1、动词是表示人或事物动作和状态的词。按照其语法功能，动词分为行为动词、系动词、助动词及情态动词四类。行为动词又叫实义动词，分为及物动词(后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的动词),不及物动词(本身意义不完整，其后不能接宾语的动词)；系动词(不能独立作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语)；助动词(本身没有词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和别的动词一起构成谓语的词，这类词表示时态、语态、语气等特征，帮助构成否定、疑问等)；情态动词(本身有一定意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能单独使用，必须和实义动词一起构成句子的谓语，表示说话者的情感、态度和语气)一、动词的种类（2023广州）1She was in great fear
2、and couldnt think. This only caused her to _ farther into the pool.AdropBswimCjumpDsearch(2023江苏扬州)2We dont _ much from the kids because they cant understand the value of this work.AexpressBexcuseCexpectDexplain(2023江苏无锡)3Lets go and get something to eat. What do you _?How about fish and chips?Asugg
3、estBimagineCsupposeDinsist（2023广州语法选择）4He _ eat big meals and did not go hungry any more.AcouldBmightCshouldDmust（2023武汉）5Excuse me, but we _ wait in line to get on the subway. Im sorry.AmightBwouldCcouldDshould一、实义动词实义动词按其后是否需要接宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词用法示例及物动词（1）带一个宾语If you have any questions, you can rais
4、e your hands. 你们如果有问题，可以举手。（2）带双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）间接宾语常指人，直接宾语常指物My parents gave me a nice gift on my birthday. 我的父母在我生日那天给了我一份精美的礼物。（= My parents gave a nice gift to me on my birthday.）I will buy you a new dictionary. 我会给你买一本新词典。（= I will buy a new dictionary for you.）（3）带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）Please keep the d
5、oor open. 请开着门。Our teachers tell us to study hard. 老师告诉我们要努力学习。不及物动词（1）不带宾语They are running on the playground. 他们正在运动场上跑步。（2）后加介词+宾语Please look at the blackboard and listen to me. 请看黑板，听我说。动词辨异！在实义动词中，中考考题主要考查动词用法的辨异，经常出现在单项选择和完形填空中，是中考一大重要考点。二、连系动词常用连系动词词义例句be是Im a girl with short hair.become成为，变得M
6、ike becomes interested in Chinese.turn变得Mr. Whites face turned red.get变得The weather is getting bad.smell闻起来The flowers smell nice.sound听起来The plan sounds good.taste尝起来The soup tastes delicious.stay保持The shop stays open till 8 pm.grow成长，变得Her hair is growing white.keep保持The girl keeps silent all the
7、time.feel感到，摸起来The coat feels very softlook看起来My mother looks very young.注意1.连系动词不能单独作谓语，其后必须接形容词、名词或介词短语作表语2.含连系动词(be除外)的句子变疑问句时一定要借助助动词do, does, did等三、助动词助动词用 法例 句bebe(am, is, are; was, were)+动词的现在分词，用于现在进行时和过去进行时I am washing my clothes. 我在洗衣服。What is Tom doing? 汤姆在做什么？We were watching TV when the
8、 alarm went off. 我们正在看电视，突然警报响了。be(am, is, are; was, were; will be; have/has been)+动词的过去分词，用于被动语态Is Japanese taught in your school?你们学校教日语吗？The building was destroyed in the earthquake. 大楼在地震中被毁。Where will a new library be built in our city next year? 明年我们城市将在哪里建一座新图书馆？The task hasnt been finished y
9、et.任务还没有完成。dodo(does, did)用于一般现在时和一般过去时We dont go to school on weekends.我们周末不上学。What time does Jack get up?杰克什么时候起床？Did Mary call you this morning?玛丽早上给你打电话了吗？havehave(has, had)+动词的过去分词，用于现在完成时和过去完成时I havent been there before.我以前没去过那儿。Lucy has passed her driving test. 露西已通过了驾驶执照考试。will/shallwill/sha
10、ll(would/should)+动词原形，用于一般将来时和过去将来时I will visit the UK next week.下周我要去英国。When shall we meet again?我们什么时候再见面？He said he would come to see me if he was free. 他说如果他有空就来看我。四、情态动词情态动词用 法例 句can和could(1) 表示能力，意为“能；会”，could用作can的过去式She can drive, but she cant ride a bike. 她会开车，但不会骑自行车。She couldnt speak Chin
