1、Unit 4 Natural Disasters Discovering useful structuresDiscovering useful structuresSpeak out the names of disasters as quick as possible.wildfirefloodtsunamiearthquakedroughttornadovolcano eruptionlandslideFind more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page 50.修饰代词those修饰名词su
2、rvivors1Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below.What function do the restrictive relative clauses have?The Tangshan earthquake was a terrible experience that my great-grandma cannot forget.The couple who live next to us volunteered to help after the volcano erupted
3、.修饰名词experience修饰名词couple1Find and underline the restrictive relative clauses in the sentences below.What function do the restrictive relative clauses have?The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.Mr Li is an architect whose designs for the new tow
4、n have won praise.A doctor with whom James used to work died in the 2016 earthquake in Ecuador.修饰名词supplies修饰代词Mr Li修饰名词doctorFind more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page 50.修饰名词cracksFind more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page 50.修饰名词qu
5、ake修饰名词词组Two thirds of the people修饰名词peopleFind more sentences with restrictive relative clauses from the text on page 50.修饰代词those修饰名词survivorsRelative Clauses(定语从句定语从句)Relative clause is a clause that usually modifies a noun or noun phrase and is introduced by a relative pronoun(which,that,who,who
6、m,whose),a relative adverb(where,when,why),or a zero relative.Relative ClausesRestrictive Relative ClausesNon-Restrictive Relative ClausesRestrictive Relative ClausesNon-Restrictive Relative ClausesVSRestrictive Relative Clauses(限制性定语从句限制性定语从句)限制性定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，说明事物的具体信息，从句位于被修饰词之后，例如：The man wh
7、o lives next to us is a police officer.A drone is an aircraft without a pilot that is operated by remote control.We will start at the point where we left off last time.上述例句中，man、pilot、point都是被定语从句修饰的词，叫作先行词先行词。黑体部分是定语从句，其中that和who是关系代词；where是关系副词。定语从句的常见引导词定语从句的常见引导词替代（人、物）替代（人、物）功能功能关系代词关系代词that人或物
8、主、宾、表which事物主、宾、表who人主、宾、表whom人宾、表whose人或物定语关系副词关系副词when时间时间状语where地点地点状语why原因原因状语关系代词关系代词which和和that1.关系代词which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，例如：The bus which has just left was the last one today.(作主语)The fish(which)I bought this morning was not fresh.(作宾语，可省略)2.关系代词that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，例
9、如：This is a book that interests a large number of people.(作主语)Is there anything(that)I can do for you?(作宾语，可省略)He is a man(that)you can safely trust.(作宾语，可省略)关系代词关系代词which和和that在限制性定语从句中只能用that，不能用which的情况：1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时，或当先行词被every,any,all,some,lit
10、tle,no,few,much等词修饰时。2.当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级、the only,the very,the last等词修饰时。e.g.All that can be done has been done.e.g.The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.Its the most important task that should be finished soon.关系代词关系代词which和和that在限制性定语从句中只能用that，不能用which的情况：3.当先行词既有人又有物时。e.g.The
11、y talked about the people and things that they remembered at school.4.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时，为避免混淆，不用which而用that。e.g.Who is the man that is standing by the gate?关系代词关系代词who/whom/whose1.关系代词who/whom指人，在定语从句中分别作主语或宾语，例如：The man who lives in that house is my uncle.(作主语)The girl(whom)the teacher often p
12、raises is our monitor.(作宾语，可省略)（关系代词whom在口语或非正式文体中常可用who来代替。）2.关系代词whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，例如：I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country.(作定语，修饰人)I once lived in the house whose roof has fallen in.(作定语，修饰物)关系副词关系副词when/where/why1.关系副词when/where引导定语从句时，对应的先行词必须是时间和地点名词，在从句中充当时间状语
13、和地点状语，相当于“介词介词+which”。e.g.Do you remember the day when(=on which)we first met?Ill never forget the time when(=during which)visited Xian.Id like to live in a country where(=in which)there is plenty of shine.The hotel where(=at/in which)we stayed was very clean.关系副词关系副词when/where/why2.关系副词why只能引导限制性定语
14、从句，先行词只有reason一词，在从句中充当原因状语，相当于“for+which”。e.g.Do you know the reason why(=for which)he is not here now?I didnt get a pay rise,but this wasnt the reason why(=for which)I left.where有时还可用于抽象名词后引导定语从句。常见此类抽象名词有point,degree,stage,position,condition,case等。e.g.He got into a situation where it is hard to d
