1、专题15 语法填空语法填空是中考英语试卷最难题目之一，它的分值是10-15分，分为10个小题。短文填空一般在一篇200250字左右的故事性短文中挖出10个空，要求学生通读短文，并根据上下文来补全短文，每空只能填一个单词。主要考九大词类（名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、数词、介词、连词、冠词）。该题旨在测试考生的英语阅读理解能力和简单的书面表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学过的英语知识进行简单的书面交流，从而达到既考查学生的语言基础知识，又考查他们的观察能力、联想能力以及对语言的综合运用能力。为了答好短文填空题目，我们要打好基础关。这个基础关既包括1600个单词，300多个短语以及一部分常用句型和习
2、惯用语的意思和用法，也包括各种词的词形变化。中考英语语法填空，不论是单句填空还是短文填空，主要有两种形式的空：用所给词（v、n、pron、adj、adv)的正确形式填空；无提示词填空（prep、conj、art)。说白了，中考就考四道题：动词变形题：时态，语态，非谓语动词名词或代词变形题：词性转换 （形容词、副词、动词，同一词根），名词的单复数、所有格、可数与不可数 人称代词、不定代词、反身代词，形容词性物主代词后; 名词性物主代词形容词或副词变形题：词性转换（变反义词或副词），较级或最高级的几种用法无提示词填空题：冠词，介词，连词阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的
3、正确形式。将答案填写在答题纸的相应位置。Traffic SchoolHave you ever driven through a red traffic light? Have you ever parked in the wrong place or driven 1 (fast) than the speed limit (限制)? The answers are probably “yes”. Every year 2 (thousand) of drivers become “offenders”-they break the rules of the road. But 3 are
4、the punishments for this offence?In most countries drivers have to pay a fine (罚款), 4 (usual) $100$300. But in the USA, Australia and some 5 (Europe) countries offenders also get points on their driving license. After they get 6 certain number of points, they cant drive. Life is difficult when you c
5、ant drive. So far some states in the USA 7 (introduce) a new way to avoid this-Traffic School. Offenders have a choice: They can get points on their license 8 they can do a course at Traffic School. Traffic Schools run “driver improvement courses”. They cost about $100 and take from four 9 twelve ho
6、urs. Most people do the course in a classroom, but in some states drivers can do the course online. Drivers learn the rules of the road and they learn how 10 (be) better drivers. They dont have to take a driving test, but at the end of the course they have to pass a written examination.中考英语语法填空，不论是单
7、句填空还是短文填空，主要有两种形式的空：用所给词（v、n、pron、adj、adv)的正确形式填空；无提示词填空（prep、conj、art)。说白了，中考就考四道题：第一道题：动词变形题 是指括号中给出了一个动词，需要对该动词进行形式变化才能符合句子要求的设题类型。此类设题主要有两个角度，其中的一个角度就是考查动词的自身变化【动词的谓语形式(时、语态变化)及非谓语形式(动词不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词】；另一个角度是考查动词与名词、形容词、副词的相互变化【构词法知识】； 第二道题：名词或代词变形题 名词变形题指的是对所给名词进行自身变化（名词的单数变复数、名词变成名词所有格）或者相互变
8、化（名词变形容词、名词变动词、名词变副词）【构词法知识】；代词变形题主要考查代词的格（主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词和反身代词的相互变化，甚至个别不定代词之间的变化：如：many 变成much, both变成neither， other变成others 或another, some变any, all 变none , few 变 little);第三道题：形容词或副词变形题 形容词或副词变形题主要考查它们的自身变化（级的变化：原级、比较级、最高级）或者相互变化（形容词变副词、形容词变成动词、形容词变成名词、副词变成形容词）【构词法知识】；第四道题：无提示词填空题 无提示填空题是一种
9、在不给提示词的前提下，要求根据句意、句法或句子间逻辑关系而填空的设题。这里要填的主要是介词、连词、冠词、代词 it、关系代词/副词。由于不给提示词，实际上加大了解题的难度。解答此类题目（特别是要填的是连词）时，首先要从句意上去考虑，看看句意是否通顺连贯。然后从句子结构上去考虑，看看所填句子是简单句还是复合句，如果是复合句，就要考虑从句连接词的选择。最后从句子间的逻辑上考虑，选择适合句子间逻辑关系的词进行填充。比如因果关系要考虑so, because 等； 转折关系要考虑but, though; 并列关系要考虑and。如果是缺关系代词/关系副词，则要根据定语从句的句子成分来定夺。而要填的是介词时
10、，一定要关注空格前的动词是不是vi,是vi 要考虑其搭配，更要考虑空格后的词/短语的含义，选择用合适的介词。冠词一般出现在名词或名词短语前，特别是单数可数名词前要考虑a/an。另外要注意习惯用法。Passage 1请认真阅读下面短文，在答题卡标有题号的横线上，填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dancing with the LightA few years ago, I visited the Classical Gardens of Suzhou. During the visit, my attention was drawn away from the plants, brid
11、ges and stones, towards 11 walls of the gardens. Mostly white, some parts of the walls are losing small 12 (piece) of their covering. This creates space in which light and plants can be 13 (see). The walls are not only the boundaries of the gardens, but they also form protected paths that guide you
12、on a trip.The memory of the white walls stayed with me. I kept 14 (imagine) how many shadows (影) could be collected by them to dance with the light. This fantastic moment was so lively 15 I came back to explore it with my camera.Working 16 (free) with these walls and their marks, I began to feel lik
13、e collecting all the stories that were painted there. Weather and time have turned these 17 (amaze) white walls into Chinese landscape paintings.I 18 (take) the photos during the month of June, just after the rain. The air was full of small drops of water, showing the light and the color 19 the thin
14、gs around. As color was born out of a dance between light and a body, when photographing in color I found 20 (I) enjoying a moment of this dance.Passage 2Beijing is holding its big event. The two sessions (两会) are here once again. The two sessions are the annual meetings of the National Peoples Cong
15、ress (NPC, 全国人民代表大会) and the National Committee of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议全国委员会). Many big 21 (decide) about our country, like making and changing laws, 22 (discuss) and decided during the two sessions. One hot topic at this years meetings is “new productive