11、ese when she came to our school last year. 去年她刚来我们学校时还不会说中文。(2) 表示请求、许可，意为“可以”，两者皆可用，此时的could并不表示过去，只是语气比can更委婉You can go there now. 你可以现在去那儿。 Can/Could I use your bicycle? 我可以用你的自行车吗？ Yes, of course you can. 当然可以。（允许对方时，不可用could应答）(3) 表示客观可能性或推测，意为“可能”，can常用于否定句和疑问句中；could并不表示过去，只是表示可能性小，多用于肯定句和否定句
12、中The girl in the classroom cant be Mary. She has gone to the library. 教室里的女孩不可能是玛丽，她去图书馆了。He could be in London. 他可能在伦敦。must和have to(1) must表示“必须”，否定式mustnt表示“禁止；不准；不允许”I must finish the work today. 我必须今天完成工作。Cars mustnt be parked here. 此处禁止停车。(2) must表示非常肯定的猜测，意为“一定；准是”，只用于肯定句。在否定句和疑问句中用cant，表示“不可能
13、”He must be at home. The light is on. 他一定在家，灯亮着呢。He cant be at home. He is on business. 他不可能在家，他出差了。(3) have to意为“必须；不得不”，表示客观实际的需要，有人称和时态的变化；must表示说话人主观上的看法，即主观上的必要，无人称和时态的变化If he misses the last bus, he will have to walk home. 如果他错过末班车，他将不得不走回家。（表示客观实际）You must stop smoking. 你必须戒烟。（表示主观意愿）(4) 否定式d
14、ont have to表示“不必”，mustnt表示“禁止；不准” Must I finish all the work today? 我必须今天完成全部工作吗？ Yes, you must. / No, you dont have to. / No, you neednt. 是的，必须。/ 不，不必。You mustnt stop your car here. 此处禁止停车。need(1) need作情态动词，意为“需要”，后接动词原形，没有人称、数和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句中。否定式neednt，意为“不必”Its Sunday today. You neednt get up s
15、o early. 今天星期天，你不必起得这么早。Need I post your books to you? 需要我把书寄给你吗？(2) need作实义动词，意为“需要；有必要”，有人称、数和时态的变化，后接名词、代词、动词不定式或动名词等Do you need any help? 你需要帮助吗？She didnt need to go to school yesterday. 她昨天不需要去上学。should和ought to(1) 表示义务、责任、建议、劝告，意为“应该；应当”Young people should respect old people. 晚辈应该尊重长辈。You ough
16、t to talk with your father about it. 你应该和你的父亲谈谈这件事。(2) 表示推测，意为“应该；估计”They should be home by now, I think. 我想他们现在总该到家了吧。It ought to be Tom. 应该是汤姆。had better意为“最好”“应该”，后接动词原形，had通常缩略为d。否定式为had better notYoud better get some sleep. 你最好去睡一会儿。Youd better not go there by yourself. 你最好不要一个人去那里。used to意为“过去
17、经常”，后接动词原形He used to live in Paris. 他过去一直住在巴黎。Did you use to be a teacher? 你过去是当老师的吗？They didnt use to live here. 他们过去没住在这儿。动词辨异(2023武汉)6 The hair product is being _ at present. You mean if its up to the standard, it will be put on the market soon.AusedBtestedCshownDsold(2023湖北荆州)7Hangzhou will hold
18、 the 19th Asian Games from September 23 to October 8, 2023.Right. Players will _ in forty sports, such as swimming, table tennis and volleyball.AcompeteBbelieveCimagineDadvise(2023湖北黄石)8In April, the weather in some places in Hubei is really changeable. People may _ four seasons in one week.Aorganiz
19、eBdescribeCcheckDexperience(2023江苏扬州)9We dont _ much from the kids because they cant understand the value of this work.AexpressBexcuseCexpectDexplain(2023江苏无锡)10Lets go and get something to eat. What do you _?How about fish and chips?AsuggestBimagineCsupposeDinsist(2023山东滨州)11Our parents often _ us
20、not to talk with strangers on the Internet.Thats true. As teenagers, we should learn to protect ourselves.AwarnBinviteCcontrolDpromise12Is Taylor Swift the most popular country music singer?I _ so. She has won so many awards and her concerts are the most popular.AhopeBdoubtCsupposeDimagine13Nobody b