15、ecide what is right and wrong.“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出，例如：The school in which he once studied is very famous.=The school(which/that)he once studied in is very famous.定语从句中某些含有介词的短语动词，一般介词仍放在短语动词的后面，此类动词短语有：look for,look after,take care of等。e.g.This is the watch(which/that
16、)I am looking for.This is the watch for which I am looking.()“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语且介词前置时，只能用which或whom，不可用that,who。e.g.The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor.The plane by which we flew to Canada was really comfortable.以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。e.g.The wa
17、y(in which/that)he answered the question was surprising.2Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom or“/”.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.1.Here are some of the people _ homes were destroyed by the typhoon.whose2.The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people _ were
18、 asleep.whoTranslation:_这是一些被台风摧毁家园的人们。Translation:_大楼的剧烈震动惊醒了所有睡着的人。2Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom or“/”.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.3.The next day,people put up shelters in the open air using anything _ they could find.Translation:_that OR 省略4.Several days lat
19、er,most of the buildings _ had been damaged by the hurricane were repaired.which OR thatTranslation:_第二天，人们用能找到的任何东西在露天处搭建庇护所。几天后，大多数被飓风毁坏的建筑都修好了。2Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom or“/”.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.5.The injured boy _ mother was lost in the disaster
20、 was taken to the hospital.whoseTranslation:_6.The woman wrote a thank-you letter to the soldier by _ she was rescued.whomTranslation:_那个母亲在灾难中丧生的受伤男孩被送到了医院。那位妇女给营救她的士兵写了一封感谢信。2Complete each sentence with that,which,who,whose,whom or“/”.Then translate the sentences into Chinese.7.Is this the young b
21、oy _ saved several other students trapped under buildings?who OR thatTranslation:_这是那个救了其他几个被困在建筑下的学生的小男孩吗？1.supply /spla/n.供应量；补给 supply chain 供应链e.g.Books were in short supply.书记供应短缺。e.g.Our medical supplies were running out.我们的医疗补给快用完了。n.供应，供给 sth to sb/sb with sthe.g.Foreign governments supplied
22、 arms to the rebels.e.g.Foreign governments supplied the rebels with arms.一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。2.“Typhoon”and“Hurricane”are names for the same storm.It is called a typhoon if it occurs in the West Pacific Ocean and a hurricane if it occurs in the North Atlantic Ocean or Eastern Pacific Ocean.3.survive /sv
23、av/v.生存；幸存，艰难度过 survive on 靠.生存 from sthe.g.Some strange customs have survived from earlier times.有些奇怪的风俗是从早年留存下来的。e.g.The company managed to survive the crisis.公司设法渡过了危机。survival n.生存 the struggle/fight/for survivor n.幸存者 the sole/only 3Work with a partner.Take turns to ask each other about the pic
24、tures.Make sentences with restrictive relative clauses using that,which,who,whose,whom.3EXAMPLE 1:A:Whats the rescue worker doing?B:She is feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.3EXAMPLE 2:put/set up shelters 搭建避难所in the open air 露天；在户外A:What are three soldiers doing?B:They are putting up shel
25、ters in the open air.A:who are these shelters fixed for?B:They are fixed for people who have lost their homes in the disaster.3EXAMPLE 3:rescue worker 救援人员rescue dog 救援犬A:What are the rescue worker doing?B:He is searching for those who have been trapped under the ruins with the help of the police do
26、g.A:Why is the dog part of rescue team?B:Because it can smell the injured out.Write down a small paragraph describing the picture below.Try to use restrictive relative clauses.The picture shows/depicts/presents.As is seen from the picture,.So/Hence,he needs.What happened?What are the effects?What ki
27、nd of help did he need?EXAMPLE The picture shows a greatly depressed man who is standing in front of his house which has been destroyed after the huge earthquake.As is seen from the picture,the disaster does serious harm to people physically and mentally.Hence,the man needs fund to rebuild the house and some mental care.1.Have you ever experienced any natural disaster?How do you feel?2.If you face a natural disaster,what will you do?Think about the following questions.Thanks!