16、 forces” (新质生产力). It means using modern and better ways 23 (help) the country grow. This includes using new technology and ideas. For example, Harbins success in 24 (attract) tourists to 25 (it) ice festival shows how its using new ways to grow and become more 26 (environmental) friendly.The term wa
17、s very popular at the provincial-level (省级的) two sessions and many deputies and members looked at it 27 different ways. For example, in Tianjin and Chongqing, they 28 (talk) about how to make these forces 29 (happen) faster. Huang Yongping, 30 professor and NPC deputy in Shanghai, said that making “
18、new productive forces” should use new technology in many ways.Passage 3The traditional Chinese Longtaitou Festival, or Dragon-Head-Raising Festival, falls on the second day of the second lunar month every year. It 31 (recognize) the start of spring and farming. This year it falls on February 21.Anci
19、ent people believed that after this day Dragon King has awakened from his winter sleep. A well-known phrase goes, “Er yue er, long tai tou”, meaning, “The dragon lifts his head 32 the second day of the second month.”The festival celebrates ancient Chinese culture. Some of the traditional 33 (way) to
20、 celebrate it are no longer existed, but others are still kept well. One of 34 most famous traditions is getting a haircut. Some believe that going to the barber on this day gets rid of (摆脱) bad luck, while others believe that getting a haircut during the first month of the lunar calendar brings bad
21、 luck.People in Fujian province 35 (keep) the tradition of eating tofu during the festival for centuries. Tofu and vegetable balls 36 (make) to pray for family and business. They hope their family can keep healthy and they can do 37 (good) in their work or business than before. Fried beans are the t
22、raditional festival fare for people in parts of Shandong province. People in Suzhou will eat chengyao cakes 38 are made of sticky rice. It is a tradition during the festival for them. And they even have a saying, “Your waist (腰) wont hurt all year 39 you eat a chengyao cake on Longtaitou.”At the sam
23、e time, other foods are named after dragon body parts 40 (mark) the day. Noodles are dragons beard (long xu) and dumplings are dragons ears (long er).Passage 4阅读下面短文，用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词成情态动词。An idol is someone who we respect or love. However, unlike many of my classmates, my idol is not a film s
24、tar, a famous writer or a sportsman, my idol is my dad.Most people believe that a man 41 (go) out and work. However, when I was only a five-year-old boy, I was 42 (serious) ill and needed attention all the time. My dad knew how much my mum loved her job, so he stopped 43 (work) to stay at home and l
25、ook after me. Many men in this situation would want their 44 (wife) to stay with the child, but my dad always thinks about 45 (other) before himself. This made me start to respect him.My dad later took a job and worked at night. He chose the job so that he would only be out of the house when I was s
26、leeping. Since then, my dad 46 (help) and supported me in everything I do. I remember when I was learning to ride a bike, my dad ran behind me and held the back of the bicyele so that I would not fall. I 47 (feel) so safe because I knew he was near. Soon, I was able to ride by 48 (I).My family is no
27、t rich, and we do not own a big house or an expensive car. My dad has shown me that something is 49 (important) than money. Although he now works hard every day and is often very busy, he always makes time 50 (stay) with me. He helps me with my homework, and plays games with me on weekends. He has a
28、lso taught me that I can achieve anything if I really work hard on it.My dad is my idol because he showed me the most important things in life.Passage 5阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 With the earth facing so much pollution, most countries and regions in the world are taking action 51 (fight) against
29、 pollution. Here are some of the measures they have already taken.New Energy VehicleFrance has decided to stop 52 (sell) any car that uses petrol (汽油) and diesel (柴油) fuel by 2040 in order to reduce air pollution and save energy as well. Poor families 53 are willing to replace older and more polluti
30、ng cars with 54 (clean) ones will receive some money from the government. Norway, which is the leader in the use of electric cars in Europe, 55 (want) to move to electric-only vehicles by 2025, as does the Netherlands.Great green wallAccording to a study by NASA, China and India are the main reasons
31、 for 56 (make) the Earth greener over the past twenty years. In 1978, China began a project which is known as the “Great Green Wall”. So far, the program 57 (plant) many trees in 13 provinces and autonomous regions such as Xizang and Inner Mongolia in northern China. Because of Chinas success in 58