21、elieves Jack because he always _ others.AcheatsBconsidersChelpsDdislikes14The _ you wrote about the film is wonderful.Thanks.ArenewBreviewCrecycleDreuse15No way, I wont sleep in this sleeping bag.So what do you _, Mark? Its a camp, not a hotel.AexpectBwishCsuggestDimagine16Dinner is ready. Help your
22、self, please!Wow! It _ delicious.AtastesBsoundsCturnsDgets17How much is the computer? Is it expensive?No, its not too expensive. It only _ me 300 dollars.AcostBlostCspentDtook18The BBC documentary Du Fu: Chinas Greatest Poet _ Du to William Shakespeare, one of the greatest writers of the West.Aconsi
23、dersBconnectsCcomparesDcomplains19I hear youre organizing a trip to the game next week. _ me in!No problem. Just keep in touch on WeChat.AMatterBLeaveCCountDMind20How long does it take to get to Taizhou from Nanjing by train?Maybe one hour. But why not _ it on Baidu?AfixBdesignClookDcheck21No way, I
24、 wont sleep in this sleeping bag.So what do you _, Mark? Its a camp, not a hotel.AexpectBwishCsuggestDimagine22You dont need to _ yourself with others. Believe in yourself.AcorrectBconnectCcompareDcommunicate23Schools should _ students to form good working habits through labor(劳动) education.Aforce B
25、encourageCwarnDpromise24The huge fire _ the whole factory and killed 121 workers.AkeptBprotectedCdestroyedDdamaged25Why do you like this hotel? Because it can _ customers with best service.AprovidesBserveCstateDoffer26When Simon _ that there was a new student in the classroom, he said hello to her.A
26、noticedBpromisedCplannedDdecided27He has _ from a poor young man to a successful business man.AraisedBspreadCtradedDrisen28The news of victory _ quickly and everyone in the town was very excited.ArecordedBdiscussedCspreadDpolluted29If you always_yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure.I
27、agree. We should believe in ourselves.AcompareBcomplainCconnectDconsider30They all _ why the little girl could sing so difficult an English song.AwonderedBbelievedCwantedDexpected31The female scientist Yan Ning _ to leave the US and return to China in November 2022. The news caught many peoples atte
28、ntion.ApreferredBwarnedCprovedDannounced32The report says one of the organizers is still _ by the police. If I find the organizer, I will report it to the police at once.AcaughtBwantedCmissedDquestioned33Do you think Karen will be a great doctor?In fact, being a doctor _ carefulness, but she is care
29、less sometimes.ArepeatsBreceivesCreducesDrequires34What do you think of the movie Avatar: The Way Of Water? Great. It _ about 3 hours, but no one left early.AcoveredBremainedClastedDshowed35You may borrow some money from your friend Tom.Forget it. Tom and I just met a couple of times, but we dont re
30、ally _.AcareBspareCcoverDconnect36Do you think John can win a prize in the Wuhan Marathon?Impossible now. He was _ to do so, but he has just hurt his leg.AadvisedBrequiredCsupposedDrequested情态动词练习（2023湖北鄂州）37_ I take photos here?Sorry, you cant. Its not allowed in the museum.AMustBNeedCCanDWill（2023
31、湖北黄石）38Young Chinese people _ keep the motherland at heart, aim high, and have their feet firmly on the ground.AshouldBcanCmayDneed（2023湖北荆州）39You _ take the subway to the airport, for I can drive you there directly.Thats very kind of you.AcantBneedntCmustntDshouldnt（2023襄樊）40Does the sports watch b
