1、The Attributive Clause,定语从句,解决两个问题： 第一，什么是定语？ 第二，什么可以作定语？ 概念定语常常用来修饰名词，常常放在名词的前面或名词后。 （一）放在名词前面用来修饰名词的词语有哪些？ 如 a big dog，my book，these flowers，beautiful pictures 总结：形容词(adj.)，形容词物主代词(my/ your/ his/ her/ its/ our/ your/ their)，不定代词(this/ that/ these/ those)常常放在名词前修饰名词；,红裤子 旧自行车 那些树 我们的学校 这只猫 蓝色的天空,re
2、d pants,old bikes/ an old bike,those trees,our school,this cat,blue sky,注意：形容词修饰下面三个词的时候要放到这三个的后面：something important，anything funny，nothing special,（二）放在名词后面用来修饰名词的词语有哪些？ 例如：streets in Beijing (北京的街道)， shops along streets(沿街的商店)， the pictures on the wall(墙上的图画) dogs that like eating fruits(爱吃水果的狗)，
3、 students who helped teachers(帮助老师的学生) 总结：介词短语和句子修饰名词的时候， 放在名词的后面 介词短语通常是：介词+地点等,这里的人们 海里的鱼 教室前面的树 我们家的照片 擅长跑步的男孩 爱唱歌的小鸟,people here,fishes in the sea,trees in front of the classroom,the pictures of my family,a boy who is good at running,birds that like singing,今天的话题就是定语从句，即一个句子放在一个词的后面修饰该词，这个句子就叫定语
4、从句。 学习定语从句需要牢牢把握三点： 第一，定语从句和被修饰词之间要有一个连接词连接，该词在语法上被称之为“关系代词或副词”； 第二，被定语从句修饰的词语，在语法上被称之“先行词”，该“先行词”的作用是：在后面的定语从句中充当某一个成分，如作主语，作宾语，作定语，作状语等。 第三，先行词（物还是人）及先行词在句子中做什么成分（主语？宾语？定语？状语？），决定了用哪个关系代词或副词。,Which baby is Jack?,穿红裤子的baby是Jack。,The baby is wearing red pants .,The baby is Jack.,The baby is Jack.,wh
5、o is wearing red pants,Jack,定语从句,先行词,关系代词who,总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中作主语用who引导,Which house is mine?,房(子的) 顶是棕色的房子是我的。,The house is mine.,whose roof is brown,My house,The houses roof is brown.,The house is mine.,定语从句,先行词,关系代词 whose,总结：先行词若在定语从句中表“属于所有的”用whose引导,I talked with the man.,The man is our teacher.,T
6、he man (who/whom) I talked with(-) is our teacher.,I talked with the man who is our teacher,总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中作宾语用who/whom引导， 且可以省略。,总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中作主语用who引导， 不可以省略。,These are the trees.,The trees were planted last year.,These are the trees which were planted last year.,总结:先行词是物且在定语从句中作主语或宾语用which引导。,这
7、些是去年栽的树。,总结：先行词是人且在定语从句中做主语或宾语的时候，关系代词_；作宾语的时候，用_,先行词若在宾语从句中充当定语表示“（谁）的”时候，关系代词用_,先行词若是物且在宾语从句中充当主语或宾语的时候，关系代词是_,who,whom,whose,which,总结：若先行词是 人或物，在定语从句中 作主语或宾语 时都可以用that引导。,A plane is a machine. A machine can fly.,A plane is a machine _can fly.,He is the man. I told you about him.,He is the man _ I
8、 told you about.,定语从句中的另一个关系代词 that,which,that,who/whom,that,1.The house _ we live in (-) is very old. 2.Those are the shoes _ I lost (-) last week. 3.That is the man _ found my handbag. 4.Lucy cant eat food _ has chocolate in it. 5. The car _ my uncle bought (-) last month is very beautiful.,which/
9、 that,which/ that,who/ that,which/ that,which/ that,归纳: that,即指人又指物，作主语或宾语。 which,只指物，作主语或宾语。 who, whom指人,who作主语,whom作宾语。 that, which, whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。,1) A plane is a machine _ can fly. 2) The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen. 3) The students _ dont study hard will not pass the exam. 4
10、) The woman _you saw in the park is our English teacher.,which/that,which/that,who/that,whom/that,6. The village _ Guo Peng lives in is very far away. 7. The boy _ is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 8. I hate people _ talk much but do little. 9. The detective found the thieves _ robbed the
11、Bank of Hawaii. 10. My aunt works in a university _ has over five thousand students.,which/ that,who/ that,who/ that,who/ that,which/ that,以下情况只能用“that”作关系代词： 1.先行词既有指人又有指物； 2.当先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级时或有the only, the very等修饰时； 3.先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing等不定代词； 4.主句是以who/which开头的特殊疑问句时；,Fil
12、l in the blanks: 1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields. 2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate. 3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for. 4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read. 5.There is nothing in the world _ can fright
13、en me. 6.Who is the man _ is reading under the tree? 7.Which is the pen _ you bought?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,Ill never forget the day,关系副词（一） when,I joined the league on the day.,Ill never forget the day on when I joined the league.,Ill never forget the day on which I joined the league.,
14、注意：这里的when是副词，所以前面的on省略掉,注：但是若把the day看做是on的宾语，我们可以用 代替宾语的引导词which。如下,Ill never forget the day when I joined the league on.,关系副词 （二）where.,This is the house.,I lived in the house two years ago.,This is the house in where I lived two years ago.,注意：这里的where是副词，所以前面的in省略掉,注：但是若把the house看做是in的宾语，我们可以用
15、代替宾语的引导词which。如下,This is the house in which I lived two years ago.,This is the house where I lived in two years ago.,I know the reason.,关系副词（三） why,I know the reason for why she was late.,She was late for the reason.,I know the reason why she was late for.,I know the reason for which she was late.,7
16、. I cant forget the days _ I studied in college. I cant forget the days on_ I studied in college I cant forget the days _ I spent (-)in college. 8. The library _ we often read books on Sundays is not far from our school. 9. The library _ we often read in (-) on Sundays is not far from our school.,wh
17、en,which,which,注意下面的句子引导词的使用,where,which,(I cant forget the days; I studied in the college on the days),(I cant forget the days; I spent the days in the college ),(The library is not far from our school ; we often read in the library on Sundays),10. No one knows the reason _ she is leaving so early.
18、 No one knows the reason for_ she is leaving so early. 11. They came to a river _ a new bridge is being built over (-) . 12.They came to a river _ a new bridge is being built.,why,which,which,where,No one knows the reason; she is leaving so early for the reason,They came to a river. A new bridge is
19、being built over the river.,自”即“介词which”引 导我定语从句应注意： 1介 测词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素 A.与 试先行词的搭配关系 1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army. 2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school. 3) I will never forget the year _ my son went to college. 4) I got home at 7:00 p.m. yesterday _ most p
20、eople had had supper.,when/ on which,when/during which,when/in which,when/by which,5. I still remember the day _ we spent in the forest. 6. I still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing. 7. The factory _ we will visit is large. 8. The factory _ his father works is large. 9. Ill never forget the time _ we work on the farm. 10. This is the house _ we lived last year.,that/which,when/on which,that/which,where/in which,when/at which,where/in which,归纳:关系副词when指时间,关系副词where指地点, 在定语从句中作状语。即使先行词是时间地点,若 作从句中的宾语，只能用关系代词that, which.,以下为较难的定语从句： Complete the following
