1、Using language 现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态 Present perfect passive 现在完成时的被动语态强调一现在完成时的被动语态强调一 个发生在过去的被动性动作持续到现个发生在过去的被动性动作持续到现 在或对现在造成的影响或结果。在或对现在造成的影响或结果。 一，构成一，构成 have/has +been+done The door has already been locked. The children havent been told the good news yet. Has his new novel been translated into
2、English yet? How long has the house been built? 二，二， 现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法 1 1 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果， 着重指现在的情况。着重指现在的情况。 当动词当动词 为结束性动词时，可与为结束性动词时，可与already, yet 连用，连用， 但不能与但不能与for 或或since 引导的表示一引导的表示一 段时间的状语连用。段时间的状语连用。 The work has already been completed. 2 2 表示一个被动的动作或
3、状态开始于过去，持续到现在，表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在， 并有可能持续下去时，并有可能持续下去时， 常与常与for或或since引导的时间状语连用，引导的时间状语连用， 或用于或用于How long句型中。句型中。 My car has been repaired for two day. The house has been painted since the family moved out. 3 3 用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时 的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语
4、态。的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You can go home as soon as your task has been finished. 三，常与现在完成时连用的时间状语三，常与现在完成时连用的时间状语 already, yet, recently/lately, since then, ever since, so far , ever, for a long time, by now, in recent years, in/during/over the past /last (few)years 四，四， 应注意的问题应注意的问题 1 1 注意现在完成时的被动语态的两个
5、助动词，注意现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词， 即即have/has have/has 和和been , been , 两者缺一不可。两者缺一不可。 2 2 注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。 一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与 现在情况没有关系，现在情况没有关系， 而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的联系。而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的联系。 This novel was finished last year. This novel has been finished. 3 3 非延续性动词在现在完
6、成时的被动语态中的运用。非延续性动词在现在完成时的被动语态中的运用。 非延续性动词，非延续性动词， 如如borrow, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, open, join等构成的现在完等构成的现在完 成时的被动语态不与成时的被动语态不与for 或或since 连用。连用。 How long has this book been bought? How long ago was this book bought? 但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有连续性，因而可与但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有连续性，因而可与since或或for 引导
7、的时引导的时 间状语连用。间状语连用。 No books have been bought since last week. 4 4 动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略动词短动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略动词短 语中的介词或副词。语中的介词或副词。 The orphan has been looked after by his neighbours. The problem has been paid enough attention to. 5 带有双宾语的动词，带有双宾语的动词， 如如give, send, bring, ta
8、ke, teach, show, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy , pay, lend, pass, promise等，等， 变为被动语态时，一般将直变为被动语态时，一般将直 接宾语或间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，接宾语或间接宾语变为被动语态的主语， 若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时， 间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。 The company has given him a chance to work abroad recently. He has been given a chanc
9、e to work abroad recently(by the company). A chance to work abroad has been given to him recently(by the company). 1 Great changes_(take place) in my village since 2012. 2 More patients _(treat) in hospital this year than last year. 3 _ the photo_(develop) yet? If not, youd better get it ready as so
10、on as possible. 4 -Are you going to the party? -No, I _(not invite) yet. 5 More than a dozen students in that school_(send）to study medicine last year. 6 More than 5000 used bikes _(collect) since the two brothers set up the organisation. have taken place have been treated Has been developed have no
11、t been invited were sent have been collected 直击高考直击高考 7 Every possible means _(try) to stop the bad behavior, but they dont work at all. 8 Over the past ten year, this town _(hit) twice by earthquakes. 9 -Will the lecture be held at 4 oclock this afternoon? -No, it _(put off ) till tomorrow. 10 -Wha
12、t happened to the postman? -I dont know. He _(not see) around here for a long time. has been tried has been hit has been put off hasnt been seen Look at the sentences from the reading passage and answer the questions. a I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. b New invention
13、s like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. 1. What has happened to “you” in sentence (a) 2. Who has used new inventions to make replacement hearts and bone parts in sentence (b)? Group A a I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before. b New invent
14、ions like 3D printers have been used to make replacement hearts and bone parts. Group B c I guess someone has asked you about the title of your book before. d People have used new inventions like 3D printers to make replacement hearts and bone parts. Compare the following sentences and answer the qu