32、(deal) with desertification (沙漠化), the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) believes the country is a good example for others to follow. China is one of 59 (successful) countries in greening the desert and has lessons to share with the world.Be straw freeEvery day, Americans throw away 500 mill
33、ion plastic straws, enough to circle the Earth twice, or fill 125 school buses. Be Straw Free was started in America in 2011. California recently became 60 (one) state (州) to stop using plastic straws in restaurants. Corporations like Starbucks, Aramark, and American Airlines are also making an effo
34、rt to stop offering plastic straws.Passage 6阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Last March I lost my camera while I was on a school trip. I left it on the bus on the way back to 61 (we) school. I called the bus company the next day 62 (check) if they could find it, but it wasnt there. My parents got rea
35、lly angry and told me they couldnt buy me a new one.I 63 (know) they were right, so I decided I would get one by myself. I started thinking of ways to make and save money. My parents 64 (usual) give me 8 every week, so the first thing I did was to keep the money 65 the small box on the bookcase.I al
36、so offered to help my uncle Alan. Hes often away for work, but he cant 66 (take) his dog with him. I started to look after his dog when he wasnt at home. After some time, my uncles neighbors saw me. They asked me if I could help with their cats, dogs and rabbits, too. So, I started working for three
37、 67 (family) living across the street.In less than three months I had enough money to buy a new camera. It was the same as the one I had lost, but to me it was much 68 (nice). I paid for it with 69 money I made and it felt very different. This experience teaches me what it means to work hard and I 7
38、0 (learn) that you must be careful with the things you have, because they take a lot of hard work.Passage 7语法填空 阅读下面短文，在文章空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。We all heard the story of Nvwa patching up (修补) the sky with melted coloured stones. Many years passed and troubles broke out again. One of them 71 (be) a
39、 big flood. It appeared in the Yellow River during the rule of Emperor Yao, and the people 72 (force) to give up their villages and go to live in trees or mountains. The flood brought great damage to the 73 (people) life. Emperor Yao felt sorry for the suffering of the people, so he asked Gun to sol
40、ve the problem. Receiving the order, Gun led his team to build dikes (堤坝) to keep back the water 74 failed. Then Shun, the next emperor, ordered Guns son Yu to continue with the work after Gun died. Yu accepted the work and found that it was much 75 (hard) than he had thought. But he fought against
41、the great flood bravely. For thirteen years, he put 76 (he) to his work. He passed his house three times but he did not enter it. Drawing a lesson from his fathers failure, he used methods of channeling and dredging (挖道和疏浚) and controlled the great flood 77 (success). He did so much 78 the people th
42、at they called him “Yu the Great” and Emperor Shun chose him as the next emperor. Yu won the trust of his emperor and the people with his great effort. He was such 79 wise, strong-minded and great person that he is worth 80 (learn) from. We will remember him forever.Passage 8阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括
43、号中所给单词的正确形式。In ancient China, when friends or relatives were separating, they would pick a willow twig (柳条) and give it to the person who was leaving. This was to express 81 (they) wish for him to stay. In Chinese, the word for “willow” is pronounced the same 82 the word for “stay”. Many Chinese poe
44、ts liked writing about willows in their works. One of 83 (famous) poems is A Farewell Song (送元二使安西) by Wang Wei. It reads, No dust is raised on the road wet with morning rain, The willows by the hotel look so fresh and green. I invite you 84 (drink) a cup of wine again, West of the Sunny Pass no mor
45、e 85 (friend) will be seen. Nowadays, willow twigs can also be seen in modern art. There was an amazing performance about willow twigs. 365 people 86 (hold) willow twigs in their hands on the green stage. At the same time, 87 ancient painting of weeping willows (垂柳) appeared on the LED screen. The s
46、etting of 365 people stood for 365 days, and the color green meant the return of spring. The performance 88 (praise) highly by the audience. “I was deeply attracted by 89 (tradition) Chinese culture,” one of them said. In short, giving a willow twig to a person is not saying goodbye 90 asking him to stay. This is the beauty of Chinese culture.Passage 9阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Have you ever seen the film Forrest Gump(阿甘正传)? Theres 91 famous saying in it, “Life is like a box of chocolates. You never know what youre gonna g