32、elong to Mary?It _ be hers. She is the only one who wears the sports watch in our class.AcantBmustCmightDcould（2023江苏连云港 ）41Earthquakes can be very dangerous. We _ learn to protect ourselves.AmightBshouldCcouldDwould（2023江苏无锡 ）42Oh, come on! _ you doubt everything I say? Im not a three-year-old!ACan
33、tBCanCMustntDMust（2023江苏镇江 ）43The new app about fashion is really free and you _ pay money for it.AmayBmustCshouldntDneednt（2023河北 ）44If we _ find a better way, well finish the job faster.AcanBcantCmustDmustnt（2023 天津）45Would you like to visit Tianjin University tomorrow?Sorry, Im afraid I _. Ill wo
34、rk as a volunteer in my community.AcanBcantCmustDmustnt（2023 云南）46Excuse me, may I use my phone now?Sorry, you _. The plane is taking off.AneedBneedntCcanDcant47Excuse me. Can you tell me what time it is now? Sorry, I _. My watch doesnt work.AcantBmay notCmustntDneednt48Its quite bright here. Lets j
35、ust keep the window open.Yes. We_ leave the light on.AcouldntBshouldntCwillDwouldnt49What do you think we common people _ do for our motherland during the Covid-19 breakout?I think we _ do anything except staying at home and do some exercise to keep ourselves fit.Amust; cantBmay; mustntCneed; should
36、nt.Dcan; neednt50_ we clean the classroom at once?No, you _. You _ clean it after school.AMust; neednt; mayBMust; mustnt; can.CShall; cant; mustDNeed; mustnt; may51Mike, you play with fire. You burn yourself.Awont; cantBhave got to; shouldntCdont have to; mustDmustnt; might52Whose backpack is this?I
37、t be Jims. Look, his students card is in it.AmustBcanCmustntDcant53As middle school students, we follow the public rules wherever we go.AwouldBshouldCmightDcould54Mum, may I go to see a film with my cousin?- You _ go if you have finished your homework.AmustBneedCshouldDcan55-Some people dont show th
38、eir talents at the very beginning.-I agree. Even Einstein _ read until he was seven.AcantBmustntCcouldntDneednt56The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light, so you _ worry about its weight.AmustBmayCcantDneednt57According to the notice, guests at this hotel _use the sports cen
39、ter at no extra cost.AcanBshouldCmustDneed58We dont allow taking magazines out, but you _ copy the article you need on the machine over there. AcanBmustCshouldDwould59Its too hot._I swim in the lake? No, you _. Thats too dangerous!AShould; cantBNeed; mustntCMust; needntDCould ; cant60Can we walk acr
40、oss the road now?No, we . We have to wait until the light turns green.AcouldntBneedntCshouldntDmustnt61 Mom, I play computer games this evening? Sure, but you finish your homework first.Acan; mustBcan; mustntCmay; couldDmay; cant62Maths isnt very difficult. You _ be afraid of it. You can come and as
41、k for help.AmustntBcantCwouldntDneednt63You _ go and see a doctor if you are not well before Monday.AcouldntBhad betterCshouldntDneed to64Do I have to hand in my report now? Of course, you _. Were going to discuss it.AcanBcantCmustDmustnt65You _ work on your own in the lab. It is against the rules!AmustntBneedntCwontDcouldnt66Daniel, you _ spread the books all over the floor. It is a rule. Sorry, I wont. AcouldntBneedntCmustntDwouldnt试卷第13页，共14页