15、estions. What is the difference between the two groups of sentences? Why does the author choose to use the passive form instead of the active form in the reading passage? Rewrite the underlined parts using the present perfect passive. Within the next 80 years, our lives may be changed beyond recogni
16、tion by 3D printing. It has already affected many things in our lives, right down to the food we eat. For instance, some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. They have made hum
17、an body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. And it is not just humans who are benefiting in Brazil, people have given a new 3D- printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest fire! It has already affected many things in our lives, Many things in our lives have already been
18、affected. some restaurants in London have served 3D-printed hamburgers to customers. 3D-printed hamburgers have been served to customers in some restaurants in London. But perhaps the most significant success that people have achieved to date is in medicine. But perhaps the most significant success
19、that has been achieved to date is in medicine. They have made human body parts, including a beating heart, with 3D printing technology. Human body parts , including a beating heart, have been made with 3D printing technology. people have given a new 3D-printed shell to a turtle injured in a forest f
20、ire! A new 3D-printed shell has been given to a turtle injured in a forest fire. Imagine you are Dr Moore. My lab has been broken into! My The lock on the door has been broken. The window has been broken. My two laptops have been stolen. Beakers and test tubes have been destroyed. The book case has
21、been opened, and some files have been taken away while others have been thrown everywhere. The robot has been damaged. A pair of gloves have been left in the lab. A mathematician is a person who is trained in the study of numbers and calculations. A physicist is a person who does research connected
22、with physics or who studies physics. An astronomer is a scientist who studies the stars , planets ,and other natural objects in space. A chemist is a person who does research connected with chemistry or who studies chemistry. A biologist is a person who studies or works in the field of biology. A ge
23、ographer is a scientist who studies the geography or is an expert in it . Complete the introductions about different scientists with the words in Activity 4. Pay attention to the language that describes their careers. Guo Shoujing(1231-1316) was a famous Chinese 1_ of the Yuan dynasty. He invented t
24、welve new instruments to study stars and planets. He also developed a calendar which is as accurate as the Gregorian calendar. A mountain on the Moon and a minor planet are named after him. astronomer British2_ C h a r l e s D a r w i n (18091882) is best known for his work On the Origin of Species,
25、 in which he explains changes in species due to natural selection. His ideas deeply influenced our understanding of the relationship between humans and nature. biologist Li Daoyuan was a famous writer and 3_ of the Northern Wei Dynasty. He did field research across China and studied more than a thou
26、sand rivers and streams, along with the landscape, history and culture of the surrounding areas. geographer Marie Curie (18671934) wa s a wo r l d - f a m o u s 4 _, and was first awarded the Nobel Prize in 1903 for her extraordinary work on radioactivity. She was also regarded as a brilliant5_ and
27、was again awarded the Nobel P r i z e i n 1 9 1 1 f o r t h e isolation of pure radium. physicist chemist Chen Jingrun (19331996) was o n e o f t h e w o r l d s leading6_. His work on Chens Theorem made an important advance towards proving Goldbachs Conjecture, the greatest unsolved problem in numb
28、er theory. mathematicians Work in pairs. Think about other careers in science and discuss what interests you most. I m interested in the work of a(n) because Invention stories Listen to the conversation and number the pictures in the correct order. a b c d e 4 4 3 3 5 5 1 1 2 2 Listen again and comp
29、lete the notes What is it? 1 a pair of socks designed for people with Alzheimers disease. 2 a student from New York 3 His grandfather 4 A warning 5 gets out of bed Work in pairs. Act out the conversation about the invention of the telephone. Student A Who invented? When was invented? How was invented? What was the first phone call about? What other interesting things? Student B The telephone was invented by in When, he He laterand finally The first phone call was about Its interesting that
