been read many times by me. 这本书已经被我读了许多遍了。 Several soldiers have already been killed in the conflict. 在冲突中已经有几名士兵被杀害。 6过去完成时(had been+done) They said they had been invited to the party. 他们说已经被邀请参加晚会了。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 He had been tort
22、ured by the illness for many years before he died. 在去世前已经被疾病折磨很 多年了。 课堂练习课堂练习 （一）单选（一）单选 1. During the period of recent terrorist activities, people _ not to touch any unattended bag. A. had always been warned B. were always being warned C. are always warning D. always warned 2. The way the guests _
23、 in the hotel influenced their evaluation of the service. A. treated B. were treated C.would treat D. would be treated 3. Why dont we choose that road to save time? The bridge to it . A. has repaired B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. will be repaired 4. Would you please keep silent? The weather
24、 report and I want to listen. A. is broadcast B. is being broadcast C. has been broadcast D. had been broadcast 5. - Hi, Terry, can I use your computer for a while this afternoon? - Sorry. . A. It s repaired B. It has been repaired C. Its being repaired D. It had been repaired 6. His sister left hom
25、e in 1998, and since. A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of C. had not heard of D. has not heard of 7. In recent years many football clubs _ as business to make a profit. A. have run B. have been run C had been run D. will run 8. If theres a lot of work_, Im happy to just keep on until i
26、t is finished. A. to do B. to be doing C. done D. doing 9. I like these English songs and they _many times on the radio. A. taught B. have taught C. are taught D. have been taught 10. No decision_about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is made
27、C. is being made D. has been made 11. -Do you have any problems if you _this job? -Well, Im thinking about the salary A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered 12. The wet weather will continue tomorrow when a cold front _ to arrive. A. is expected B. is expecting C. expects D. will b
28、e expected 13. He as a national hero for winning the first gold medal for his country in the Olympics. A. regarded B. was regarded C. has regarded D. had been regarded 14. Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _. A. was tested B. will be tested C. is being tested D. has been te
29、sted 15. Though we dont know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic . A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed 16.The monkey was seen_out of the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump 17. Who _this book_? A.did;written B.was;written by C.do;written D.was;written 18. A
30、n accident_on this road last week. A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened. 19. In recent years, many children are made _ what they are not_. A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;interested D.do;interested in. 20. His new book_ next month. A. will be published B. is publ
31、ishing C. is being published D. has been published Keys: 1-5 BBCBC 6-10 BBDDA 11-15 CABCD 16-20ABDAA （二）填空（二）填空 1. Tom knew he would certainly get _ if he was late home. (shout) 2. Officials say that few patients _with the virus owing to the effective prevention. (infect) 3. With the help of high te
32、chnology, more and more new substances in the past years. (discover) 4. The flowers were so lovely that they _ in no time. (sell) 5. I got caught in the rain and my suit_. (ruin) 6. As the years passed, many occasionsbirthdays, awards, graduations _ with Dads flowers. (mark) 7. - Have you handed in
33、your schoolwork yet? -Yes, I have. I guess it _ now. (grade) 8. When you get the paper back, pay special attention to what _. (mark) 9. If Newton lived today, he would be surprise by what _ in science and technology. (discover) 10. The water _ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise. (
34、feel) 11. - Your job _open for your return. - Thanks. (keep) Keys：shouted at, are infected, have been discovered, were sold, has been ruined, were marked, is being graded, have been marked, has been discovered, felt, will be kept 课后作业课后作业 （一）单选（一）单选 1. In recent years, many football clubs _ as busin
35、ess to make a profit. A. have run B. have been run C. had been run D. will run 2. Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. - Oh, nothing much. In fact, I _ of my friends back home. A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. just thought D. have just been thinking 3. There came an announcement o
36、ver the speaker, saying Flight MU565from Sydney _ for an hour. A. had delayed B. had been delayed C. was being delayed D. had been delaying 4. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D.
37、 are persuaded 5. Though we dont know what was discussed, yet we can feel the topic _. A. had changed B. will change C. was changed D. has been changed 6. The last half of the 20th century _ the fast development in updating the INTERNET. A. witnessed B. has witnessed C. was witness D. was to witness
38、 7. I am sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20? - Sorry, I _ myself clear. We want to return on December 20. A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make d. havent made 8. Helen _her keys in the office so he had to wait until her husband _home. A. has lef
39、t comes B. left had come C. had left came D. had left would come 9. I dont suppose the police know who did it. - Well, surprisingly they do. A ma has been arrested and _now. A. has been questioned B. is being questioned C. is questioning D. has questioned 10. Turn on the television or open a magazin
40、e and you _advertisements of all kinds appearing before your eyes. A. will see B. have been C. had been D. will have been 11. He _-to the lab when he set out to do the experiment. A. had hardly got B. hardly got C. will hardly get D. had hardly got 12. His call _and half an hour later the policemen
41、arrested him. A. is traced B. has traced C. was traced D. traced 13. His sister left home in 1998, and _since. A. had not been heard of B. has not been heard of B. had not heard of D. has not heard of 14. Hey, boy! Be careful with that famous ancient painting; it _easily. A. is torn B. tears C. will
42、 be torn D. has torn 15. Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection _to the nation. A. leaves B. has left C. is to leave D. is to be left 16. When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike, _to become a world of champion by his coach and parents. A. would be expected B.
43、was expecting C. was expected D. expected 17. Do you know if Terry will go camping this weekend? - Terry? Never! She _tents and fresh air! A. has hated B. hated C. will hate D. hates 18. Teenagers _ their health because they play computer games too much. A. have damaged B. are damaging C. damaged D.
44、 will damage 19. Mary went to the box office at the lunch time, but all the tickets _out. A. would sell B. had sold C. have sold D. was selling 20. I hope you will leave the name and address with you in case you _as a witness. A. will be needed B. have needed C. are needed D. will need 21. Last year
45、 Sara _a book about Chinas economy and I am wondering whether she _ as witness. A. wrote completed B. was writing has completed C. was writing completed D. wrote has completed 22. Why are you calling so late? You _to call at 10. Its 10:20. - Im sorry. My last meeting ran late. A. were supposed B. ar
46、e supposed C. suppose D. supposed 23. Are you a member of the club? - _, its years since I _ a member of the club. A. Yes was B. No became C. Yes had been D. Nowas 24. Linda, make sure the tables _ before the guests arrive. A. will set B. will be set C. are set D. set 25. Proof shows that the hottest period occurred around 8000 years ago and _by a long cooling. A. follows B. was followed C. followed D. would be followed 26. Although it was the first time the young man _flyin
